Ucabangani uma ubuya ohambweni oluya kwelinye izwe, noma ngisho nohambo oluya endaweni enzima eSri Lanka, bese uba nesifo esifana nomkhuhlane, uzizwe ubuthakathaka, bese uba nomkhuhlane? Ngokuvamile, sicabanga ukuthi, “Kumelwe ukuba umkhuhlane wegciwane .” Kodwa-ke, kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu. Umalaleveva ungenye yezifo eziyingozi kangaka. Lesi yisifo esithwalwa omiyane esingaba yingozi empilweni uma singelashwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngomalaleveva ngamazwi alula namuhla.
Kuyini iMalariya?
Kalula nje, umalaleveva yisifo esibangelwa yi-parasite engena emizimbeni yethu ngokulunywa umiyane onegciwane. Lesi sibizwa ngokuthi i-parasite i-Plasmodium . Nakuba umalaleveva ungasasakazeki eSri Lanka, lesi sifo sisabonakala kubantu abaye bavakashela amazwe ase-Afrika, kwezinye izingxenye zaseNingizimu Melika, kanye namazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Eqinisweni, izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zithola umalaleveva minyaka yonke, kanti amakhulu ezinkulungwane ayafa ngenxa yawo. Ngakho-ke akusona isifo okufanele sithathwe kalula. Umiyane odlulisela lesi sifo ubizwa ngokuthi umiyane i-Anopheles. Badinga isimo sezulu esifudumele ukuze bachume. Yingakho bevame kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika nase-Asia.
Izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezibangela umalaleveva
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinambuzane zePlasmodium ezibangela umalaleveva. Uhlobo ngalunye lubangela uhlobo oluhlukile kancane lwesifo. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwezinambuzane | Okukhethekile |
|---|---|
| I-Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) | Lolu uhlobo lwe-malaria olubi kakhulu noluyingozi kakhulu . Lesi silwanyana sanda ngokushesha kakhulu egazini, sibhubhise inani elikhulu lamaseli abomvu egazi. Singavimba nemithambo yegazi emincane ebuchosheni, okubangela inkinga esongela ukuphila ebizwa ngokuthi i-cerebral malaria. |
| I-Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) | Lolu hlobo lungalala ngaphakathi kwesibindi sakho futhi luphinde lusebenze izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka, ngemva kokulunywa umiyane. |
| I-Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) | Lokhu kufana kakhulu nohlobo lwe-vivax futhi kuvame kakhulu eNtshonalanga Afrika naseziQhingini zasePacific. |
| I-Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) | Uma lungelashwa, lolu hlobo lungabangela ukutheleleka okungapheli okuhlala impilo yonke. Lolu hlobo lubonakala emhlabeni wonke. |
I-malaria idluliselwa kanjani?
Lona umjikelezo olula kakhulu. Cabanga nje, umiyane i-Anopheles uluma umuntu onesifo somalaleveva. Bese kuthi izimuncagazi egazini lesiguli zingene emzimbeni womiyane. Bese kuthi, cishe ngemva kwesonto, lezo zimuncagazi zikhule ezindlaleni zamathe zomiyane. Manje, lapho lomiyane uluma umuntu ophilile, lezo zimuncagazi zingena emzimbeni womunye umuntu ngamathe.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umalaleveva awusona isifo esingasakazeka sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye, njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, ngokuthinta, ukwabelana ngokudla, noma ukuthimula. Futhi awudluliselwa ngocansi. Ukuze uwuthole, kufanele ulunywe umiyane onegciwane.
Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, ukuthi ingadluliselwa ngezinye izindlela.
- Ngokunikeza umuntu ophilile igazi elivela kumuntu onegciwane.
- Ngokufaka isitho somuntu esithathelwe yigciwane.
- Ngokwabelana ngezinaliti zomjovo ezingcoliswe igazi elinegciwane.
- Uma umama okhulelwe ethola umalaleveva, umntwana naye angangenwa yileli gciwane.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-malaria?
Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 ngemva kokulunywa umiyane onegciwane. Lezi zimpawu zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane ovamile, ngakho kungaba nzima ukuzibona ekuqaleni.
| Izimpawu ezivamile | Izimpawu zesimo esibi kakhulu (kudingeka iseluleko sezokwelapha esisheshayo!) |
|---|---|
|
|
Okubalulekile: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-malaria, njenge-P. vivax, zingathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili ukuba nezimpawu. Ngakho-ke uma uba nomkhuhlane ngisho naphakathi nenyanga yokuhambela phesheya, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngohambo.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Umalaleveva yisifo esingaba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu . Uma uke waya ezweni elithandwa umalaleveva futhi uba nomkhuhlane noma ezinye izimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha .
Uma unezimpawu ezinzima njengokudideka, ukuxhuzula, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-malaria ngemva kokulalela izimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wohambo lwakho, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze akuqinisekise.
- I-Blood smear: Lolu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu nokunembile. Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho, kufakwe idayi ekhethekile, bese isampula ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amagciwane. Lokhu kunganquma nohlobo lwegciwane nokuthi zingaki ezisegazini lakho.
- Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kokuxilonga (RDT): Lokhu kufana nokuhlolwa kwe-antigen ye-COVID. Kunganikeza imiphumela ngokushesha ngokuhlaba ngomunwe. Kodwa-ke, akukwazi ukuhlonza ngokunembile uhlobo lwegciwane, ngakho-ke kuvame ukudingeka ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR: Lokhu kuhlola ukuba khona kwe-DNA ye-parasite egazini. Lokhu kungahlonza uhlobo lwe-parasite ngokunembe kakhulu.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umalaleveva?
Ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana.
- Uhlobo lwe-parasite osuthelelekile ngalo.
- Ubunzima bezimpawu.
- Lapho utholakale khona lesi sifo (ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini izimuncagazi ezingamelani nemithi kuleyo ndawo).
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhulelwe noma cha.
- iminyaka yakho.
Udokotela uzobheka konke lokhu bese ekunikeza umuthi ofanele kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amaqembu emithi asetshenziswayo yi-`(Chloroquine)` kanye ne-`(Artemisinin-based combination therapy – ACT)`. Ungalokothi uthathe noma yimuphi umuthi ozizwa sengathi ungcono ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Iziguli ezisesimweni esibucayi zilaliswa esibhedlela futhi zelashwa nge-`(IV)` yemithambo yegazi.
Ungazivikela kanjani kumalariya?
Qaphela lezi zinto, ikakhulukazi uma uya ezweni lapho i-malaria ivame khona.
- Gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho kahle: amabhulukwe amade, amahembe anemikhono emide. Nciphisa amathuba okuthi omiyane bakulume.
- Sebenzisa izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane: Faka izithako zokuxosha izinambuzane eziqukethe izithako ezifana ne-DEET noma i-Picaridin esikhumbeni esiveziwe.
- Sebenzisa amanethi omiyane: Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inethi yomiyane uma ulele, ikakhulukazi uma amafasitela engavaliwe.
- Thatha imithi yokuvimbela: Ngaphambi kokuya endaweni evame ukuba nomalaleveva, bona udokotela wakho bese uthola iphilisi lokuvimbela umalaleveva (prophylaxis). La maphilisi kufanele athathwe ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangesikhathi esibekiwe ngemva kohambo.
- Umuthi Wokugomela Umalaleveva: I-World Health Organization manje isincome imijovo ethi `(RTS,S/AS01)` kanye nethi `(R21/Matrix-M)` yezingane esifundeni sase-Afrika, lapho umalaleveva uvame khona. Lokhu kuyimpumelelo enkulu ekulawuleni umalaleveva.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umalaleveva uyisifo esibi kakhulu, esingasongela ukuphila esidluliselwa omiyane abathelelekile.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba ngemva kokuhambela phesheya, ikakhulukazi ezweni lapho umalaleveva uvame khona, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho ngemininingwane yokuhamba kwakho.
- Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.
- Ngaphambi kokuya endaweni lapho kuvame khona umalaleveva, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuzivikela kumalaleveva kanye nemithi yokuvimbela.
Umalaleveva, Omiyane, Umkhuhlane, Izimpawu Zomalaleveva, Ukwelashwa Umalaleveva, Ukuvikelwa Umalaleveva, I-Plasmodium
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho