Uke wezwa ngegciwane iWest Nile? Ake sixoxe ngalo ngokuningiliziwe!

Cishe uke wezwa ngezifo ezisakazwa omiyane. Njengomkhuhlane we-dengue. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngegciwane elisakazwa nayizinambuzane, kodwa lihlukile kancane. Libizwa ngokuthi i-West Nile Virus. Abanye abantu abatholi izimpawu ezinkulu kulo, kodwa abanye abantu bangagula kancane. Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi liyini leli gciwane laseWest Nile, lisakazeka kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani.

Iyini le Virus yaseWest Nile?

Kalula nje, i-West Nile iyigciwane elingena emizimbeni yethu lapho umiyane usiluma. Esikhathini esiningi, abantu abaningi ababonisi zimpawu . Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu obonisa izimpawu. Cishe, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu uzobhekana nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile (ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane we-West Nile) njengomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba . Akuvamile kakhulu, leli gciwane le-West Nile lingathinta uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa, lithelele ubuchopho noma umgogodla futhi libangele izimo ezimbi kakhulu (`(Encephalitis)` noma `(Meningitis)`).

Ibizwa ngokuthi 'iWest Nile' ngoba leli gciwane laqala ukutholakala esifundeni 'seWest Nile' e-Uganda.

Igciwane le-West Nile livame kangakanani?

Igciwane laseWest Nile liyigciwane elitholakala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Libikwe ezindaweni eziningi ezifana neNyakatho Melika, iYurophu, i-Afrika, iMpumalanga Ephakathi, i-Australia, kanye ne-Asia. Eqinisweni, yileli gciwane elivame kakhulu elithwalwa omiyane e-United States . Amacala abikwe kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingu-49 lapho. Selokhu kwabikwa amacala okuqala lapho ngo-1999, abantu abangaphezu kuka-51,000 babonise izimpawu.

Ziyini izimpawu zegciwane laseWest Nile?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi hlobo luni lwezimpawu eziboniswa yileli gciwane uma livela. Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, akubona bonke abantu abathola izimpawu. Kodwa ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani kulabo abazitholayo.

Izimpawu ezivamile ezifana nomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane waseWest Nile)

Izimpawu abantu abaningi ababhekana nazo zifana nomkhuhlane ovamile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane waseWest Nile .

• Ungase ube nomkhuhlane .
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu lingase libe libi kakhulu.
• Imisipha emzimbeni wami izwakala sengathi iyabuhlungu .
• Kungase kube nesicanucanu nokuhlanza .
• Abanye abantu bangase babe nendle ekhululekile (uhudo) .
• Kungase kube nokuqubuka kwesikhumba . Lokhu kuvame kakhulu esifubeni nasemhlane.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele angase avuvuke.
• Ungase uzwe nomphimbo obuhlungu .
• Kungase kube nobuhlungu ngemuva kwamehlo .

Izimo ezimbi ezithinta ubuchopho (i-encephalitis yaseWest Nile kanye ne-meningitis)

Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu nesikhathazayo . Kodwa khumbula, lokhu kuyenzekaKubantu abambalwa kakhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zici.

• Ungase ube nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu nelingabekezeleleki .
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-39.5, noma ama-degree Fahrenheit angu-103) .
• Intamo eqinile . Kuze kube yilapho ungakwazi ukuletha isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho.
• Kungase kube nokudideka . Kungase kubonakale sengathi ukuqonda kwakho kuyehla.
• Imisipha iba buthakathaka .
• Ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungalawuleki (ukuthuthumela noma ukudlikizela) . Njengokuthuthumela noma ukuba nesithuthwane .
• Kungase kube nokuquleka .
• Ukukhubazeka kusho ukulahlekelwa yingxenye yomzimba.
• Ungaphinde ube yi-coma , okusho ukuthi ulahlekelwa ingqondo.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .

Yini ebangela igciwane laseWest Nile?

I-West Nile igciwane eliyilungu leqembu lama-"Arboviruses." Kalula nje, ama-"Arboviruses" angama-virus ahlasela ama-arthropod - izilwane ezinemilenze ehlangene, okuhlanganisa nezinambuzane. Liyi-"RNA virus" futhi liyilungu lomndeni wama-"Flavivirus". Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngomkhuhlane we-Dengue, umkhuhlane ophuzi, kanye negciwane le-Zika. Lawo magciwane nawo angowomndeni wama-"Flavivirus".

