Ingabe nawe ubona imibala ngendlela ehlukile? Ake sifunde ngokungaboni imibala ngendlela elula!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi indlela obona ngayo imibala ihlukile kancane endleleni abanye abayibona ngayo? Noma ingabe ingane yakho encane inenkinga yokubona imibala? Mhlawumbe isizathu salokhu ubumpumputhe bombala, isimo lapho ingane ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala kahle. Empeleni lokhu kuyinto ebonakala kubantu abaningi.

Kuyini Ukungaboni Kombala?

Kalula nje, ubumpumputhe bombala, noma 'Ukuntuleka Kokubona Umbala', yilapho ungakwazi ukubona imibala ngendlela abanye abavame ukuyibona ngayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amangqamuzana emizwa akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-cone' ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu awasebenzi kahle. Uyazi, lawa maseli e-cone afana nama-antenna amancane athatha ukukhanya okungena esweni akuthumele ebuchosheni, okuyikho okusivumela ukuthi sibone imibala.

Iningi labantu abangaboni imibala ababoni yonke imibala. Kukhona abantu abayibonayo, kodwa ayivelakancane kakhulu. Iningi labantu lingabona imibala ehlukahlukene, kodwa eminye imibala ibonakala ngendlela ehlukile kuneminye. Bangase babe nobunzima bokuhlukanisa imibala ethile noma imibala yemibala.

Kwabaningi, lesi simo siyinto ezuzwe njengefa kubazali babo. Ikakhulukazi, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungaboni umbala obomvu noluhlaza ludluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya enganeni. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, lesi simo singakhula kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yezinye izifo noma ezinye izimbangela.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningaba nalesi simo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwaso nokuthi sibi kangakanani. Ngakho-ke bonana nodokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo ukuze uxoxe ngaso.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Kwenzekani ngaphakathi kweso? (Isingeniso esifushane ngamaseli e-cone)

Ukuze siqonde izinhlobo ezahlukene zobumpumputhe bombala, ake siqale sifunde kancane ngamaseli e-cone. Cabanga ngawo njengezinzwa zombala ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Atholakala engxenyeni yamehlo ethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-retina.

Ngokuvamile, sonke sinezinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli e-cone emehlweni ethu:

• Amaseli ekhoni azwela obomvu (amakhoni e-L): Lawa yiwo athola ubude be-wavelength obude (uhlangothi olubomvu lokukhanya).
• Amaseli ekhoni azwela okuluhlaza (amakhoni e-M): Lawa athola ubude obuphakathi (uhlangothi oluhlaza lokukhanya).
• Amaseli ekhoni azwela okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (amakhoni ama-S): Lawa athola ubude obufushane be-wavelength (uhlangothi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lokukhanya).

Iningi labantu linazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli e-cone, futhi asebenza kahle. Kodwa kumuntu onenkinga yokwehlukanisa imibala, elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lala maseli e-cone awasebenzi kahle. Yilapho indlela esibona ngayo imibala ishintsha khona.

Manje ake sibheke izigaba eziyinhloko zokubona imibala ngokusekelwe ekutheni mangaki amaseli ekhoni akhona nokuthi asebenza kanjani:

Uma ubona yonke imibala kahle (`i-Trichromacy`)

Lokhu kusho ukuthi unazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli e-cone emehlweni akho, futhi asebenza kahle. Ungabona yonke imibala ku-spectrum yokukhanya okubonakalayo ngokujwayelekile.Lokhu ukubona imibala ngokugcwele.

Umehluko omncane kweminye imibala (`i-trichromacy engavamile`)

Lapha, unezinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli ekhoni, kodwa uhlobo olulodwa aluzweli njengezinye. Lokho kusho ukuthi alukwazi ukubona imibala oluhlotshaniswa nayo. Ngakho awukwazi ukubona imibala ngokujwayelekile. Umuntu onokuntuleka okuncane angabona imibala ekhanyayo. Uma inzima kancane, ngisho nemibala emnyama ekhanyayo ingabonakala ngendlela ehlukile. Lezi zinhlobo zezimo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-anomalies, okusho ukuthi zibonakala kancane.

