Xa sifumanisa ukuba sinomhlaza, sonke siyoyika kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, sicinga ngonyango olufana ne-chemotherapy. I-chemotherapy itshabalalisa iiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, inokutshabalalisa kungekuphela nje iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa neeseli ezisempilweni emzimbeni wethu, umzekelo, iiseli zeenwele, iiseli ezibangela izilonda emlonyeni, kunye neeseli emathunjini. Yiyo loo nto i-chemotherapy ibangela ukulahleka kweenwele, izilonda emlonyeni, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu. Kodwa, khawucinge... bekuya kuba mnandi kangakanani ukuba bekukho uhlobo lonyango olunokujonga kuphela iiseli zomhlaza, njenge-sniper rifle? Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yiTyrosine Kinase Inhibitors , okanye ii-TKIs ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi TKI?
Ii-TKI luhlobo lonyango olujoliswe kulo olusetyenziswa kunyango lomhlaza. Zisebenza ngokuvala izinto ezithile ngaphakathi kwiiseli zomhlaza ezizinceda zikhule kwaye zahlukane. Ngamanye amazwi, iiseli zomhlaza zinenkqubo yokubonisa ezixelela ukuba "zikhule kwaye zahlukane." Ii-TKI zisebenza ngokuphazamisa loo nkqubo yokubonisa kwaye ziyimise.
La mayeza asenokunganyangi umhlaza ngokupheleleyo, kodwa anokunceda izigulana ukuba zihlale zilawula umhlaza ixesha elide (ukuxolelwa kwawo), okanye ziphile ubomi obusemgangathweni kunye nomhlaza.
Lisebenza njani eli yeza? Makhe sijonge ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sazi kancinci ngenkqubo eqhelekileyo yokwahlukana kweeseli emizimbeni yethu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba imizimba yethu yifektri enkulu. Abasebenzi bale fektri babizwa ngokuba ziiseli.
1. Izinto ezibangela ukukhula: Aba ngabathunywa abavela ngaphandle kwefektri abazisa umyalezo othi "Qalisa ukuvelisa ngoku."
2. IiTyrosine kinases: Ezi zii-enzymes ezingaphakathi kwiiseli ezithatha umyalezo zize zixelele abanye ukuba "Kulungile, masiqale ukusebenza."
Nantsi into eyenzekayo kwiseli eqhelekileyo esempilweni. Isithunywa (i-growth factor) siyafika size sinike umphathi umyalezo (i-tyrosine kinase). Umphathi uthatha loo myalezo aze axelele iseli ukuba yahlule. Emva kokuba iiseli zahlule kangangoko zifuna, umphathi uyayicima iswitshi. Le yinkqubo elawulwa kakhulu .
Kodwa kwiiseli zomhlaza, le nkqubo iyaphela. Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ngakumbi, aba baphathi (iTyrosine kinases) bayaphambana. Iswitshi yabo ivuliwe ngokusisigxina. Abadingi myalezo ovela ngaphandle, baqhubeka nje bexelela iiseli ukuba "zahlule, zahlule, zahlule." Olu hluhluhluhlu lweseli olungalawulwayo yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-cancer.
Into eyenziwa zii-TKI kukuya kwindawo yokusebenza yomphathi ongaqhelekanga, ohlala 'usebenza' (iTyrosine kinase) aze amphazamise ukuze angakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Emva koko loo mqondiso "wokwahlulwa" uhlala uphela. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyayeka ukwahlulwa, kwaye ithumba liqala ukuncipha.
Umzekelo obalaseleyo: I-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Olu luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi. Ngaphambili, xa i-CML yaqala, yayisifo esibulalayo. Kodwa emva kokufunyanwa kwe-TKIs, i-CML ngoku ibe sisifo esingapheliyo esinokulawulwa ngamayeza anjengeswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
Kwiiseli ezikwi-bone marrow yezigulane ze-CML, i-enzyme yeTyrosine kinase esiyikhankanyileyo yenziwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kwaye i-switch yayo 'ivuliwe' ngokusisigxina. Ngoko ke i-bone marrow ivelisa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ngaphandle kolawulo. Oku kuthintela ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Ii-TKI, ezifana ne -Imatinib (Gleevec®) , zijolise kuloo enzyme ingaqhelekanga kwaye zicime 'i-switch' yayo 'yokuvula'. Olu luguquko olukhulu kwimbali yonyango lomhlaza.
Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezisetyenziselwa ii-TKI?
Olu nyango lujoliswe kulo ngoku lusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Alusebenzi kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Oku kungenxa yokuba ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezineTyrosine kinase 'evuliweyo'. Oogqirha bathatha i-biopsy yeeseli zomhlaza baze babone ukuba banayo na le molekyuli inokujoliswa kuyo. Kuphela ukuba iyasebenza, baya kuyinika eli yeza.
Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zomhlaza ezinyangwa nge-TKIs.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza wegazi (i-Leukemia) | Iintlobo ezifana ne-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) kunye ne-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). |
| Umhlaza wemiphunga | Ingakumbi kwizigulane ezine-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) kunye ne-genetic mutations ezifana ne-EGFR kunye ne-ALK. |
| Umhlaza webele | Kwientlobo ezithile ezifana nomhlaza webele one-HER2-positive. |
| Umhlaza wesisu | Kwimihlaza efana nee-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) ezenzeka esiswini nasemathunjini. |
| Umhlaza wezintso | Ingakumbi kumhlaza wezintso oqhubele phambili. |
| Umhlaza wolusu | Kwimihlaza yolusu efana ne-melanoma ene-BRAF gene mutation. |
Okwangoku, i-FDA yase-US ivumile ii-TKI ezingaphezu kwama-50 zokunyanga iintlobo ngeentlobo zomhlaza. Iyeza lokuqala elivunyiweyo, i-Imatinib (Gleevec®), lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo ezisi-7 zomhlaza.
Ndingalufumana njani olu nyango? Luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
Olu lolunye uncedo olukhulu lonyango. Uninzi lwee-TKI ziza zikwimo yeepilisi okanye ezingamanzi . Ngoko ke akufuneki uhlale esibhedlele uze ufakwe iyeza ngesisombululo setyuwa. Kufuneka usele ipilisi enye okanye ezimbini ngexesha elinye yonke imihla ekhaya.
Ixesha omele ulithathe unyango lixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo, inqanaba lesi sifo, kunye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kumayeza. Umzekelo, ukuba une-CML, unokufuna ukusela amayeza ubomi bakho bonke. Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni ayeke amayeza xa umhlaza ulawulekile.
Masiqaphele nemiphumo emibi.
Ngenxa yokuba ii-TKI ziindlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo, zihlala zineziphumo ezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kune-chemotherapy. Oku kungenxa yokuba zibangela umonakalo omncinci kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi "azinazo iziphumo ezingalindelekanga konke konke." Oku kungenxa yokuba imolekyuli ezijolise kuyo, ebizwa ngokuba yiTyrosine kinase, ayikho kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza, kodwa ikwakho nakwizixa ezincinci kwezinye iiseli eziphilileyo. Ngoko ke ezo seli zinokuchaphazeleka.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye kwaye zixhomekeke nakwiyeza le-TKI elisetyenzisiweyo.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukudinwa: Le yimeko eqhelekileyo efunyanwa ngabantu abaninzi.
- Urhudo: Lunokubangelwa kukonakala kweeseli emathunjini.
- Isicaphucaphu Nokugabha: Abanye abantu banokuba nale meko.
- Amaqhuqhuva esikhumba: Amaqhuqhuva esikhumba, ukoma, kunye nokurhawuzelela zizinto eziqhelekileyo.
- Ukuthanda ukutya nokutshintsha kobunzima: Abanye abantu bancipha, ngelixa abanye benokwanda ubunzima ngenxa yokudumba.
- Ifiva
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho:
Ezinye ii-TKI zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga entliziyweni, esibindini, okanye emiphungeni. Zinokubangela neemeko zesikhumba ezinobungozi, ezifana neStevens-Johnson syndrome , ezichaphazela ulusu. Kodwa ezi aziqhelekanga. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi) yenye ingxaki.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubuza ugqirha wakho ngemiphumo emibi ethile yamayeza owasebenzisayo ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye wazise ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ndingenza ntoni ukuze olu nyango lube lula kum?
