Izinto okudingeka uzazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa!

Uma ucelwa ukuthi uhlole izidakamizwa, okubizwa nangokuthi 'Ukuhlolwa Kwezidakamizwa', kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile. 'Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?' 'Kuzokwenzekani?' Kungase kuvele imibuzo eminingi engqondweni. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa kuyini ngempela, ukuthi kwenziwa nini, kwenziwa kanjani, nokuthi ungayiqonda kanjani imiphumela. Uma uzazi kahle lezi zinto, ungagwema ukwesaba okungadingekile.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa?

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ukuhlolwa okusebenzisa isampula yemvelo emzimbeni wakho - into efana nomchamo, igazi, izinwele, noma amathe - ukuthola ukuthi usebenzise yini izidakamizwa ezisemthethweni noma ezingekho emthethweni. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene futhi kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Uma sithi izidakamizwa, asisho nje kuphela utshwala nogwayi osemthethweni, kodwa futhi nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, imithi kadokotela, kanye nemithi engekho emthethweni. Kodwa into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuhlolwa okukodwa kwezidakamizwa akukwazi ukusho ukuthi umuntu ubelokhu esebenzisa izidakamizwa isikhathi esingakanani noma ukuthi uzisebenzisa kangakanani. Okusho ukuthi, kunzima ukunquma ukuthi umuntu usebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokungahleliwe noma unenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Izinga imizimba yethu egaya ngalo imithi ehlukene liyahlukahluka. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze eminye imithi itholakale emzimbeni siqondene nomuthi ngamunye futhi singahluka kakhulu. Njengamanje, isivivinyo esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu sokuthola umuthi ukuhlolwa kwemithi yomchamo (UDT).

Kunini lapho kufanele ngithathe khona ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa?

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani ungafuna ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

Ukuhlolwa Kwendawo Yomsebenzi

Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukwenziwa endaweni yokusebenza. Abaqashi bangase bacele lokhu kuhlolwa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene:

• Ngaphambi kokuqasha isisebenzi esisha: Ezinye izinhlangano zenza lolu vivinyo ngaphambi kokuqasha isisebenzi esisha.
• Ngesikhathi usemsebenzini: Ezinye izinhlangano zihlola abasebenzi bazo ngokungahleliwe noma ngesheduli.
• Uma kusolwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Uma ukuziphatha noma izimpawu zesisebenzi zibonisa ukuthi sisebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Uma kwenzeka ingozi emsebenzini: Uma isisebenzi sihileleke engozini emsebenzini, lolu phenyo lungenziwa ukuze kutholakale imbangela.

Izizathu Zezokwelapha Nokwelashwa Kokulutheka

Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga, ukwelapha, nokuqapha izinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala kanye nezinye izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umuntu usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni, ukuthi uhlala engaphuzile, noma ukuthi usephinde waphuza utshwala.

Lezi zivivinyo zingadingeka futhi ngesikhathi sezinhlelo zokwelapha eziyalelwe yinkantolo, izikhathi zokuhlolwa, noma lapho uhlanganyela ezinhlelweni zokwelapha ukuluthwa izidakamizwa.

Ezinye izizathu

Kunezinye izimo lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa.

• Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuxilonga: Odokotela bangenza lokhu kuhlolwa ukuthola imbangela yezimpawu zomuntu, noma esimweni esiphuthumayo uma besola ukuthi uphuze kakhulu izidakamizwa noma ushevu. Isibonelo, uma umuntu elahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo, lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi uke wathatha noma yimiphi imithi.
• Ngezinjongo zomthetho: Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zomthetho ukuqoqa ubufakazi obuhlobene nobugebengu, ukuphenya amacala okuhlukunyezwa kwengane noma ukubeka engozini, nokunquma ukuthi othile ushayela ephuze utshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa.
• Ukuqapha Ukusetshenziswa Kabi Kwezidakamizwa Ngodokotela: Uma uthatha umuthi omlutha kakhulu futhi ovame ukusetshenziswa kabi, njenge-opioids, udokotela wakho angase akucele lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze abone ukuthi ungakanani lowo muthi emzimbeni wakho.
• Kwabadlali: Abasubathi abangochwepheshe kumele bahlolwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi basebenzise yini izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukusebenza noma ezinye izinto okukholelwa ukuthi zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ezikhona?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa kwemithi, kuye ngokuthi isampula yezinto eziphilayo isetshenzisiwe kanye nohlobo lomuthi ohlolwayo.