Ukungakwazi ukubona umbala owodwa nhlobo (`Dichromacy`)

Okwenzekayo ukuthi uzalwa ungenayo enye yezinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli e-cone. Ngakho-ke unezinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli e-cone (ngokuvamile ama-cone abomvu (L) noma aluhlaza (M), kanye nama-cone e-S azwela okwesibhakabhaka). Ubona umhlaba kuphela ngemibala leyo lezo zinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli e-cone ezingayibona. Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa imibala emnyama. Lezi zinhlobo zezimo zibizwa ngokuthi i-anopia, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukubona umbala othile nhlobo.

I-Monochromacy (ayiboni imibala nhlobo)

Lapha unehlobo olulodwa kuphela lweseli lekhoni, noma awekho amaseli ekhoni asebenza kahle. Ngakho ikhono lakho lokubona imibala lilinganiselwe kakhulu, futhi ungase ungaboni nhlobo imibala, futhi umhlaba umpunga nje.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungaboni kombala obomvu noluhlaza okotshani

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungaboni imibala. Luthinta indlela obona ngayo noma yimuphi umbala oxutshwe nobomvu noma oluhlaza. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zalokhu:

• I-Protanopia: Kulesi simo, ama-L cone akho azwela obomvu awatholakali. Ngakho awukwazi ukubona ukukhanya okubomvu. Uvame ukubona imibala njengemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma yegolide. Imibala ehlukene ebomvu ingadidaniswa nomnyama. Unsundu omnyama ungadidaniswa nemibala efana nohlaza okotshani, obomvu, nowolintshi.
• I-Deuteranopia: Yilapho ama-M cone akho azwela okuluhlaza angekho khona. Ngakho awukwazi ukubona ukukhanya okuluhlaza. Ubona kakhulu okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokugolide. Eminye imibala ebomvu ingadidaniswa nemibala eluhlaza. Okuphuzi kungadidaniswa nohlaza olukhanyayo.
• I-Protanomaly: Unazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli ekhoni, kodwa amakhoni e-L awazweli kakhulu kubomvu. Ubomvu bungase buvele njengompunga omnyama , futhi yonke imibala equkethe obomvu ingase ibonakale ingakhanyi kangako.
• I-Deuteranomaly: Unazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli ekhoni, kodwa amakhoni e-M awazweli kangako koluhlaza. Uvame ukubona imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ephuzi, kanye nemibala engavamile.

I-'Protanopia' kanye ne-'Deuteranopia' ziyizibonelo ze-'Dichromacy' okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambilini (ukungabikho kombala owodwa nhlobo). I-'Protanomaly' kanye ne-'Deuteranomaly' ziyizibonelo ze-'Anomalous trichromacy' (umehluko omncane kweminye imibala).

Ungase uzwe namagama athi "protan" kanye nelithi "deutan". Lawa amagama afushane asetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala ebomvu-eluhlaza. Igama elithi "Deutan" libhekisela koluhlaza (kungaba amaseli akho e-M cone azwela okuluhlaza abuthakathaka noma cha). Igama elithi "Protan" libhekisela kobomvu (kungaba amaseli akho e-L cone azwela okubomvu abuthakathaka noma cha).

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kwabesilisa?

Lokhu kungaboni kombala obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuvame kakhulu kwabesilisa. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi i-gene yalokhu iku-chromosome X. Njengoba wazi, abesilisa bane-chromosome X eyodwa, kanti abesifazane bane-chromosome X ezimbili. Ngakho-ke uma owesilisa ene-gene enenkinga kuleyo chromosome X eyodwa, uzoba nalesi simo. Kodwa noma owesifazane enesici ku-chromosome X eyodwa, singanqotshwa yi-gene enempilo kwenye i-chromosome X.

Ubumpumputhe bombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi

Ubumpumputhe bombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi (obubizwa nangokuthi 'ubumpumputhe be-tritan') abuvamile kakhulu njengobumpumputhe obubomvu noluhlaza okotshani. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu:

• I-Tritanopia: Awunawo ama-S cone azwela okwesibhakabhaka. Ngakho awukwazi ukubona ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uvame ukubona obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, opinki, kanye no-lavender.
• I-Tritanomaly: Unazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli e-cone, kodwa ama-S cone awazweli kakhulu koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubonakala kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti okuphuzi kungase kube lufifi kakhulu noma kungabonakali nhlobo.

