Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci unomkhuhlane ophezulu ongehliyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa? Kuyoyikisa kangakanani kumama okanye utata ukubona umntwana wakhe ebuhlungu kakhulu, enerhashalala kunye nomkhuhlane ongehliyo nasemva kokuba emnike i-paracetamol? Ngamaxesha anje, sihlala sicinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane obangelwa yintsholongwane. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, isenokuba "yisifo sikaKawasaki," esingakasiva kangako kodwa esifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo. Ngoko masiqaphele oku namhlanje.
Yintoni isifo sikaKawasaki?
Ngamafutshane, isifo sikaKawasaki sisifo apho imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu idumba okanye ivuvukale. Sidla ngokubonakala kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Enyanisweni, isifo sikaKawasaki sesona sibangela siphambili sesifo sentliziyo kubantwana abancinci.
Kodwa ungoyiki. Nangona oku kunokuvakala kusoyikisa, ukuba esi sifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye unyango olufanelekileyo luqalisiwe, uninzi lwabantwana luyaphila ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kweengxaki. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi iimpawu nokubona ugqirha ngexesha.
Kutheni esi sifo senzeka? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Izazinzulu azikayazi imbangela echanekileyo yesi sifo, kodwa zikholelwa ukuba zininzi izinto ezinokubangela esi sifo. Ezi ziquka:
- Utyekelo lwemfuza (iiGene): Abanye abantwana basenokuba notyekelo oluncinci lokufumana esi sifo ngenxa yendlela abadalwe ngayo iigenes zabo.
- Iintsholongwane: Kucingelwa ukuba le meko isenokubangelwa kukusabela kwindlela umzimba osebenza ngayo emva kosulelo oluthile lwentsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane.
- Izinto ezisingqongileyo: Izinto ezifana neekhemikhali ezithile ezikwindawo esingqongileyo nazo zinokuba nefuthe.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba isifo sikaKawasaki asisuleli , ngoko ke ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana esi sifo, akufuneki ukhathazeke ngokusisasaza kwabanye abantu ekhayeni lakho.
Kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko onokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwesi sifo:
- Ubudala: Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, ingakumbi phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 kunye neminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
- Isini: Abafana banamathuba amancinci okufumana esi sifo kunamantombazana.
- Ubuhlanga: Kufunyaniswe ukuba abantwana baseAsia nasePacific Islander banamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba sikuqaphele ngakumbi oku.
Zithini iimpawu zesifo sikaKawasaki?
Iimpawu zesi sifo zinokuvela ngequbuliso, kwaye zinokubonakala nangamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
| Amanqanaba aphambili eempawu | |
|---|---|
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
| Isigaba sokuQala | |
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Umkhuhlane uphezulu kune-38.3 Celsius (101 Fahrenheit). Uhlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-5 zilandelelana . Amayeza omkhuhlane aqhelekileyo awawunciphisi umkhuhlane. |
| Urhawuzelelo | Ihlala ibonakala esifubeni, emilenzeni, nakwindawo engaphakathi. |
| Ubomvu bamehlo | Amhlophe emehlweni aba bomvu, kodwa umhluzi awuphumi emehlweni. |
| Utshintsho lomlomo, ulwimi, nomqala | Imilebe iyawoma, iqhekeke, ibe bomvu bumnyama. Ulwimi lusenokudumba kwaye lube namaqhuma abomvu afana nestrawberry (ekwabizwa ngokuba "lulwimi lwestrawberry"). Umphimbo usenokuba buhlungu. |
| Ukudumba kwezandla neenyawo | Iintende zezandla kunye neenyawo ziba bomvu kwaye zidumbe. |
| Iindlala ezidumbileyo | Ii-lymph nodes entanyeni ziyavuvukala. |
| Isigaba sesibini | |
| Ukuxobuka kolusu | Malunga neeveki ezi-2-3 emva kokuqala kwesi sifo, ulusu olusezinyaweni nasezinyaweni luqala ukuxobuka. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Iintlungu zamalungu, iintlungu zesisu, ukuhlanza, kunye norhudo zinokwenzeka. |
Kwinqanaba lesithathu, ezi mpawu ziyaphela kancinci kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iiveki ezisi-8 ukuba umntwana aphile ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane ophezulu ohlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-4-5 kwaye unezinye iimpawu ezifana nezi, ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha.
Isifo seKawasaki kunye ne-COVID-19
Abanye abantwana abafumana i-COVID-19 banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C)". Iimpawu zaso (ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba) zifana kakhulu nesifo sikaKawasaki. Ngoko ke ukuba uqaphela ezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha womntwana wakho ngaso.