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa ngokwesampula:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwemithi Yomchamo (UDT): Lokhu kuhlolwa okuvamile kakhulu . Kudinga isampula yomchamo wakho. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola izinto ezifana notshwala, ama-amphetamine, ama-benzodiazepine, ama-opioid, i-cocaine, kanye nensangu (THC).
• Ukuhlolwa Kwemithi Yegazi: Odokotela basebenzisa lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe ukuthola izinga eliqondile lotshwala (i-ethanol) ngoba kunganikeza ukufundwa okunembile.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwemithi Yezinwele Ze-Follicle:Isampula yezinwele ingakutshela ukuthi umuntu ubesebenzisa izidakamizwa isikhathi eside. Izinwele ezivela ekhanda zingabona ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu. Izinwele ezivela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba zingakubona kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-12! Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngohlobo lwezinwele. I-Cocaine, i-Phencyclidine (PCP), ama-Amphetamine, ama-Opioids, kanye ne-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) kungatholakala kusetshenziswa le ndlela.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwemithi Yokuphefumula: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukubona ukuthi umuntu usanda kuphuza utshwala yini. Umphumela ubizwa ngokuthi i-Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC). Izikhulu zisebenzisa lokhu ukulinganisa okuqukethwe kotshwala egazini lomuntu (BAC). Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi inani le-BrAC lingaba phezulu noma liphansi kunenani le-BAC. Ucwaningo olusha luyenziwa futhi ukuze kubonwe ukuthi izinto ezifana ne-cocaine, insangu, i-benzodiazepines, ama-amphetamines, ama-opioid, i-methadone, ne-buprenorphine zingatholakala yini ekuphefumuleni.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwemithi Yokujuluka: Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka iphedi yokumunca esikhumbeni bese uyisusa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ukuze uyihlole. Lokhu kunikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuthi umuntu usebenzise umuthi ongakanani phakathi nesikhathi sonke i-phedi egqokiwe. Ukuhlolwa kokujuluka kungathola ukusetshenziswa kwemithi esikhathini esingamahora kuya kwamasonto.

Yini etholwa ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa?

Uma umuntu edla umuthi, umuncwa usuka emgudwini wethu wokugaya ukudla bese usatshalaliswa emzimbeni wonke. Ngemuva kwalokho, isibindi sethu nezinye izitho zomzimba ziyawubhidliza umuthi, noma ziwugaye. Ngenxa yale nqubo yokugaya ukudla, umuthi uguqulwa ube amanye amakhemikhali. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-metabolites. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umuthi kanye/noma ama-metabolites awo ayasuswa emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi emchameni.

Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwemithi ukuhlola ukuba khona kwemithi ethile kanye/noma ama-metabolites ayo kusampula yezinto eziphilayo (isib. umchamo, igazi).

Le nqubo ye-metabolic yenzeka ngamazinga ahlukene ngomuthi ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esithathwa umuthi ngamunye kanye nama-metabolite awo ukutholwa ngokuhlolwa sihlukile.Cabanga ukuthi eminye imithi, njenge-amphetamines, ingatholakala emchameni njengomuthi ongumzali. Kodwa-ke, kweminye imithi eminingi, ama-metabolites ayo angatholakala isikhathi eside kunemithi engumzali.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa kungathola umuthi owodwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, kaningi, imithi eminingi ihlolwa kusampula efanayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwephaneli yezidakamizwa. Izinhlobo zemithi ezifakiwe kuleli phaneli ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesizathu sokuhlolwa, kodwa iphaneli evame ukusetshenziswa ukuthola ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okungekho emthethweni ivame ukubheka lezi zinto ezinhlanu:

• Ama-Amphetamine
• I-Cocaine
• Insangu (iHemp)
• Ama-opioid
• I-Phencyclidine `(PCP)`

Ezinye izinto ezivame ukuhlolwa yilezi:

• Utshwala (i-ethanol)
• Imithi yokucindezeleka
• Ama-Barbiturates
• Ama-Benzodiazepine
• I-Fentanyl
• I-Heroin
• I-Hydrocodone
• I-Methadone
• I-Methamphetamine
• I-Morphine
• I-Nicotine ne-cotinine (etholakala kugwayi)
• I-Oxycodone

Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ekhaya?

Yebo, zikhona. Kunezinye izinsiza ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlole isampula yomchamo ekhaya, mathupha. Ezinye izinsiza zingase zisebenzise ngisho nomoya, amathe, noma izinwele. Kodwa-ke, ukunemba kwale mikhiqizo akufani, okusho ukuthi ingahluka. Ngokuvamile ayizweli njengokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kunikeza umphumela ongemuhle, isampula efanayo ingase isanikeze umphumela omuhle uma ithunyelwa elebhu.

I-American Academy of Pediatrics yeluleka abazali ukuba bagweme ukuhlola izingane zabo izidakamizwa ekhaya. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukuhlolwa ekhaya akunciphisi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Kukhona futhi ingozi yokuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ekhaya ingachazwa kabi. Lokhu kungathinta kabi nobudlelwano phakathi kwezingane ezincane nabazali.

Ngingakulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa?

Empeleni, akukho okudingeka ukwenze ngokuqondile ukuze ulungiselele ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa esimweni esiphuthumayo, kuhlelwe kusengaphambili, noma kungahleliwe (isibonelo, njengesidingo esiqhubekayo endaweni yokusebenza).

