Ingaba umbono wakho uya ufiphala? Ngaba ubona amabala amnyama phambi kwamehlo akho? Kusenokuba yi-Wet Macular Degeneration!

Ngaba nawe uvakalelwa kukuba amehlo akho ayatshintsha kancinci njengoko ukhula? Ngamanye amaxesha xa ujonga incwadi okanye iphephandaba, ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba oonobumba abacacanga, okanye uvakalelwa kukuba ubona izinto kufutshane? Nangona ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezenzeka njengoko ukhula, ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokuba yinto ekufuneka uyixhalabele ngakumbi. Ewe, le yimeko embi eyenzeka ngaphakathi kweliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-wet macular degeneration, okanye `(Wet Macular Degeneration - WMD)`. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje.

Yintoni i-Wet Macular Degeneration?

Ngamafutshane, ukuwohloka kwe-macular okumanzi luhlobo olubi kakhulu noluphucukileyo lwe- Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), imeko echaphazela amehlo ethu njengoko sikhula. Ngoku usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba yintoni i-ARMD. Yimeko ebangela umonakalo kwi-macula , inxalenye yeliso esinceda sibone ngokucacileyo njengoko sikhula.

Ngoko ke, xa le meko iba mandundu, oko kukuthi, xa kuvela i-wet macular degeneration (WMD), imithambo yegazi emitsha, kodwa engentle, iqala ukwakheka phantsi kwe-membrane ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina ngaphakathi kweliso. Ngenxa yokuba le mithambo yegazi mitsha ibuthathaka kakhulu, iqala ukuvuza igazi kunye nolwelo. Eli gazi kunye nolwelo oluvuzayo lunokonakalisa iiseli kwi-retina kwaye lubangele ukulahlekelwa ngumbono wethu, ngakumbi umbono ophakathi . Ukuchaneka, oku kukubonayo xa ujonge phambili.

Khawucinge nje, xa ujonga ubuso bomntu, ubuso obuphakathi bubonakala bungacacanga, kwaye awukwazi ukubona izinto ezibujikelezileyo. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kweli tyala.

Oku kuphuma kwegazi kunokubangela ukuba kubekho izicubu ezibomvu. Oku kungonakalisa ngakumbi i-macula, okubangela ukuba umbono ube mbi ngakumbi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kuphuma kwegazi kunye nezicubu ezibomvu kunokubangela ukulahleka kombono okusisigxina. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuqatshelwe kwaye kunyangwa kwangethuba , lo monakalo osisigxina unokuthintelwa, okanye umbono ungathintelwa ukuba ube mbi ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ingcali yamehlo (ophthalmologist) ngokukhawuleza.

Amanye amagama asetyenziswa ngoogqirha kwesi sifo ngu-"exudative macular degeneration" kunye no-"neovascular macular degeneration." Igama elithi "Exudate" ligama lezonyango elithetha "ulwelo oluvuzayo." Kulapho eli gama livela khona.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Umngcipheko wokuba `(ARMD)` uyanda njengoko sikhula. Enyanisweni, yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukulahleka kokubona kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Malunga ne-10% ukuya kwi-20% yabantu abane-`(ARMD)` bakhula bemanzi `(WMD). Oko kuthetha ukuba phakathi kwe-10 ne-20 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela banesifo esi.

Zithini iimpawu zokuwohloka kwe-macular emanzi?

Le meko `(WMD)` ibangela ukulahleka kombono ophakathi ngaphandle kwentlungu.Omabini amehlo anokuchaphazeleka, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha elinye iliso lichaphazeleka kakhulu kanti elinye lichaphazeleka kancinci.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziphambili:

• Ukubona amabala amnyama okanye izinto ezidada phambi kwamehlo .
• Umbono ofipheleyo , ingakumbi xa ujonge kufutshane.
• Ukubona imibala ngendlela efipheleyo okanye enciphileyo . Usenokungakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka notyheli.
• Umbono ogqwethekileyo/utshintsho olubonakalayo . Umzekelo, imivalo yefestile ingabonakala ngathi yoluliwe.
• Ukubona izinto ezincinci kunokuba zinjalo ngokwenene (i-micropsia) .
• Iindawo ezimnyama zokubona .
• Amabala angaboniyo/amabala abonakala esikhumbeni .
• Ukulahleka ngokupheleleyo kombono ophakathi, kusele umbono ongaphandle kuphela .