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Ugqirha uza kuqala ahlole umntwana wakho ngononophelo aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Ekubeni kungekho vavanyo luthile lokufumanisa isifo, ugqirha uza kujonga ubuncinane iimpawu ezi-4 kwezi-5 zilandelayo kunye nomkhuhlane ohlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-5:
1. Amehlo abomvu
2. Ukutshintsha komlomo nolwimi (omile, oqhekekileyo, imilebe ebomvu kunye nolwimi lwesitrobheli)
3. Ukuhlazisa umzimba
4. Ukudumba kwentamo
5. Ukudumba kunye nokubomvu kwezandla neenyawo
Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze kuthintelwe ezinye iimeko zempilo kunye nokubona ukuba intliziyo iye yachaphazeleka na sesi sifo.
- Uvavanyo lwentliziyo: ``I-Electrocardiogram - EKG``, ejonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo, kunye ne``Echocardiogram``, ejonga ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo. Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ukudumba kunye nezinye izifo emzimbeni.
- Ezinye iimvavanyo: I-X-ray yesifuba okanye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-coronary angiogram yokujonga imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni (imithambo ye-coronary) nayo inokwenziwa.
Iphathwa njani?
Umkhuhlane, ukudumba, kunye nentlungu ebangelwa sesi sifo zinokuba yinto engathandekiyo kumntwana. Kwakhona, ngenxa yemiphumo enokuba nayo entliziyweni, unyango lwesi sifo ludla ngokwenziwa esibhedlele.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango:
1. I-Immunoglobulin Efakwa Emthanjeni (IVIG):Olu lunyango olunikezelwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Lune-antibodies, uhlobo lweproteni enceda umzimba ukuba ulwe nosulelo. Xa lunikwa kwangethuba isifo, olu nyango lunokunciphisa ukudumba kwimithambo yegazi kwaye luthintele umonakalo omkhulu onokwenzeka entliziyweni.
2. I-Aspirin: Ugqirha ucebisa i-aspirin ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu kunye nokuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
Isilumkiso esibaluleke kakhulu: Ungaze unike abantwana abancinci i-aspirin ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. I-aspirin inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwiimeko zezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane, ezifana ne-dengue. Olu lunyango lwesifo seKawasaki olufanele lunikwe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso yengcali.
Emva konyango, ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana imeko efana ne-aneurysm yemithambo yentliziyo, unokucelwa ukuba uthabathe i-aspirin encinci kangangeeveki ezimbalwa okanye ngaphezulu. Kwakhona, nokuba uphumile esibhedlele, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka umse umntwana wakho kutyelelo olulandelayo njengoko ugqirha eyalele.
Ngaba esi sifo singabangela iingxaki?
Kuyaqondakala ukuba nabani na angakoyika ukuva oku, kuba yinto enxulumene nentliziyo. Kodwa eneneni, ukuba inyangwa ngokukhawuleza, uninzi lwabantwana luyaphila ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kweengxaki zexesha elide.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezinye iingxaki zinokubakho, ingakumbi ukuba unyango lulibaziseka.
- Ukungaqhelekanga kwi-heart rhythm (dysrhythmia)
- Ukudumba kwemisipha yentliziyo (i-myocarditis)
- Ukonakala kwevalvu yentliziyo (mitral regurgitation)
- Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi (i-vasculitis)
Ezi zinokubangela ukuba iindonga zemithambo yegazi entliziyweni zibe buthathaka kwaye zidumbe njengeebhaluni (ii-aneurysms). Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi kwixesha elizayo, ukopha ngaphakathi, kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
Kodwa khumbula, ezi ziingxaki ezingaqhelekanga. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, le ngozi ingancitshiswa ngaphezulu kwama-95%. Yiyo loo nto sisithi makubone ugqirha ngexesha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sikaKawasaki sisifo esinokunyangeka, kodwa esinokunyangeka esichaphazela abantwana abancinci kwaye sifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
- Lumka iimpawu ezinje ngamehlo abomvu, amaqhakuva, imilebe ebomvu nolwimi, kunye nokudumba kwezandla neenyawo, kunye nomkhuhlane ophezulu ohlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-5.
- Ukuba ubona ezi mpawu, musa ukoyika okanye ukoyika, kwaye mse umntwana wakho kugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokuthintela umonakalo entliziyweni.
- Ungaze unike abantwana i-aspirin ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokulandelelana, umntwana wakho unokuphila ubomi obusempilweni ngaphandle kweengxaki.
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