Kwakuyintambama eshisayo nenomswakama, futhi umtholampilo womphakathi enkabeni yedolobha ophithizelayo wawugcwele imisebenzi. Imindeni yayibuthene ngaphansi kwamatende esikhashana, ilinde ukubona odokotela. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona u-Anil, isisebenzi sokufuduka esineminyaka engu-45 ubudala esangena sinobuso obuphaphathekile nomzimba obuthakathaka, othuthumelayo.
“UDkt. Priya,” ehlebeza njengoba ehlala phansi, “Bengizizwa kabi kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule. Kwaqala ngekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha, kodwa manje angisakwazi ukuyeka ukujuluka , futhi ngizizwa sengathi ngiyasha.”
Ngabona ngokushesha ukuthi ubomvu, ukuphefumula kwakhe okusheshayo, kanye nokujuluka kwakhe kugobhoza ebusweni bakhe. “Ake sikuhlole, Anil,” ngisho, nginomuzwa wokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi sibhekene nesifo esishisayo.
Kuyini iMalariya?
Ngemva kokuhlolwa okusheshayo nokuhlolwa komlando, izimpawu zika-Anil zazikhomba kumalariya, ukutheleleka kwasezindaweni ezishisayo okubangelwa yi- Plasmodium parasite. Ngamchazela, “Umalaleveva udluliselwa ngokulunywa omiyane besifazane abanegciwane i-Anopheles . Lawa magciwane aya esibindini futhi aphindaphindeke ngaphambi kokungena egazini, lapho athelela khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu futhi abangele izimpawu ozizwayo.”
Wayebukeka ekhathazekile. “Kodwa ngiyaqaphela kakhulu ukugcina indawo engizungezile ihlanzekile,” esho.
Ngamqinisekisa. “Ulungile ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha, kodwa omiyane bangachuma ngisho nasemachibini amancane amanzi angami noma ukuluma lapho singakulindele khona, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama njengale.”
I-World Impilo Organization (WHO) ilinganisela ukuthi kwakunezigameko ezingama-241 million zomalaleveva emhlabeni wonke ngo-2020, kanti iningi lamacala agxile e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara kanye nezingxenye ze-Asia.
Ziyini Izimpawu Zomalaleveva?
Ngicele u-Anil ukuthi achaze izimpawu zakhe ngokuningiliziwe. Ubhale:
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- Umkhuhlane ohambisana nokubanda nokujuluka
- Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nesicanucanu
“Lezo izimpawu ze-malaria ezivamile,” ngisho. “Umalaleveva uvame ukuqala ngezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ngemva kwesonto noma ngaphezulu ulunywe umiyane, futhi umkhuhlane uvame ukuza ngokujikeleza.”
Wanqekuzisa ikhanda, wanezela, “Kuzwakala sengathi yisifo esibi kakhulu engake ngaba naso. Ukujuluka nokuthuthumela akubekezeleleki.”
Izimpawu zikamalaleveva zibangelwa ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi yi-parasite, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi kanye nezimpendulo zomzimba ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokubanda.
Itholakala Kanjani I-Malaria?
Ngayala ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuka-Anil ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. “Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kokuxilonga noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwe-microscope kungakhomba ukuba khona kwalesi silokazane,” ngachaza.
“Ingabe ukuhlolwa kuzolimaza?” ebuza ngokwesaba.
“Kuyinto encane nje ukubhoboza igazi,” ngisho. “Imiphumela izosisiza ukuthi sithole ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwegciwane le-malaria elibangela ukugula kwakho.”
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezinambuzane zePlasmodium ezibangela umalaleveva kubantu: i-P. vivax , i-P. ovale , i-P. malariae , kanye ne-P. falciparum . Phakathi kwalezi, i-P. falciparum iyona eyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ingakanani I-Malaria Eyingozi?
Lapho ngikhuluma nge -P. falciparum , amehlo ka-Anil avuleka. “Ingabe isongela ukuphila?”
“Kungaba njalo uma kungelashwa,” ngiphendula ngokwethembeka. “Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umalaleveva ungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nomalaleveva wobuchopho, ukwehluleka kwezinso, kanye nokuntuleka kwegazi okukhulu. Kodwa ngokwelashwa okusheshayo, singayivimbela le miphumela.”
Ngokusho kwe-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), i-P. falciparum inesibopho cishe kuzo zonke izifo ezihlobene nomalaleveva emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi ngemithi yokulwa nomalaleveva kungasindisa izimpilo.