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini izizathu zokuwohloka kwe-macular emanzi?

Kunzima ukuchonga unobangela omnye wale meko, ``(WMD).`` Endaweni yoko, izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ziyadibana ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okufumana esi sifo.

Nazi ezinye zezo zinto zinobungozi kunye nezinto ezinegalelo:

• Ubudala : Njengoko ukhula, amathuba okuba ube nohlobo oluthile lokuwohloka kwe-macular ayanda.
• Impembelelo yemfuza kunye nembali yosapho : Utshintsho oluthile (utshintsho) kwiimfuza (i-DNA) ozizuze kubazali bakho lunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-WMD. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nesi sifo, unokuba naso.
• Uhlanga : Abantu abazalwa eYurophu basengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa isifo (WMD). Abantu abazalwa eAfrika banamathuba amancinci okuphuhlisa esi sifo.
• Isondlo : Ukunqongophala kweevithamini ezithile (ingakumbi iivithamini C kunye no-E) , iiminerali ( i-copper kunye ne-zinc ), kunye nezinto zevithamini A okanye izondlo ezinxulumene noko (i-beta-carotene, i-lutein, i-zeaxanthin) kunokubangela i-WMD.
• Indawo ekuyo : Ukuba uhlala kufutshane ne-ikhweyitha, unethuba lokukhanya ngokubanzi. Oku kungaba negalelo.
• Eminye imikhwa : Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunokunceda ekuphuhlisweni kwe-(WMD).
• Ezinye iimeko zempilo : Iimeko ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu (i-hypercholesterolemia), uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu), kunye nesifo sentliziyo (isifo sentliziyo) zinokuba negalelo kwi-WMD. Kusekho ubungqina obuhlukeneyo bokuba isifo seswekile (i-Diabetes Mellitus - Uhlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2) nazo ziyanceda na.

Zithini iingxaki zesi sifo?

Eyona ngxaki iphambili yokuwohloka kwe-macular emanzi kukulahlekelwa yimbono ephakathi.Ukuba abanyangwa, phakathi kwama-80% nama-90% abantu abane-WMD ekugqibeleni baya kulahlekelwa kukubona kwabo kangangokuba bathathwe njengabangaboniyo ngokusemthethweni. Oko kukuthi, ukubona kwabo kuyaphazamiseka kangangokuba abakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ungayixilonga njani i-wet macular degeneration?

Ingcali yamehlo, umzekelo ingcali yamehlo okanye ingcali ye-retina, ingaxilonga i-WMD isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Inyathelo lokuqala luvavanyo lwamehlo oluqhelekileyo . Ngeli xesha, banokujonga ngqo kwi-retina yakho. Oku kungenziwa kusetyenziswa isixhobo esiphathwa ngesandla esibizwa ngokuba yi-ophthalmoscope , okanye ngokuvula i-pupil yakho kwaye wenze uvavanyo lwesibane esiqhekekileyo . Bangasebenzisa negridi elula ebizwa ngokuba yi-Amsler grid eye test . Oku kunokukunceda uchonge naziphi na iimpazamo ekuboneni kwakho (igridi ibonakala inwebeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwi-retina yakho).

Ukongeza kuvavanyo lwamehlo kunye novavanyo lwesibane esiqhekekileyo, ugqirha wamehlo angenza uvavanyo lwemifanekiso olungenalo uhlaselo. Olu vavanyo lunokujonga izakhiwo zangaphakathi kunye nemithambo yegazi ngasemva kweliso lakho. Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezinokwenziwa ziquka:

• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) : Oku kufana ne-scan ethatha imifanekiso enqamlezileyo yangaphakathi kweliso.
• I-Fluorescein angiography : Oku kuquka ukufaka idayi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho nokuthatha imifanekiso njengoko idlula kwimithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso lakho.
• I-Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) : Olu luvavanyo olusebenzisa olunye uhlobo lwedayi, olufana nolwangaphambili.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Ukuwohloka kwe-macular emanzi sisifo esinokunyangwa kakhulu ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba . Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokunyanga i-WMD: amayeza kunye neenkqubo ze-laser .

Amayeza asebenza ngokuthintela iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yiVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) , esetyenziswa yimizimba yethu ukwenza imithambo yegazi emitsha. Xa i-VEGF ivaliwe, imithambo yegazi emitsha iyayeka ukwakheka. La mayeza anikwa ngokujova ngqo esweni lakho . Musa ukoyika, nangona besithi ajovwe esweni lakho, aphelile ngokufaka iliso lakho iintlungu kangangokuba awuziva.

