Khawucinge ngomntu obenengxaki yokudakumba okukhulu kangangeminyaka engama-25. Uzame onke amayeza kunye nonyango olufumanekayo, kodwa akukho siqabu. Badiniwe bubomi kwaye abakwazi nokuvuka esofeni. Ungandikholelwa ukuba bendinokukuxelela ukuba iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-'Ketamine' libanike ubomi obutsha? Le yinto eye yenzeka kwabanye abantu. Kodwa emva kwebali ngalinye lempumelelo, sikwava ngabantu abalahlekelwe bubomi babo ngokusebenzisa kakubi eli yeza. Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye iKetamine? Ngaba iyanceda kwizifo zengqondo ezifana nokudakumba? Ngaba ifanelekile ingozi? Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Yintoni iKetamine?
Ngamafutshane, iKetamine ngokwenene yi-anesthetic. Oko kukuthi, iyeza elibangela ukozela. Eli yeza, elaqala ukusetyenziswa ukuthomalalisa izilwanyana ngeminyaka yoo-1960, lavunywa yi-US FDA ukuba lisetyenziswe ebantwini ngo-1970. Lalikwasetyenziswa ukunyanga amajoni alimele kwiMfazwe yaseVietnam.
Umzekelo, xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo, emva kokuhlangula umntu owayeza kuzibulala, kukho amaxesha apho eli yeza linikwa kwi-ambulensi ukulawula ukuxhalaba kwakhe. Kwakungenxa yeziganeko ezinje apho oogqirha baqala ukuqonda amandla alo okulwa nokudakumba. Khawuthelekelele, emva kokunika iKetamine umntu owayeza kutsiba ebhulohweni aze amthomalalise, malunga neenyanga ezili-9 kamva uthi, "Andizange ndicinge ngokuzibulala kwiinyanga ezili-9." Njengoko amabali amaninzi anjengala eqokelelana, oogqirha bacinga, "Mhlawumbi kukho into ethile kule nto."
Kodwa kukho icala elibi koku. I-Ketamine sisiyobisi abanye abantu abasisebenzisayo ukuze banxile. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-'Special K', 'Super K'. Iyafakwa kwi-injection, yongezwe kwiziselo, kwaye isetyenziswe kwi-cigarettes.
I-Ketamine inokubangela iimvakalelo zexeshana zokuba awukho kwindawo efanelekileyo, umbono ogqwethekileyo kunye neemvakalelo, iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga ngomzimba wakho, iingcinga ezingaqhelekanga, kunye novuyo. Oogqirha bathi oku 'ngamava okwahlukana'.
Olu lwazi luhlala malunga neeyure ezimbini. Lufanele luthathwe kuphela phantsi kweliso likagqirha. Oku kungenxa yokuba lunemingcipheko emikhulu efana nokulahlekelwa yingqondo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci . Ukuba lusetyenziswa gwenxa, lunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zexesha elide ezifana neengxaki zesinyi kunye nokuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi.
Ndingalufumana njani unyango lweKetamine?
Okwangoku, unyango olulodwa oluvunyiweyo yi-FDA lokudakumba sisitshizi sempumlo esenziwe nge-ketamine esibizwa ngokuba yi-Esketamine. Sinikwa kuphela kwikliniki eqinisekisiweyo kubantu abanesifo sokudakumba esixhathisa unyango abangakhange baphendule ubuncinane kwezinye izitshizi ezimbini zokudakumba. Emva kokuba isigulana sinikwe isitshizi, sijongwa ngabasebenzi bezonyango kangangeeyure ezimbini.
Ezinye iindlela, ezifana ne-intravenous (IV) Ketamine, azikavunywa yi-FDA kunyango lwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha basebenzisa le ndlela phantsi kweliso lezonyango, ngokusekelwe kulwazi lophando, kubantu abangakhange baphendule kwamanye amayeza.
- Unyango: Izigulana zihlala zinikwa imixube emithandathu ye-IV kwiiveki ezintathu.
- Idosi: Idosi kufuneka imiselwe ngokuchanekileyo, njengoko kukho uluhlu oluncinci kakhulu lweedosi ezisebenzayo ekudandathekeni kodwa kungekhona kwi-anesthesia.
- Ukujonga: Ugqirha uza kuba khona yonke imizuzu engama-40 yokusetyenziswa kwe-IV nangaphaya. Baza kuba bekulungele ukunceda ngoko nangoko ukuba isigulana sifumana naluphi na usizi okanye ukudideka.
Ivakalelwa njani ngexesha lonyango?
Abantu abafumene olu nyango bachaza amava ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ibhinqa eligama linguKrista, eliye lahlushwa kukudandatheka nokuxhalaba ukususela ebuntwaneni, kamva lafumana i-PTSD kunye nentlungu engapheliyo. Uthi ngaphambi konyango lweKetamine, ezi zifo zazilawula ubomi balo.
"Ngexesha lonyango, ndandiziva ngathi ndikwihambo yokomoya. Ndaziva ndifudumele, ndikhuselekile, kwaye ndiqinisekile. Ndaziva ngathi yonke into enzima engqondweni yam yayisuswa kumaleko ngamaleko. Ndaziva ngathi ndinamandla endalo yonke ezandleni zam."