Lokhu kungakwazi ukubona imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyaphuzi kuthinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane ngokulinganayo.

Izimo ezingavamile kakhulu

Lokhu kumayelana nezinhlobo ezimbili ezingavamile kakhulu, okungukuthi, ezingavamile ukubonwa, zokubona imibala.

Amaseli ekhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela asebenzayo (`ikhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elilodwa`)

Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Lapha, awunawo ama-L cone azwela obomvu noma ama-M cone azwela oluhlaza asebenza kahle. Unama-S cone azwela oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela. Ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa imibala, futhi uvame ukubona imibala empunga kuphela. Kanye nalokhu, ezinye izinkinga zamehlo ezifana ne-photophobia, i-nystagmus, kanye nokubona eduze nazo zingavela.

Isimo sokungaboni noma yimiphi imibala (`Achromatopsia` noma `Rod monochromacy`)

I-Achromatopsia yilapho wonke noma iningi lamaseli akho e-cone engekho, noma engasebenzi kahle. Ubona konke njengemibala engwevu. Lokhu kungabangela nezinye izinkinga zokubona ezingathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo? Sivame kangakanani?

Ukungaboni kombala okubangelwa ukuzalwa kuvame ukuthinta abesilisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuzuzwa njengefa ngephethini yezakhi zofuzo (ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-X-linked recessive'). Lesi simo esizuzwe njengefa sivame kakhulu kwabesilisa.

Futhi, lesi simo singakhula kamuva ngenxa yezifo ezithile, imithi, noma izici zemvelo. Singenzeka kunoma ubani.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kuvame kangakanani.

Phakathi kwabantu bozalo lwaseNyakatho Yurophu, ubumpumputhe bombala obomvu noluhlaza buthinta cishe indoda eyodwa kwayi-12 kanye nowesifazane oyedwa kwayi-200. Lezi zinombolo ziyahlukahluka ngokohlanga. Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu baseYurophu.

Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile:

• Ukuntuleka kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi kuthinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-10,000.
• Isimo sokungaboni mibala (`Achromatopsia`) sithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-30,000.
• I-blue cone monochromacy ithinta umuntu oyedwa kuphela kubantu abayi-100,000.

Sekukonke, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-300 emhlabeni wonke banohlobo oluthile lokungaboni imibala (ikakhulukazi obomvu-oluhlaza).

Yiziphi izizathu zokungakwazi ukubona imibala?

Ukungaboni imibala kungazuzwa njengefa noma kutholakale kamuva ekuphileni. Izimbangela zakho kokubili zihlukile.

Izimbangela zokuzalwa (ithonya lezakhi zofuzo)

Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zakho yisona sizathu sokuzalwa kwakho unesifo sokungaboni imibala.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungaboni kombala obomvu noluhlaza luzuzwa nge-chromosome X (`ifa elixhumene ne-X`). Lolu hlobo lwesimo esizuzwe njengefa luvame ukuthinta abafana futhi aluvamile emantombazaneni. Nansi indlela elula yokuchaza ukuthi ukungaboni kombala obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuzuza kanjani njengefa:

Kwengane yesilisa:

• Uma umama enalesi simo, ingane nayo izosizuza njengefa.
• Uma umama engumthwali (okusho ukuthi yinye kuphela kuma-chromosome kanina angu-X enalesi sici sofuzo, kanti enye iphilile, ngakho umama akanazo izimpawu), ingane inethuba elingu-50% lokuthola lesi simo njengefa.
• Uma ubaba kuphela enalesi simo, ingane yesilisa ngeke ithole ifa laso. Ngoba ubaba unikeza izingane zesilisa i-chromosome Y, kanti izingane zesifazane i-chromosome X.

Kwentombazane:

• Uma bobabili umama nobaba benalesi simo, ingane nayo izosizuza njengefa.
• Uma ubaba enalesi simo, kodwa umama engenaso (umama akayena umthwali), ingane izoba ngumthwali.
• Uma ubaba enalesi simo kanti umama naye engumthwali waso, ingane inethuba elingu-50% lokuthola lesi simo njengefa noma ithuba elingu-50% lokuba ngumthwali waso.

Izimbangela ezitholiwe

Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona zokungaboni imibala (ngokuvamile ukungaboni imibala okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-ophuzi) ezikhula kamuva ekuphileni. Lezi zifaka:

• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali alimaza uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa. Isibonelo, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, izingxube zezinyibilikisi, kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo.
• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekukhanyeni ngenkathi kushiselwa.
• Eminye imithi. Isibonelo, umuthi obizwa ngokuthi 'i-hydroxychloroquine' (lokhu kunikezwa izifo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis).
• Izifo zamehlo. Izibonelo: ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala (i-AMD), i-glaucoma, kanye ne-cataracts.
• Izifo ezithinta ubuchopho bakho noma uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa. Izibonelo zifaka: Isifo sikashukela i-Mellitus, isifo se-Alzheimer, kanye ne-Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Ukungaboni imibala okuthuthuka kamuva ekuphileni akuvamile kangako kunalokho okukhona lapho umuntu ezalwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ukubona kanjani?

Uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, ungase ube nohlobo oluthile lokungaboni imibala:

• Ubunzima bokuhlukanisa nokubona imibala ethile noma imibala ethile.
• Ushintsho endleleni ukukhanya kweminye imibala okubonakala ngayo.

Kodwa ukuze uqaphele lezi zimpawu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi udinga ukuzibheka. Ngokuvamile, abantu abanenkinga yokungaboni imibala abazi ngakho ngoba bebelokhu bebona imibala ngendlela efanayo. Ngakho abaqapheli ukuthi kunomehluko endleleni ababona ngayo imibala.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amehlo engane yakho ahlolwe kahle futhi ahlolwe ukuthi awanawo umbala ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikole. Ngoba imibala isetshenziswa ezivivinyweni eziningi nasezifundweni esikoleni. Izingane ezibona imibala ngendlela ehlukile zingaba nesikhathi esinzima ngalezi zinto. Uma ubeka uphawu lokuthi kukhona okungalungile ngombala obomvu nokuthile okuluhlaza, kungaba nzima ngengane engakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukuqonda ukuthi yini engalungile nokuthi yini eyenzayo kahle, akunjalo?

Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu? (Mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-Ishihara)

Odokotela bamehlo basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bathole ubumpumputhe bombala.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-`Ishihara` kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokuthola ubumpumputhe bombala obomvu noluhlaza okotshani. Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela ukukukhombisa uchungechunge lwe-``amapuleti ombala`. Ipuleti ngalinye linephethini yamachashazi amancane. Kufihlwe phakathi kwamachashazi kunenombolo (isimo sezingane ezincane). Kufanele usho lokho okubonayo epuletini ngalinye. Izinombolo kwamanye amapuleti zibonakala kuphela kubantu abanombono ogcwele wombala. Amanye amapuleti abonakala kuphela kubantu abanobumpumputhe bombala. Akumangalisi yini lokho?

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwe-'Ishihara', udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe nokuthi yini enye okudingeka uyenze ukuze uthole ukuthi hlobo luni ngempela.

Uma unezinsolo ezincane kakhulu zokuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningaba nenkinga yokungaboni imibala,Bonana nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha bese uhlolwa amehlo akho. Ungakhohlwa ukutshela udokotela ukuthi yini ekukhathazayo.

Ingane yami kufanele ihlolwe nini?

Ukuhlolwa kokubona imibala kuvame ukunconywa ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-4 nangaphezulu. Lapho zineminyaka engu-4, izingane eziningi zingaphendula imibuzo ngalokho ezingakubona. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuthi ingane yakho ihlolwe amehlo okokuqala kusenesikhathi, mhlawumbe ngisho nangaphambi kosuku lwayo lokuzalwa lokuqala.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Eqinisweni, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa noma ikhambi lokungaboni umbala okuzelwe nakho. Kodwa-ke, uma usuthole lesi simo, udokotela wakho uzokwelapha imbangela eyinhloko noma alungise imithi yakho njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni umbono wakho wombala.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngezibuko ezikhethekile zabantu abanenkinga yokungaboni imibala. Lezi zibuko zingasiza abantu abanezinhlobo ezincane ze-trichromacy engavamile (isimo lapho kunomehluko omncane kweminye imibala) ukuthi babone imibala ngokucacile nangokucacile. Lezi zibuko zandisa umehluko phakathi kwemibala, zizenze zibonakale kakhulu kubantu abanenkinga yokungaboni imibala. Kodwa-ke, lezi zibuko azikwenzi ubone imibala emisha, futhi azilona ikhambi lalesi simo, futhi azilungisi noma yiziphi izinkinga ngamaseli akho e-cone. Imiphumela iyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.