Nazi ezinye iintlobo zamayeza athintela i-VEGF:

• `I-Aflibercept`
• `I-Bevacizumab`
• `Brolucizumab`
• `Faricimab`
• `Ranibizumab`

Injongo yonyango lwelaser lwe-WMD kukuyeka ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuyinciphisa. Ukuba ungenza utyando lwelaser kuxhomekeke ekubeni imithambo yegazi emitsha ikwindawo ephi phantsi kwe-macula yakho kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukujova ngoku kuxhaphake kakhulu kunonyango lwelaser.

Ingcali yakho yamehlo ingakuchazela ngcono iindlela zonyango lwakho. Ulwazi abalunikayo lolona lufanelekileyo kwaye luluncedo kwimeko yakho ethile . Baza kukuxelela nangemiphumo emibi okanye iingxaki ezinokubakho kunye nonyango oluya kukunceda kakhulu.

Iyintoni ingqikelelo yokonakala kwe-macular emanzi?

Imbonakalo yemeko `(WMD)`, oko kukuthi, indlela eza kuphila ngayo okanye indlela eza kuba yiyo umbono, ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Nazi:

• Hayi indlela embi ngayo imeko yakho ye-`(WMD)`.
• Uphi umonakalo kwi-macula yakho?
• Iindlela zonyango onokuzifumana, okanye osele uzifumana.
• Ezinye iingxaki zempilo onazo.

Ngenxa yokuba zininzi izinto ezichaphazela umbono wakho, indlela ojonga ngayo izinto inokwahluka kakhulu. Ingcali yakho yamehlo inokukuxelela ukuba indlela ojonga ngayo izinto iya kuba njani ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho ethile .

Ngaba ukuwohloka kwe-macular emanzi kunokuthintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba kukho izinto ezininzi kunye nezinto ezinobungozi ezinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-`(WMD)`, akunakwenzeka ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuyiphuhlisa okanye ukulibazisa ukuphuhliswa kwayo.

Ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu onokuzenza ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa i-AMD ukuqala xa une -dry macular degeneration, uhlobo lwe-AMD olungenzima kangako. Nazi ezinye iindlela ugqirha wakho wamehlo anokucebisa ngazo:

• Sebenzisa igridi ye-Amsler yonke imihla . Ugqirha wakho wamehlo angakunika igridi ye-Amsler ukuze uyisebenzise ekhaya aze akubonise indlela yokuyisebenzisa. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye ukuphazamiseka ekuboneni kwakho, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nogqirha wakho wamehlo ngokukhawuleza. Ukwenza njalo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokonakala kwe-retina okungenakuguqulwa kunye nokulahleka kokubona.
• Ndwendwela ugqirha wakho wamehlo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo . Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni isifo solusu oluneziphene kwasekuqaleni.
• Thatha izongezo zokutya zemihla ngemihla . Ezi zihlala ziqulathe ivithamin C, ivithamin E, i-copper, i-zinc, i-lutein, i-zeaxanthin, kunye ne-beta-carotene. (Musa ukuthatha i-beta-carotene ukuba uyatshaya, kuba inyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.)
• Yeka ukusebenzisa icuba, okanye ungaliqalisi . Oku kuquka zonke iintlobo zokusebenzisa icuba/i-nicotine, kuquka i-vaping kunye necuba elingenamsi. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ngezixhobo zokukunceda uyeke.
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga. Ukuvezwa lilanga kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-macular degeneration (MWD). Iiglasi zelanga zinokunciphisa imiphumo yokukhanya kwelanga emehlweni akho.
• Hlala ukhuthele . Ukuzilolonga kunceda impilo yakho ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka nempilo ye-retina yakho.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni . Uninzi lwezinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokukhula (WMD) zinxulumene nempilo yakho iyonke yomzimba.

Kukho ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukuthintela ukulahleka kokubona ngenxa ye-WMD. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nento onokuyenza, buza ugqirha wakho wamehlo. Yena angakunika isikhokelo kunye nezixhobo ezinokukunceda.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndine-wet macular degeneration?

