Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ngomdlavuza!

Uma sizwa igama elithi umdlavuza, sonke siyasaba kancane, akunjalo? Eqinisweni, ngisho nalapho sizwa leli gama, sizizwa sesaba futhi sidabuke. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi uyini ngempela umdlavuza, ukuthi ukhula kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Ngoba, ukuqwashisa kungamandla amakhulu okubhekana nento efana nale. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalo mdlavuza kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Uyini lo mdlavuza? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, umdlavuza yigama elijwayelekile leqembu lezifo ezenzeka lapho amangqamuzana avamile emzimbeni wethu eba amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ahlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngokungalawuleki, bese eqala ukusabalala emzimbeni wonke. Cabanga ngakho, izakhi zofuzo zethu yizo ezinikeza amangqamuzana ethu imiyalelo - isibonelo, izinto ezinjengokuthi 'qala ukukhula manje, yeka ukukhula manje'. Amangqamuzana aphilile avamile alandela le miyalelo ngqo. Kodwa-ke, amangqamuzana omdlavuza awayinaki nhlobo le miyalelo. Aqala ukuhlukana futhi asakazeke njengoba efisa. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza uyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yokufa emazweni afana ne-United States. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi inani lokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza manje seliphansi kunangeminyaka engama-20 edlule. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okuthuthukile, okusha manje kusize ekwelapheni umdlavuza futhi kusize abantu abanomdlavuza baphile isikhathi eside.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingaphezu kwe-100. Odokotela bazihlukanisa ngokususelwa ekutheni umdlavuza uqala kuphi emzimbeni nokuthi hlobo luni lwezicubu oluthintayo. Zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: 1. Umdlavuza oqinile: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu . Cishe, iziguli ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-9 kwezingu-10 zomdlavuza zihlushwa lolu hlobo lomdlavuza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umdlavuza okhula ezicutshini ze-epithelial, njengalezo ezisesikhumbeni sethu, emabeleni, emathunjini amancane, nasemaphashini, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-carcinoma. Zihlanganisa nomdlavuza okhula ezicutshini zamathambo nezixhumene nawo, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-sarcomas. 2. Umdlavuza wegazi: Lokhu kuqala emaseli ethu egazi noma ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic. Isibonelo, izifo ezifana ne-`(Leukemia)` (Leukemia), `(Lymphoma)` (Lymphoma) kanye ne-`(Multiple Myeloma)` zifakiwe ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba. 3. Umdlavuza oxubile: Kunezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ezinezici zazo zombili izinhlobo ezingenhla, noma izici zezinhlobo ezimbili. Isibonelo yizinhlobo `(Carcinosarcoma)` kanye `(Adenosquamous carcinoma)`.

Uvame kangakanani umdlavuza?

Umdlavuza uyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yokufa emhlabeni jikelele. Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi ngo-2024, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili e-United States kuphela bazobe sebetholakale benomdlavuza, kanti abantu abangaphezu kuka-611,000 bazobulawa yilesi sifo. Lowo ngumuntu oyedwa kwabane.Kuthiwa abantu bangase babe nomdlavuza ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu e-United States yilezi:

• Umdlavuza webele
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Umdlavuza we-prostate
• Umdlavuza we-Colorectal
• Umdlavuza wegazi

Noma ubani angathola umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kukhona umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu athile ezinhlanga nangobulili. Ngokusho koMbiko Wonyaka Womdlavuza ka-2022:

• Amadoda anamathuba amancane okuthola umdlavuza kunabesifazane.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza kunabanye abantu abaneminyaka yobudala.
• Umdlavuza uvame kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda amnyama uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanga.
• Umdlavuza uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane baseMelika noma abesifazane bomdabu base-Alaska kunabesifazane bezinye izizwe.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezingaba khona zomdlavuza?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuya ngohlobo lomdlavuza onalo nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ongase uzizwe:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu njalo (` Ukukhathala` )
• Umkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
• Isifiso sokudla
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo
• Izinguquko zesikhumba , ikakhulukazi izinguquko esimweni noma ngobukhulu bezimpawu zokuzalwa, noma ukubonakala kwezimpawu zokuzalwa ezintsha
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki

Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu eziqondene nesitho lapho umdlavuza ukhona nazo zingase zivele. Isibonelo:

• Ukopha emchameni noma esitulweni
• Ushintsho esimweni, umbala, noma usayizi wophawu lokuzalwa esikhumbeni
• Ukukhwehlela igazi
• Amaqhubu noma ukuvuvukala okusha emzimbeni

Lolu hlu aluphelele. Futhi, ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Umdlavuza uyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi . Izinhlobo ezahlukene zingaba nezimpawu ezahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ungazi nokuthi unomdlavuza iminyaka eminingi. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zingase zibe sobala futhi zibe zimbi ngokushesha.

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubika noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile emzimbeni wakho eseziqhubeke isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili., Ukwazisa udokotela ngakho.

Kungani lo mdlavuza uvela? (Izimbangela Zomdlavuza)

Umdlavuza uyisifo sofuzo . Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi wonke umdlavuza uzuzwe njengefa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izakhi zofuzo ezilawula indlela amangqamuzana ethu asebenza ngayo zishintsha. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana angajwayelekile akhule, ahlukane, futhi ekugcineni aphazamise ukusebenza okuvamile kwemizimba yethu. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile angakha amathumba. Ngezinye izikhathi, lawa maseli omdlavuza angahlukana nesimila futhi ahambe aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngesistimu yethu ye-lymphatic noma igazi. Yilokhu odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi i-metastasis. Isibonelo, uma isimila esibelethweni sakho sisakazekela emaphashini akho, ungase ube nenkinga yokuphefumula. Kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegazi, umnkantsha wethu uqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile ngaphandle kokulawula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa maseli angajwayelekile agcwalisa amangqamuzana egazi ajwayelekile, anempilo. Abacwaningi bezokwelapha balinganisela ukuthi u-5% kuya ku-10% kuphela wawo wonke umdlavuza ubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe njengefa. Okusho ukuthi, ubangelwa yizinto esingenakuzilawula. Iningi lomdlavuza libangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe njengefa. Okusho ukuthi, izinguquko ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila kwethu. Odokotela bathole izici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza.

Izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa umdlavuza

Ayikho imbangela eyodwa yomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Umlando womndeni : Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (abazali, izingane zakubo, ogogo nomkhulu) libe nomdlavuza, nawe usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza.
• Ukubhema : Ukubhema ugwayi kanye nogwayi kagesi kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, womphimbo, we-pancreatic kanye nowomlomo.
• Izici Zemvelo: Ukuchayeka ebuthi bemvelo, njenge-asbestos, izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye ne-radon, kungabangela umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukungondleki: Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi noshukela omningi kwandisa ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Futhi, uma ungawuvivinyi umzimba ngokwanele, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uhlushwe yizifo.
• Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone:Abesifazane abasebenzisa ukwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone bangase babe nengozi enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho.
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Ukuchayeka njalo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ukuchayeka kakhulu ekwelashweni ngemisebe nakho kungaba yimbangela yengozi.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unomdlavuza? (Ukuxilongwa)

Odokotela baqala inqubo yokuxilonga umdlavuza ngokuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba. Bakubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka benze izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi komdlavuza: Lokhu kungafaka phakathi "Inani Eliphelele Legazi (i-CBC)" (inani eliphelele legazi), "ukuhlolwa kwamaprotheni egazi", kanye "nokuhlolwa kwezimpawu ze-tumor"
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana `(CT scan)` (CT scan), `(MRI)` (MRI), `(Ultrasound)` (Ultrasound) noma `(Iodine Metaiodobenzylguanidine - MIGB)`.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu: Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa (ngokusika) noma ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa (ngenaliti). Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ucezu lwezicubu ezisolisayo bese luhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo komdlavuza: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekuboneni izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezizuzwe njengefa futhi kuhlelwe ukwelashwa kwazo.

Isigaba somdlavuza sinqunywa kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlelwa komdlavuza ukuhlela ukwelashwa nokuthola umbono wokuthi lesi sifo sizoqhubeka kanjani (ukubikezela). Iningi lomdlavuza linezigaba ezine eziyinhloko. Isigaba esiqondile sinqunywa yizici eziningana, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu besimila kanye nendawo yaso.