Ilashwa Kanjani I-Malaria?
Njengoba sasilinde imiphumela yokuhlolwa, ngaxoxa ngohlelo lokwelashwa luka-Anil. “Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo sikamalariya, sizokuqala ngemithi yokulwa nomalaleveva ngokushesha,” ngisho.
- Imithi Yokulwa Nomalaleveva : “Imithi evamile ihlanganisa imithi yokwelapha exubile esekelwe ku-artemisinin (ACTs), esebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni ne -P. falciparum .”
- Ukunakekelwa Kwesibhedlela : "Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungadingeka imithi efakwa emthanjeni kanye nokunakekelwa okusekelayo."
U-Anil wabuza, “Ingabe kuzodingeka ngihlale esibhedlela?”
“Akunjalo ngempela,” ngamqinisekisa. “Uma izimpawu zakho zingezimbi kakhulu futhi usabela kahle emithini yomlomo, ungalulama ekhaya. Kodwa sizokuqapha eduze ukuze sibone noma yiziphi izinkinga.”
I-WHO itusa ama-ACT njengokwelashwa kokuqala kwe -P. falciparum malaria okulula ukuyixazulula. Ku -P. vivax kanye ne-P. ovale , umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-primaquine usetshenziselwa ukuqondisa izigaba zesibindi ezilele ze-parasite.
Ingavinjelwa Kanjani I-Malaria?
Ngaphambi kokuhamba, u-Anil wabuza, “Ngingaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi lokhu akuphinde kwenzeke?”
Ngigcizelele ukubaluleka kokuvimbela:
- Amanethi Omiyane : “Lala njalo ngaphansi kwenethi yombhede elashwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokuluma kakhulu ebusuku.”
- Izinto ezixoshayo : “Sebenzisa izinto ezixoshayo ezine-DEET esikhumbeni esiveziwe.”
- Izingubo : “Gqoka imikhono emide namabhulukwe ukuze unciphise ingozi yokulunywa omiyane.”
- Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo : “Susa amanzi amile azungeze ikhaya lakho ukuze ususe izindawo zokuzalela omiyane.”
I-CDC igcizelela ukuthi amanetha okulala alashwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane anganciphisa ukusabalala komalaleveva ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-50, okwenza abe ngelinye lamathuluzi okuvimbela asebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezigcwele umalaleveva.
Ukululama kuka-Anil
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqinisekisile ukuthi u-Anil wayenesifo se-P. vivax malaria, esasingasibi kangako kune -P. falciparum , kodwa sasidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ngemva kokuqala imithi, wabuyela emtholampilo ngemva kwesonto, ebukeka engcono kakhulu. “Ngiyabonga, Dkt. Priya,” esho emomotheka ngokubonga. “Ngizoqinisekisa ukuthi ngiyalandela zonke izeluleko zakho.”
Ukululama kwakhe kwaba yisikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kokuqwashisa, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, kanye nokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele ekulweni nomalaleveva.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomalaleveva
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Ziyini izimpawu zokuqala ze-malaria?
Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zemisipha, kanye nokukhathala, okuvame ukufana nesifo esifana nomkhuhlane. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ukubanda nokujuluka kuya ngokuya kugqama.
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Itholakala kanjani i-malaria?
Umalaleveva utholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, njengokuhlolwa okusheshayo kokuxilonga noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-microscope, ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona amagciwane.
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Ingabe i-malaria ingavinjelwa?
Yebo, umalaleveva ungavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa amanethi okulala alashwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane, imithi yokuxosha omiyane, kanye nemithi yokuvimbela umalaleveva kubahambi abaya ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu.
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Ingabe i-malaria iyathelelana?
Cha, umalaleveva awusabalali kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Udluliselwa ngokulunywa omiyane besifazane abanegciwane i-Anopheles .
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Kwenzekani uma umalaleveva ungelashwa?
Uma ingelashwa, umalaleveva ungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezifana nomalaleveva wobuchopho, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ngisho nokufa, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezibangelwa yi -P. falciparum .
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Ingabe umalaleveva ungaphinde ubuye ngemva kokwelashwa?
Yebo, ezinye izinhlobo zomalaleveva, njengalezo ezibangelwa yi -P. vivax kanye ne-P. ovale , zingaphinde zibuye ngenxa yezilokazane ezilele esibindini. Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe nge-primaquine kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuphinda kubuye.