Xa uqala ukulahlekelwa kukubona ngenxa ye (WMD), oku kunokuphazamisa kakhulu. Kunokuchaphazela amandla akho okuphila ngokuzimela kunye nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Ukuba sele ungaboni ngenxa ye-`(WMD)`, kusekho izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzincede. Nazi:

• Buza ugqirha wakho wamehlo malunga nokulungiswa kombono ophantsi . Oku kufana nonyango lomzimba okanye lomsebenzi, kodwa kukwamehlo akho. Olu hlobo lokulungiswa lukufundisa ukuba ulungelelane kwaye usebenzele utshintsho olusembonweni wakho osele unalo.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo kunye netekhnoloji . Izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphantsi ezifana neeglasi zokukhulisa okanye iilensi zinokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nemisebenzi ibe lula. Izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezifana nee-apps zefowuni okanye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki zinokukunceda ukuba ulungelelane nokulahlekelwa kwakho kukubona okanye utshintsho. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokukunika iingcebiso ezithile kunye nolwazi malunga nezixhobo (zobugcisa obuphezulu okanye zobuchwepheshe obuphantsi) ezinokuba luncedo kuwe.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo kunye noncedo olufumanekayo kuwe . Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo, kunokubakho urhulumente kunye nemibutho ezimeleyo enokukunceda kwiimfuno zakho zemihla ngemihla. Ukusebenzisa le mibutho kunokukunceda uphile ngokuzimela kwaye kwenze ubomi bakho bube lula.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wamehlo?

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kucebisa ishedyuli yokutyelela kwakhona ukuze alawule imeko yakho ye-WMD kwaye alungise unyango lwakho ukuba kuyimfuneko. Olu tyelelo lubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokubona.

Kwakhona, ukuba ubona utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo amehlo akho, umzekelo, ukuphazamiseka okubonakala xa uvavanya amehlo akho nge-Amsler grid, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nengcali yamehlo ngokukhawuleza .

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wamehlo?

Nantsi eminye imibuzo ongathanda ukuyibuza ingcali yamehlo akho:

• Imbi kangakanani imeko yam ye-`(WMD)`?
• Lingakanani ixesha elinokwenzeka lokulahlekelwa yimbono, kwaye ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa okanye ukunciphisa umonakalo?
• Ngaba indawo etshintshileyo kwi-macula ichaphazela unyango olunokwenzeka okanye amathuba okuba olo nyango luphumelele?
• Ndingawunciphisa njani umonakalo ongaphezulu?
• Zeziphi izixhobo kunye noncedo endinokuzifumana?
• Ngaba ndiza kuzuza kunyango lokubuyisela umbono wam kwimeko yesiqhelo?

Ukubona yinto abantu abaninzi abayisebenzisayo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, rhoqo bengakhange bacinge ngayo. Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono wakho kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo necaphukisayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umonakalo, ukuthintela ukulahleka kombono okungakumbi, kunye nokuziqhelanisa notshintsho olusele lwenzeka.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda ngento onokuyenza ngale meko kukuthetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo. Uza kukukhokela ngamanyathelo kunye notshintsho olunokukunceda. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ujongane nale meko okanye iziphumo zayo wedwa, bakhona ukukunceda.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masishwankathele ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwinto esithethe ngayo:

• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okumanzi (WMD) luhlobo olubi kakhulu lokuwohloka kwe-macular okunxulumene nobudala (ARMD). Yimeko apho imithambo yegazi emitsha nebuthathaka ibumbeka ngaphakathi kweliso, nto leyo enokuvuza igazi kwaye ibangele ukulahleka kombono ophakathi.
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya amabala amnyama phambi kwamehlo, umbono ofipheleyo, kunye nombono ofipheleyo. Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba oku kuqatshelwe kwangethuba, kunokunyangeka . Kukho amayeza amehlo, iinaliti, kunye nonyango lwelaser.
• Kukho izinto onokuzama ukuzithintela , njengokutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukunxiba iiglasi zelanga, kunye nokufumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo.
• Ukuba unale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho wamehlo kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zakhe. Kukwakho neendlela kunye nezixhobo ezinokukunceda uphile ubomi obungaboni kakuhle.

Ngoko ke, ukunyamekela amehlo akho kusezandleni zakho. Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye iingxaki, ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Ukuwohloka kwe - macular, ukuwohloka kwe-macular okumanzi, i-WMD, i-ARMD, ukubona ngamehlo, izifo zamehlo, i-macula