• Izigaba I-III (1-3) (esigabeni sokuqala noma esithuthukile endaweni): Lezi zigaba zivame ukuchaza izimo lapho umdlavuza ukhulele ngqo ezicutshini ezizungezile, noma usakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze.
• Isigaba IV (4) (umdlavuza osakazeka): Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeke ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba, kungaba ngegazi lakho noma ngohlelo lwakho lwe-lymphatic.

Umdlavuza welashwa kanjani?

Odokotela bangase basebenzise izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi, bangase basebenzise inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha, kuye ngesimo sakho. Izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Izimila zomdlavuza ezingakasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba zingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Imithi enamandla inikezwa njengamaphilisi noma njengoketshezi olunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi ukuze kubhujiswe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Kusetshenziswa imithamo ephezulu yemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezithathelwana Ngomzimba: Kuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze alwe nesifo.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Ukwelashwa kuqondiswe ngqo ekuguqukeni kwezakhi zofuzo okuguqula amangqamuzana anempilo abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Kuvimba ama-hormone asiza ukukhula komdlavuza. Isibonelo, abantu abanomdlavuza we-prostate banganikezwa ama-hormone anciphisa amazinga e-testosterone.
• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha: Amaseli egazi alimele athathelwa indawo ngamaseli anempilo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungabangela imiphumela emibi eminingana. Le miphumela emibi incike ohlotsheni lokwelashwa olutholayo kanye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kukho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho. Bangase bakwazi ukukunikeza izincomo noma imithi engasiza.

Zikhona yini izindlela zokuvimbela umdlavuza?

Akuwona wonke umdlavuza ongavinjelwa, ikakhulukazi lowo obangelwa yizinto eziyingozi esingakwazi ukuzilawula. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Uma ubhema noma usebenzisa ugwayi, zama ukuyeka . Buza udokotela wakho ngezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema.
• Landela uhlelo lokudla okunempilo olukufanele.
• Engeza ukuvivinya umzimba ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke.
• Gwema ubuthi bemvelo obufana ne-asbestos kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane.
• Zivikele ekulimaleni kwelanga (isib. sebenzisa izibuko zelanga, izigqoko, i-sunscreen).
• Thola ukuhlolwa komdlavuza njalo.

Impilo injani ngomdlavuza? (Umbono Womdlavuza)

Uhlukile, futhi isibikezelo sakho sihlukile. Odokotela bakho bazonquma umbono wakho ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nalezi:

• Impilo yakho iyonke .
• Uhlobo lomdlavuza onalo.
• Isigaba somdlavuza wakho.
• Indlela osabela ngayo ekwelashweni .

Nakuba kungekho 'ikhambi' elilodwa lomdlavuza, eminye imidlavuza isabela kahle ekwelashweni. Abantu abaningi babhekana nokuncipha kwezimpawu. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi ukwehla kwezimpawu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokunyamalala ngokuphelele, 'ukuxolelwa'. 'Ukuxolelwa okuyingxenye' kusho ukuthi izimpawu zehlile ngezinga elithile. 'Ukuxolelwa okuphelele' kusho ukuthi azisekho izimpawu. Ngenxa yokuthi imidlavuza ehlukene idinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile, imiphumela iyahlukahluka. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaxilongwa futhi belashwe ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza usakazeke banemiphumela emihle kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe umdlavuza wakho ususakazeke ngale kwalapho waqala khona, ukwelashwa kungalawula ukukhula kwawo, kunciphise izimpawu zakho, kukusize uphile isikhathi eside, futhi kuthuthukise 'ikhwalithi yokuphila' kwakho.

Zingakanani izinga lokusinda kwabantu abalulama emdlavuza?

Amazinga okusinda ayizilinganiso ezisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamaqembu amakhulu abantu abanezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Njengoba kunjalo nangesikhathi sesifo, amazinga okusinda ayahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo, kanye nokwelashwa kwawo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi la mazinga okusinda ayizilinganiso nje kuphela. Awakutsheli ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani noma ukuthi umzimba wakho uzosabela kanjani ekwelashweni okuthile. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okwengeziwe ngalokhu.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? (Ukuzinakekela)

Ukuzinakekela kubaluleke kakhulu uma uphila nomdlavuza. Kungahluka kumuntu ngamunye. Ukuzelapha nge-TLC encane (Tender Loving Care) uma uyidinga kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kuthuthukise inhlalakahle yakho yengqondo, yemizwa neyokomoya. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza:

• Zama izinto ezifana nobuciko noma ukwelashwa ngomculo.
• Thola iqembu lokusekelana ukuze ukhulume nabantu abake baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufana nokwakho.
• Thola ukubhucungwa okulula (kodwa buza udokotela wakho kuqala ).
• Hlangana nochwepheshe wezokudla bese udala uhlelo lokudla olufanela wena.
• Zijwayeze imikhuba yokucabanga njenge-yoga nokuzindla.
• Funda incwadi oyithandayo, noma ubukele i-movie oyithandayo.
• Phumula noma nini lapho ufuna, hhayi nje lapho ungakwazi.
• Beka "amahora akho okuvakasha" ukuze uchithe isikhathi nabantu obathandayo futhi uvikele isikhathi sakho sokuphumula.
• Khuluma nodokotela noma umeluleki mayelana nomthelela ongokomzwelo walesi sifo.
• Bhala phansi lokho okucabangayo encwadini yakho yezenzakalo.

Ezinye zalezi zinto zingase zingakusebenzeli, futhi lokho kulungile. Into eyinhloko ukwenza izinto ezikulethela injabulo nokwaneliseka.Thola izindlela zokuchitha isikhathi sakho ngendlela enenjongo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinkinga onazo ngenkathi uphathwa umdlavuza, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa. Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza angakusiza ukuthola izindlela zokukwenza ukhululeke kakhudlwana. Uma ungazizwa kahle, ungangabazi ukumtshela.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Ulwazi lungamandla. Uma unomdlavuza, kubalulekile ukuqoqa ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Uhlobo luni lomdlavuza enginalo?
• Ingabe umdlavuza usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wami?
• Angakanani amathuba ami okululama?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Yiziphi izingozi nezinzuzo zokwelashwa kwami?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa?
• Ngizokwazi yini ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza?
• Ingabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuzothinta ukuzala kwami?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka ngihlale esibhedlela ukuze ngithole ukwelashwa?
• Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungaba yindlela enhle kimi?

Amagama athi "unomdlavuza" cishe angamagama asabekayo kakhulu oyoke uwazwe. Ngokungazelelwe, konke kuzwakala kungaqiniseki. Ungase uzizwe udangele, unesizungu, ukhungathekile, uthukuthele. Ungase uzizwe zonke lezi zinto ngesikhathi esisodwa. Noma, ungase uzizwe uphelelwe yithemba ngokuphelele. Noma ngabe uzizwa kanjani, kulungile. Lokhu kutholakala kuzongishintsha kanjani? Impilo yami izoba njani manje? Ngizoba nesikhathi esingakanani nabathandekayo bami? Uma le mibuzo igijima engqondweni yakho, awuwedwa. Kusukela ngosuku owatholakala ngalo, usube ngumuntu osindile kumdlavuza - ilungu lomphakathi womhlaba wonke. Uzohlangana nabantu abaningi endleleni. Funa ukwesekwa kubo nakubathandekayo bakho. Odokotela bakho bayaqonda ukungathi sína kwalesi senzakalo esishintsha impilo - ​​balapha ukuzokusiza nganoma iyiphi indlela oyidingayo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Nakuba umdlavuza uyisimo esibucayi, ukuqwashisa, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi, kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

• Uma unezimpawu ezingavamile (ikakhulukazi uma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili), funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Gwema izinto ezibangela umdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka (ungabhemi, ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba).
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwempilo njalo.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile mayelana nokwelashwa kanye nemiphumela yako emibi .
• Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa . Thola usizo emndenini, kubangani, kanye namaqembu okusekelana.

Khumbula, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubhekana nale nselele ngengqondo eqinile kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle .