Ingabe intamo yakho ivuvukele? Ake sixoxe nge-goiter!

Abantu abaningi cishe bayesaba kancane uma bebona ukuvuvukala okuncane entanyeni yabo, akunjalo? Kuyini lokhu? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge- 'Gout '. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo, esaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi '( Goiter )'. Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Iyini le ndlala yegilo?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibone ukuthi iyini le `(Goiter)` noma i-thyroid gland . Le thyroid gland iyi-gland encane efana novemvane entanyeni yakho, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwe-collarbone. Lokhu kuyingxenye ye-`( Endocrine system )` yomzimba wethu.

Nakuba emancane, ama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-thyroid gland abaluleke kakhulu. Ama-hormone amabili ayinhloko akhiqizwa lapha yi -thyroxine (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi `(T4)`) kanye ne-triiodothyronine (ebizwa nangokuthi `(T3)`). Lawa ma-hormone ahilelekile emisebenzini eminingana ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Isibonelo:

• Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba yethu kube yinqubo lapho ukudla esikudlayo kuguqulwa khona kube amandla.
• Ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba .
• Izinto ezifana nemizwa yethu, ukukhathazeka, njll.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo .
• Inqubo yokugaya ukudla .

Uyabona, yize incane, yenza umsebenzi omningi. Ngakho-ke noma ngabe le ndlala ivele ivuvuke, noma ikhiqize ama-hormone amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu, singaba nezinkinga.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zaleli dwala?

Yebo, le goiter ingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezimbili. Enye ixhomeke endleleni ekhula ngayo, kanti enye incike emazingeni akho e-thyroid hormone.

Zihlukaniswa ngokwendlela ezikhula ngayo:

• I-Simple noma i-Diffuse Goiter: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho yonke i-thyroid gland ivuvukala futhi izwa ithambile uma uyithinta.
• I-Nodular Goiter: Kulokhu, kuvela iqhubu eliqinile noma eligcwele uketshezi (iqhubu) ngaphakathi kwe-thyroid gland, elizwakala njengeqhubu uma lithintwa.
• I-Multinodular Goiter: Yilapho kuvela khona amaqhubu amaningi ngaphakathi kwe-thyroid gland. La maqhubu angase abonakale ngaphandle noma atholakale kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Kuhlukaniswe ngokwezinga lama-hormone e-thyroid:

• I-Toxic Goiter: Kulokhu, i-thyroid gland iyavuvukala futhi ikhiqize i-thyroid hormone eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kuholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperthyroidism.
• I-Goiter Engeyona Inobuthi: Kulesi simo, i-thyroid gland iyavuvukala, kodwa amazinga ama-hormone ajwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho hyperthyroidism noma hypothyroidism, okuyisimo samazinga aphansi ama-hormone e-thyroid. Odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi i-euthyroid.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bahlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili. Isibonelo, i-"Toxic Multinodular Goiter" yisimo lapho kwakheka khona amaqhubu amaningi endlaleni ye-thyroid futhi akhiqize ama-hormone amaningi.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lwe-gallstone?

Empeleni, noma ubani angaba ne-goiter. Kodwa-ke, kuthiwa abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kane okuba nayo kunabesilisa . Futhi, ingozi yokuba ne-goiter iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Ivame kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engu-40 .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanezimo ezilandelayo banamathuba amaningi okuthola amatshe enyongo:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Ukumelana ne-insulin
• I-Metabolic syndrome

Futhi, uma uke waba nokwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda nasentanyeni, noma uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando womndeni wesifo se-thyroid , usengozini enkulu yokuba ne-goiter.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Umdlavuza wenyongo empeleni uyinto evamile. E-United States, isibonelo, cishe abantu abangu-5% banawo.

Kodwa emhlabeni jikelele, imbangela eyinhloko ye-goiter ukuntuleka kwe-iodine . Kuthiwa abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-2.2 bahlushwa yile nkinga.

Amathuba okuthuthukisa i-goiter ayahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kungakanani:

• Uma kunezinga eliphansi lokuntuleka kwe-iodine , kunethuba elingu-5% kuya ku-20% lokuthuthukisa i-goiter.
• Uma ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kuphakathi , kuyanda kube phakathi kuka-20% no-30%.
• Uma ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kukhulu , amathuba okuthuthukisa i-goiter anganda abe ngaphezu kuka-30%.

Yiziphi izimpawu engizozibona uma nginesifo senyongo?

I-goiter ingahluka ngobukhulu kusukela kwencane kakhulu, engabonakali kalula, kuya kwenkulu kakhulu. Esikhathini esiningi, i-goiter ayibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, uma une-thyroiditis, okuyilapho i-thyroid gland yakho ivuvukala futhi ibomvu, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zingabonakala kanje:

• Kuzwakala sengathi kuneqhubu ngaphambili kwentamo yakho , ngaphansi nje kwethambo lentamo.
• Ukuzwa sengathi kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni .
• Ukushoshozela (ukushintsha kwezwi).
• Imithambo entanyeni ibonakala sengathi iyavuvukala.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu lapho uphakamisa izingalo ngaphezu kwekhanda.

Kunezinye izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya .
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Umsindo wokushaya ikhwela lapho uphefumula (ngenxa yokuvaleka komoya).
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (ngenxa yokuvaleka komphimbo).

Abanye abantu bangase babe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperthyroidism, okuwukwanda kwama-hormone e-thyroid kanye ne-goiter. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia) .
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu .
• Uhudo.
• Ukujuluka ngisho noma ungawuvivinyi umzimba noma ngisho nalapho izinga lokushisa legumbi lingekho phezulu kakhulu.
• Ukuthuthumela komzimba.
• Ukukhathazeka.

Futhi, abanye abantu bangase babe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypothyroidism, okuyisimo lapho kuncipha khona ama-hormone e-thyroid kanye ne-goiter. Kulesi simo, ungase ubone izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala) .
• Ukuqunjelwa.
• Isikhumba esomile.
• Ukukhula ngaphandle kwesizathu .
• Ukungajwayelekile kwemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.

Kungani kwakheka leli tshe lenyongo? Ziyini izimbangela?

I-Goiter empeleni iyimpendulo eguquguqukayo yamaseli akho e-thyroid kunoma iyiphi inqubo ephazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone e-thyroid. Nakuba ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-goiter emhlabeni jikelele, kunezinye izimbangela eziningi.

Izinto ezingabangela amatshe enyongo yilezi:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine: Indlala yakho yegilo idinga i-iodine ukuze yenze ama-hormone egilo. Uma ungatholi i-iodine eyanele ekudleni okudlayo, indlala yegilo izama ukwenza ama-hormone egilo engeziwe. Yenza amaseli amaningi, okusho ukuthi iyanda. Lesi yisizathu esiyinhloko emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, emazweni afana neSri Lanka, lokhu kuncane kancane ngenxa yokusebenzisa usawoti one-iodine. Singathola inani elidingekayo le-iodine ekudleni kwasolwandle, imikhiqizo yobisi, kanye nosawoti one-iodine. Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-iodine ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha akufaneleki kubantu abaningi, njengoba kungabangela ezinye izinkinga zempilo.
• Isifo sikaGraves: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho ahlasela indlala yakho yegilo, okubangela ukuba ikhule. Isifo sikaGraves singadala nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperthyroidism, esidinga ukwelashwa.
• Isifo sikaHashimoto: Lesi futhi yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Sibangela ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo. Kwabanye abantu, isifo sikaHashimoto sibangela ukuba indlala yegilo ikhule njengesimo sokubuyisela. Lolu hlobo lwe-goiter luvame ukuba ngcono ngokwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abane-Hashimoto's badinga ukuthatha amaphilisi e-thyroid hormone (ukwelashwa kwe-thyroid hormone).
• Umdlavuza we-thyroid:Umdlavuza wendlala yegilo ungabangela nokuthi indlala ikhule.
• Ukukhulelwa: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, indlala yegilo ingase ikhule kancane ngenxa yehomoni ethi ``Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)'' ekhiqizwa emzimbeni wowesifazane.
• I-thyroiditis: Ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo ngokwayo kungabangela nokuthi indlala ikhule. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-goiter angakhula ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Siwabiza ngokuthi ``ama-goiter angavamile``. Eminye imithi ingabangela lokhu. Isibonelo, umuthi ``Lithium``, osetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izifo zengqondo, ungabangela lolu hlobo lwe-goiter.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Uma uya kudokotela, bangahlola intamo yakho ukuthi i-thyroid gland ikhulisiwe yini ngokuyizwa. Kodwa i-goiter isho ukuthi kunenkinga nge-thyroid gland yakho. Ngakho-ke udinga ukuthola ukuthi iyini leyo nkinga.