Kuye ngesimo, ungase ubuzwe nganoma yimiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ozithathayo, njengoba eminye imithi ingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Yini ongayilindela lapho uthatha ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa?

Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa kungenziwa ngesampula encane yegazi lakho, izinwele, amathe, umoya, noma, ngokuvamile, umchamo (umchamo).

• Ukuze uthole isampula yomchamo: Kuzodingeka uchamele esitsheni esihlanzekile osinikeziwe. Kwezinye izimo, ungase ucelwe ukuthi unikeze isampula yomchamo phambi komhlengikazi noma uchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isampula ingeyakho ngempela.
• Ukuze uthole isampula yegazi: Umuntu oqeqeshwe ukuthatha amasampula egazi (i-phlebotomist) uzothatha inani elincane legazi emthanjeni osesandleni sakho noma esandleni sakho.

Ngemva kokuthathwa kwesampula, ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlaziywe.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa?

Isikhathi esithathwayo ukuthola imiphumela ekuhlolweni kwezidakamizwa siyahlukahluka, kuye ngesizathu sokuhlolwa (isb., isimo esiphuthumayo, okuhlobene nomsebenzi), kanye nohlobo lokuhlolwa.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komchamo negazi ivame ukutholakala ngokushesha kunemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezinwele.

Buza esikhungweni esicele ukuhlolwa ukuze uthole ukuthi ungalindela nini imiphumela.

Iyini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ivame ukubikwa njenge-'positive' noma 'negative'.

• Umphumela omuhle usho ukuthi umuthi utholakala ebangeni lokubhekisela elichazwe esivivinyweni noma ngaphezulu kwalelo.
• Umphumela ongemuhle usho ukuthi umuthi okukhulunywa ngawo awutholakalanga, noma wawungekho ezingeni elanele ukukhiqiza umphumela omuhle.

Ithini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa?

Kunezinto eziningana okufanele uzikhumbule lapho uchaza imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa.

Ukuqonda umphumela omuhle

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa omuhle usho ukuthi umuntu wayenenani elithile lesidakamizwa emzimbeni wakhe ngesikhathi esithile. Umphumela omuhle awusho ukuthi umuntu wayedakiwe ngaleso sikhathi, futhi awusho ukuthi unesifo sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezidakamizwa kuphumela kumphumela omuhle, ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa kuvame ukudingeka. Lokhu kuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa uhlobo oluhlukile lwendlela yokuhlola izidakamizwa. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yemiphumela engalungile - okungukuthi, umuntu ongakaze asebenzise izidakamizwa kodwa osenomphumela omuhle - futhi kwandisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa okuphelele.

Eminye imithi nokudla nakho kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Isibonelo, ukudla imbewu ye-poppy kungabangela umphumela omuhle ekuhlolweni kwe-opioid. Ngokufanayo, ukuthatha eminye imithi ebandayo ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela kungabangela umphumela omuhle we-phencyclidine (PCP).

Ukuqonda Umphumela Ongemuhle

Umphumela ongemuhle ekuhlolweni kwezidakamizwa umane usho ukuthi umuthi okukhulunywa ngawo awutholakalanga. Lokhu kungaba ngoba izinga lomuthi belingaphakeme ngokwanele ukuthi utholakale, noma ngoba umuthi usetshenziswe ngaphandle kwefasitela lokutholwa. Kodwa-ke, umphumela ongemuhle awukususi ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwakamuva noma ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Imiphumela engemihle engamanga – okungukuthi, ukuhlolwa okuthi ‘cha’ noma umuntu esebenzise izidakamizwa – kungenzeka ngezizathu eziningana:

• Isampula ayiqoqwanga kahle noma ukuhlolwa akwenziwanga kahle.
• Umuntu okukhulunywa ngaye uzama ukukopela esivivinyweni (isib., ukunikeza isampula yomchamo womunye umuntu).
• Ukwehluleka ukuhlola umuthi okukhulunywa ngawo ngokuhlolwa okuthile (isb., ukuhlolwa kwe-amphetamine akutholi zonke izinhlobo ze-amphetamine).

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa kusetshenziswa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Uma kufanele uhlolwe ngezidakamizwa, kungaba yinto ekucindezelayo kancane. Kodwa khumbula, odokotela nezikhulu bahlaziya le miphumela ngokucophelela futhi bazame ukuyiqonda. Ezimweni eziningi, uma umphumela omuhle ubuya, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisayo ukuze kuqedwe amathuba okuba nomphumela ongalungile.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nenqubo yokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa noma isikhathi semiphumela, zizwe ukhululekile ukubuza umuntu o-ode ukuhlolwa noma udokotela. Kuyilungelo lakho. Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kahle lokhu.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezidakamizwa , Ukuhlolwa Kwezidakamizwa, Izidakamizwa, Utshwala, Izinhlobo Zokuhlolwa, Ukuhlolwa Komchamo, Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi, Imiphumela Yezidakamizwa