Igciwane laseWest Nile lisithelela kanjani?

Isakazeka kakhulu ngokulunywa umiyane onegciwane . Omiyane bavame ukuthola igciwane enyonini enegciwane. (Abukho ubufakazi okwamanje bokuthi abantu bangatheleleka ngqo ezinyonini.) Igciwane libe selizala, noma likhule, ngaphakathi komiyane. Igciwane libe selingena emzimbeni wakho lapho lowo miyane uluma wena noma esinye isilwane.

Isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze leli gciwane lingene emzimbeni futhi libonise izimpawu, ezaziwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokufukamela , ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi singaba izinsuku eziyi-14.

Akuvamile kakhulu, okungukuthi, akuvamile kakhulu, ukuthi igciwane laseNtshonalanga yeNayile lidluliselwe ngezinye izindlela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Kusukela kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni esibelethweni.
• Ngobisi lwebele.
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi.
• Ukufakelwa isitho somzimba.

Ingabe igciwane laseWest Nile lidluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu liye komunye?

Lokhu kubalulekile. Igciwane laseWest Nile alisabalali kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye . Lokho kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukulithola ngokuthinta, ukukhuluma, noma ukuthinta into esetshenziswe ngumuntu onesifo. Lisakazwa kuphela omiyane (ngaphandle kwezimo ezingavamile kakhulu, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla).

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane we-West Nile?

Nakuba omiyane bengaluma noma ubani, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu uma bethola igciwane laseWest Nile. Ungase ube sengozini enkulu ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala .
• Uma ungumuntu ofakelwa isitho somzimba .
• Uma umuntu ehlushwa umdlavuza .
• Uma unesifo sikashukela .
• Uma une-high blood pressure (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) .
• Uma unesifo sezinso .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yegciwane laseWest Nile?

Abantu abangaphansi kuka-1% abangenwe yigciwane laseWest Nile (cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-150) baba nezimpawu ezinkulu . Inkinga evame kakhulu ukuvuvukala kwezingxenye zesimiso sethu sezinzwa (ubuchopho nomgogodla). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-encephalitis" (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho) kanye ne-"meningitis" (ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho nomgogodla).

Ngemva kokutheleleka okukhulu kwe-West Nile, kungase kube nemiphumela ethile yesikhathi eside . Isibonelo:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo .
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa .
• Ubunzima bokuhamba noma ukushintsha kwendlela yokuhamba (izinkinga zokuhamba) .
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha .
• Ukusabela okungavamile .
• Ukucindezeleka .

Igciwane laseWest Nile litholakala kanjani?

Uma unezimpawu ezingathi sína, udokotela wakho angase ahlole igazi lakho noma uketshezi lomgogodla (CSF) ukuze abone ukuthi unesifo segciwane laseWest Nile. Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukwenziwa kuphela uma ugula kakhulu. Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala ebuchosheni, udokotela wakho angase enze i-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) noma i-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ukuze athathe izithombe zobuchopho bakho.

Igciwane laseWest Nile liyalashwa kanjani?

Ngeshwa, ayikho imithi ethile yokulwa namagciwane yokwelapha igciwane laseWest Nile. Uma unezimpawu ezincane, njengomkhuhlane ovamile, ungazilapha ekhaya. Ungasebenzisa imithi ethengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC), njengemithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu, njengoba nje ubungenza ngomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane.

Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu ezinkulu zemizwa , uzolaliswa esibhedlela futhi uqashwe odokotela. Bazokwelapha izimpawu zakho, noma bangenza izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Uma unesifo sokuwa , uzonikezwa imithi yokuvimbela ukuwa .
• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumulaKunikezwa umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, noma kuxhunywe umoya womoya ngomshini .
• Uma umzimba uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, kunikezwa uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (IV) .
• Ama-corticosteroids anganikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
• Uma ungakwazi ukudla wedwa, unganikwa ukudla ngepayipi (ukuncelisa ngepayipi) .