UJeff, umntu ebesithethe naye ngaphambili, uchaze amava akhe ngale ndlela: "Kwakungathi ndidada echibini lamanzi. Yayilixesha lokuqala ndiqonda intsingiselo yegama elithi 'indawo eyonwabileyo'. Yonke into enxulumene nobomi bam bokwenyani yanyamalala, kwaye andizange ndive ubunzima endandibuthwele kuyo yonke indawo."
Emva konyango, njengoko iziphumo zeKetamine ziphela, ezinye iikliniki zikwanika incoko nesigulana ukuze sibancede badibanise oko bakufundileyo kumava abo ebomini babo. Oku kunika isigulana ithuba lokuthetha ngemiba yakudala kunye nentlungu.
I-Ketamine iyichaphazela njani ingqondo?
Into emangalisayo kukuba asikuko 'amava okwahlukana' owafumanayo ngexesha lonyango azisa isiqabu kuxinzelelo. Loo mpumlo uza emva koko. Oko kukuthi, indlela ingqondo yakho esabela ngayo emva kokusebenzisa iKetamine lunyango.
Cinga nje ngale ndlela:
Kubantu abanesifo sokudakumba esinzima ixesha elide, ezinye zeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokunxibelelana (ii-synapses) ezithumela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni ziyalahleka. Uphando lufumanise ukuba kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuthatha idosi yokuqala ye-ketamine, ezi ndlela zokunxibelelana ezilahlekileyo ziqala ukukhula kwakhona. Okukhona ezi ndlela zokunxibelelana zikhula, kokukhona kukhululeka kakhulu kwisifo sokudakumba.
Ngamanye amazwi, iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikwiingqondo zethu ezibandakanyekayo kwimo yethu zisebenzisa ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-"glutamate" ukuze zinxibelelane. Abanye abantu abanesifo soxinzelelo banee-receptors ezibuthathaka ezingqondweni zabo ezisabela kwi-"glutamate." I-Ketamine isebenza ngokwakha kwakhona ezi receptors kwaye incede iiseli zemithambo-luvo ukuba zinxibelelane kakuhle kwakhona.
Xa unxibelelwano lobuchopho lulungiswa ngale ndlela, kwanemithi yokudakumba okanye unyango lwengqondo ebelungasebenzi ngaphambili lunokuqalisa ukusebenza.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengozi?
Nokuba isetyenziswa phantsi kweliso likagqirha, iKetamine inokuba nemiphumo emibi.
| Uhlobo lwesiphumo esibi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elifutshane (ngexesha lonyango) | Ukozela, isicaphucaphu, ukunyuka okuncinci koxinzelelo lwegazi, isiyezi, kunye 'namava okwahlukana' (ukuziva ngathi izinto zingaqhelekanga/azikho ngokoqobo). |
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide (ezivela ekusetyenzisweni gwenxa nokusetyenziswa kakhulu) |
|
Umngcipheko wokulutha
Ewe, iKetamine liyeza elinokuba ngumlutha. Kodwa oogqirha bathi xa inyangwa phantsi kweliso elifanelekileyo lezonyango kwaye ngokwemigaqo echanekileyo, umngcipheko wokulutha uphantsi kakhulu. Umngcipheko uvela xa umntu eqala ukuyisebenzisa ngeenjongo zakhe ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unemeko engxamisekileyo ebandakanya iKetamine okanye ezinye iziyobisi, yiya kwangoko kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Ukuba ufuna ingcebiso malunga nokutyhefa, fowunela iZiko loLwazi lweeTyhefu leSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo .
Ngubani lo ungafanelekanga?
Unyango lwe-ketamine lusenokungafaneleki kubantu abanembali yokusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi kunye nezifo zengqondo ezifana ne-schizophrenia. Abantu abanesifo se-bipolar kufuneka balumke kakhulu, njengoko i-Ketamine ingenakubangela i-manic episode. Oku kufuneka kugqitywe ngugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Ketamine ayisiyonto ixhaphakileyo yokuthomalalisa uxinezeleko. Liyeza elinamandla kakhulu nelithomalalisa iintlungu.
- Olu nyango kufuneka lusetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kweliso elingqongqo lezonyango kwiimeko ezithile, ezinje ngokudakumba okukhulu, ezingasabelanga kwezinye iindlela zonyango.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ketamine ngeenjongo zokuzonwabisa okanye zokuzonwabisa kuyingozi kakhulu. Kungakhokelela ekubeni umlutha, ukugula kakhulu emzimbeni nasengqondweni, kwanokufa.
- I-Esketamine (isitshizi sempumlo) okwangoku lolona nyango luvunyiweyo yi-FDA, kwaye lunikwa kuphela kwiikliniki eziqinisekisiweyo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unengxaki yokudakumba okukhulu, musa ukwenza izigqibo malunga nonyango lweKetamine wedwa, kodwa qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngale nto ixesha elide nogqirha wakho kwaye uqonde zonke izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.
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