Unyango lomhlaza lunokuba lixesha elinzima, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo. Zimbalwa izinto onokuzenza ukuze eli xesha libe lula kancinci.
1. Ukuphumla: Ukudinwa sisiphumo esibi kakhulu. Ngoko ke lala kangangoko unako, phumla emini, kwaye umamele umzimba wakho.
2. Isondlo: Ukutya kunokuba nzima ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokucaphuka. Zama ukutya kancinci amaxesha amaninzi ngemini. Sela iziselo ezininzi ezifana namanzi, ijusi yeziqhamo, iporridge, kunye nesobho. Ukuba unciphisa umzimba okanye utyeba ngokungeyomfuneko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kwingcali yesondlo.
3. Ulawulo lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga: Ukuba unesifo sorhudo, yitya izinto ezifana neoyile, imifuno ephekiweyo kancinci, irayisi, kunye neebhanana. Ukusela iziselo ezifana neJeevani kulungile kakhulu. Ukuba ufumana irhashalala eluswini, sebenzisa i-moisturizer engenaso isepha, engenavumba. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto kwaye ufumane amayeza afanelekileyo.
4. Zilungiselele: Gcina idayari yeempawu zakho kunye nemiphumo emibi. Yibonise ugqirha wakho xa umbona. Khumbula ukuthatha amayeza akho kanye ngexesha olifunayo.
5. Impilo yengqondo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uqinile engqondweni ngeli xesha. Thetha nosapho kunye nabahlobo. Yabelana ngeengxaki zakho. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, funa ingcebiso.
6. Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu: Oku akuthethi ukuba esi sifo asinakunyangwa. Eli liqela leengcali ezikunceda uphile ubomi obutofotofo ngokulawula iimpawu ezifana neentlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokudinwa okuza nonyango lomhlaza. Ungathetha nogqirha wakho ngale nkonzo.
Zithini iingozi zolu nyango?
Nangona ii-TKI zisebenza kakuhle kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki zinokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Eyona iphambili kukukhula kokuxhathisa .
Ngamafutshane, iiseli zomhlaza ziiseli ezinobuqhetseba kakhulu. Xa zinikwe iyeza elifanayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, zinokutshintsha zibe ziintsholongwane ezichasene nelo yeza. Kanye njengokuba iibhaktheriya zichasene nee-antibiotics. Xa oko kusenzeka, iyeza le-TKI elalisebenza kakuhle ekuqaleni lisenokungasebenzi.
Kodwa ayisosiphelo sehlabathi. Ngenxa yokuba izazinzulu ziyazi oku, ngoku kukho ii-TKI "zesizukulwana sesibini" kunye "nesizukulwana sesithathu" ezinokunikwa xa kuvela ukuxhathisa. Ngoko ke ukuba iyeza elinye alisebenzi, ugqirha wakho unokukutshintshela kwenye i-TKI.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- IiTyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) luhlobo oluthile lwesiyobisi olujolise kwaye luthintele inkqubo yokubonisa elawula ukukhula nokwahlukana kweeseli zomhlaza.
- Ngenxa yokuba ezi ziindlela zonyango ezijolise kuzo, azibangeli monakalo mkhulu kwiiseli eziphilileyo kwaye zineziphumo ezibi ezimbalwa kune-chemotherapy yendabuko.
- Ekubeni la mayeza eza kwifomu yeepilisi okanye engamanzi, kulula kakhulu ukukwazi ukufumana unyango ekhaya.
- Nemihlaza ebulalayo efana ne-CML ngoku iye yaba zizifo ezingapheliyo ezinokulawulwa ngenxa yala mayeza.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokudinwa, urhudo, kunye nokurhawuzelela kolusu zinokubakho. Xela ugqirha wakho naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ngoko nangoko.
- Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iiseli zomhlaza zinokunganyangeki liyeza, kodwa kukho ii-TKI ezintsha ezikhoyo kwiimeko ezinjalo.
- Nangona la mayeza engawunyangi ngokupheleleyo umhlaza, anokunceda kakhulu abantu ukulawula esi sifo baze baphile ixesha elide benomgangatho olungileyo wobomi.
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