Ungazivikela yini egciwaneni laseWest Nile?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Akukho muthi wokugomela okwamanje wokuvimbela igciwane laseWest Nile . Ngakho-ke, into engcono kakhulu esingayenza ukuzivikela ekulunyweni omiyane . Kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ukuze senze lokho:

• Gwema izikhathi eziyingozi kakhulu : Hlala endlini ngangokunokwenzeka ngezikhathi lapho omiyane bevame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa, lapho ilanga lishona.
• Sebenzisa isibulali-zinambuzane : Uma uphuma ngaphandle, fafaza isibulali-zinambuzane ezindaweni eziveziwe zomzimba wakho noma ezingutsheni zakho. Kungcono ukukhetha lezo eziqinisekiswe ukuthi ziyasebenza yizinhlangano ezifana ne-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
• Mboza isikhumba sakho : Uma uphuma ngaphandle, gqoka izingubo ezilula, njengebhulukwe elide kanye namahembe anemikhono emide, ukuze umboze umzimba wakho ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Susa amanzi amile : Hlanza njalo noma yiziphi izindawo lapho amanzi angaqoqana khona, njengezindawo zokugeza izinyoni, amapayipi avaliwe, kanye nezindawo lapho amanzi eqongelele khona.
• Vimbela omiyane ukuthi bangangeni endlini yakho : Gcina iminyango namafasitela evikelwe, noma uwagcine evaliwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Qaphela lapho uhamba noma ulala ngaphandle : uma kungenzeka, lala uvale amafasitela, noma sebenzisa inethi yomiyane ebusuku ukuze uzivikele komiyane.

Ingabe igciwane laseWest Nile lizolapheka unomphela?

Yebo, amasosha omzimba amaningi abantu angalwa negciwane laseWest Nile . Izimpawu ezincane, njengomkhuhlane, zivame ukuphela ngokwazo. Kodwa-ke, uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukususa igciwane. Futhi, umonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa olubangelwa ukutheleleka okukhulu kweWest Nile ungaba unomphela, noma ngabe igciwane seliphelile.

Igciwane le-West Nile lihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izimpawu ezincane zegciwane laseWest Nile zivame ukunyamalala ngokuphelele phakathi namasonto ambalwa . Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukukhathala kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha kungahlala izinyanga. Ngemva kokutheleleka kwesimiso sezinzwa, izimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, kanye nobunzima bokuhamba zingaba isikhathi eside noma zingapheli .

Ingabe igciwane laseWest Nile liyabulala?

Lokhu kuyethusa kancane. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-10 othola ukutheleleka kwesimiso sezinzwa uzofa.Sekukonke, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-1,500 abathola igciwane laseWest Nile uyafa. Lokho kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi libulale uma liba libi kakhulu .

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba negciwane laseWest Nile, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Angakutshela ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Uyafuna yini ukwenza isivivinyo noma cha?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezingathi sína nokuthi ungazinaka kanjani?
• Indlela yokuzinakekela ekhaya.
• Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini futhi?

Kufanele uye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha :

• Uma unekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu .
• Uma unomkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kwama-39.5 Celsius).
• Uma intamo iqinile , iqina kangangokuthi isilevu asikwazi ukulethwa esifubeni.
• Uma kukhona ukudideka noma ukulahlekelwa ingqondo.
• Uma imisipha yakho ibuthakathaka noma uthuthumela .
• Uma unesifo sokuwa .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma ubona udokotela, kuyasiza ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba ngibe ngcono?
• Ngingazilawula kanjani izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezingathi sína okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Kufanele ngiphinde ngikubone nini futhi?

Amaphuzu amafushane okufanele uwakhumbule

Nakuba omiyane bevame ukucasula nje, ngezinye izikhathi bangathwala amagciwane angasenza sigule. Ngenhlanhla, abantu abangu-80% abathola igciwane laseWest Nile abanazo izimpawu . Futhi kubantu abaningi, ingozi yokugula kakhulu ngenxa yalo iphansi kakhulu.

Uma uya endaweni lapho kukhona khona omiyane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela kubo. Uma uba nezimpawu zegciwane laseWest Nile ngemva kokulunywa umiyane, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela . Angakufundisa ukuthi ungaqaphela kanjani izimpawu ezingathi sína futhi aphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo.

Khumbula, ukuzivikela komiyane kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela egciwaneni laseNtshonalanga yeNayile!

Igciwane laseNtshonalanga yeNayile, Igciwane laseNtshonalanga yeNayile, Omiyane, Umkhuhlane, Ukutheleleka Kobuchopho, Isimiso Sezinzwa, Izimpawu, Ukuvimbela