Uma ucabanga ukusebenzisa izibuko ezinjalo, khuluma nodokotela wamehlo kuqala ukuze ubone ukuthi kuzokuzuzisa ngempela yini.

Kungenzeka yini ukugwema lesi simo nokunciphisa ingozi?

Awukwazi ukuvimbela ukungaboni kombala ukuthi kukhule lapho uzalwa. Kodwa-ke, ungase ukwazi ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nokungaboni kombala kamuva ekuphileni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlole impilo yakho futhi athole ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyingozi ezibangela lokhu kungaboni kombala. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ongayibuza:

• Ingabe kukhona ingozi yokuthi ngeke ngikwazi ukubona imibala ngenxa yesifo sami samanje?
• Ingabe lesi simo sibangelwa eminye yemithi engiyithathayo?
• Ingabe ikhona ingozi yalokhu ngenxa yamakhemikhali noma ezinye izinto endaweni yami yokusebenza?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise le ngozi?

Uma ungakwazi ukubona imibala, yini okufanele uyilindele?

Ukungaboni kahle kwemibala kungase kungabi nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sakho sincane. Kodwa uma sibi kakhulu, singaphazamisa umsebenzi wakho, isikole, noma impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Yingakho kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngesimo sakho nokuthi yini ongayilindela esikhathini esizayo.Uma ingane yakho inalesi simo, buza ukuthi ungayisiza kanjani ngomsebenzi wesikole.

Ingabe lokhu kuzothinta ikusasa lengane?

Kuneminye imisebenzi engaba nzima noma ibe yingozi kumuntu onenkinga yokushintsha umbala. Isibonelo, imisebenzi efana nogesi, umshayeli wendiza, umklami wemfashini, noma umculi . Kodwa-ke, ungayiqondisa ingane yakho kweminye imisebenzi engadingi ukubona imibala. Ungabuza umeluleki wengane yakho noma othisha esikoleni ngalokhu.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalesi simo, ningayenza kanjani impilo yansuku zonke ibe lula?

Ukukhuluma nabanye abantu abanalesi simo, noma nabazali bezingane ezinalesi simo, kungaba usizo kakhulu. Bangabelana nawe ngezeluleko nolwazi oluzokusiza empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Nazi ezinye izeluleko:

• Uma uthenga izinto ezifana nezingubo noma upende wendlu , letha umngane owazi kahle imibala (“umngane wombala”) ukuze akusize.
• Khumbula ukuhleleka kwemibala ezintweni ezifana nezibani zomgwaqo (njengobomvu phezulu, o-orenji/ophuzi phakathi, oluhlaza phansi).
• Faka izinhlelo zokusebenza efonini yakho ezikusiza ukuthi ubone imibala yezinto ezikuzungezile.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Lezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yamehlo akho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke:

• Bona udokotela womndeni wakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
• Bonana nodokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Odokotela bakho bazokutshela uma udinga ukuza kaningi noma uma udinga ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo.

Ekugcineni, kufanele ngithi...

Ukungaboni kahle imibala kungahluka kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu, futhi kuvame kakhulu kunalokho ongase ukucabange. Ukuntuleka okuncane kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu. Kodwa uma kukuvimbela ekufinyeleleni imigomo yakho, kuyaqondakala ukuzizwa udangele futhi ukhungathekile.

Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zibona imibala ngendlela ehlukile kunendlela ezivame ukubona ngayo. Ukuxhumana nabanye abanalesi simo nokufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kungakusiza. Ungathola ulwazi nokusekelwa ngemiphakathi eku-inthanethi yabantu abanenkinga yokwehlukanisa imibala.

Uma ingane yakho inalesi simo, khuluma nodokotela wayo wamehlo mayelana nezinguquko ezingayisiza esikoleni. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhuluma nothisha bengane yakho ngalokhu nokuthi ungakusekela kanjani kangcono ukufunda kwayo.

Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela. Hlala uphilile!

` Ubumpumputhe bombala, ubumpumputhe bombala, ukubona kwabantwana, izifo zamehlo, izifo zofuzo, amaseli ekhoni