Odokotela benza izivivinyo eziningana ngalokho:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, udokotela uzothinta indawo yentamo yakho ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini amaqhubu noma ubuhlungu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-thyroid: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kulinganisa amazinga ama-hormone e-thyroid. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi i-thyroid gland isebenza kahle yini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kubheka ama-antibodies athile akhiqizwa izinhlobo ezithile ze-goiter. Ama-antibodies amaprotheni enziwa amaseli ethu amhlophe egazi. Yilawa asivikela kumagciwane abangela izifo.
• I-ultrasound ye-thyroid: I-ultrasound ukuhlolwa okusebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu ukudlula ezicutshini zomzimba. Izithombe ezivelayo ziboniswa esikrinini sekhompyutha. Udokotela angabe esebona i-thyroid gland, ehlola usayizi wayo nokuthi ikhona yini imifantu.
• I-Biopsy: I-biopsy inqubo ehilela ukuthatha isampula yezicubu noma amaseli bese uwahlola elebhu. Uma uneqhubu elikhulu endlaleni yakho ye-thyroid, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze i-biopsy. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi awunawo umdlavuza.
• Ukuthathwa nokuskenwa kwe-thyroid: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwezithombe kunikeza ulwazi mayelana nosayizi kanye nomsebenzi we-thyroid gland. Kuhilela ukufaka inani elincane kakhulu lezinto ezinemisebe emthanjeni bese kudala isithombe se-thyroid gland esikrinini sekhompyutha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa akwenziwa njalo futhi kuwusizo kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile.
• I-CT scan noma i-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging):Uma amathonsili amakhulu kakhulu noma esakazekele endaweni yesifuba, kungenziwa i-CT scan noma i-MRI ukuze kulinganiswe ubukhulu kanye nokusabalala kwamathonsili.

Ingabe amatshe enyongo azolulama ngokwawo?

I-simple goiter ingase ibe ngcono ngokwayo ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Ama-goiter amaningi, njenge-multinodular goiter, akhula lapho amazinga e-thyroid hormone ejwayelekile. Uma udokotela ethole ukuthi une-thyroid hormone, akukho ukwelashwa okukhethekile okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, ungase ube sengozini yokuthola i-hypothyroidism noma i-hyperthyroidism esikhathini esizayo.

Kodwa-ke, uma ubona ukuthi indlala yakho yegilo ikhulisiwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela . Ngoba kunezimbangela eziningana ze-goiter, ezinye zazo ezidinga ukwelashwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo?

Ukwelashwa kwe-goiter kuncike ekutheni indlala yakho yegilo ingakanani, izimpawu zakho ziyini, nokuthi iyini imbangela. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha:

• Akukho ukwelashwa / “Ukulinda ngokuqapha”: Uma i-goiter incane futhi ingakukhathazi, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukuthi ukwelashwa akudingeki. Kodwa uzoqapha ngokucophelela i-thyroid yakho ukuze athole izinguquko.
• Imithi:
• I-Levothyroxine (isib. i-Levothroid®, i-Synthroid®) iyindlela yokwelapha esikhundleni samahomoni e-thyroid. Udokotela wakho angase akunike lo muthi uma i-goiter yakho ibangelwa amazinga aphansi amahomoni e-thyroid (i-hypothyroidism).
• Uma imbangela ye-goiter iwukwanda kwama-hormone e-thyroid (i-Hyperthyroidism), kunikezwa eminye imithi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Methimazole (isib. i-Tapazole®) kanye ne-Propylthiouracil.
• Uma imbangela yamathonsili kungukuvuvukala, udokotela angase akunikeze i-aspirin noma i-corticosteroid.
• Ukwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-hyperthyroidism. Kulokhu kwelashwa, i-iodine enemisebe ithathwa ngomlomo. Le iodine ingena endlaleni ye-thyroid futhi ibhubhise amangqamuzana e-thyroid, okwenza indlala inciphe. Ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze amaphilisi okufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone e-thyroid impilo yakho yonke.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Udokotela wakho angase ancome inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-thyroidectomy ukuze kususwe yonke noma ingxenye ye-thyroid gland yakho. Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka uma i-goiter inkulu futhi ibangela ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya. Ukuhlinzwa ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziselwa ukususa amaqhubu. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukudingeka uma kunomdlavuza. Kuye ngokuthi i-thyroid gland isusiwe kangakanani, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe amaphilisi okufaka esikhundleni se-thyroid hormone impilo yakho yonke.

Singakuvimbela lokhu?

I-goiter yokuntuleka kwe-iodine (i-goiter elula) yilona kuphela uhlobo lwe-goiter esingaluvimbela. Lolu hlobo lwe-goiter lungavinjelwa ngokufaka inhlanzi eyanele, imikhiqizo yobisi, kanye nosawoti one-iodized (usawoti wetafula) ekudleni. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-goiter, ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-iodine noma ezinye izithasiselo ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha ngokuvamile akukhuthazwa. Zingalimaza kakhulu kunokuhle.

Iyini inhloso yalesi simo? (Isibikezelo)

Ukubikezela kwe-gallstone kuncike ohlotsheni lwayo kanye nembangela.

I-simple goiter inombono omuhle. Kodwa-ke, uma i-thyroid gland iqhubeka nokukhula, ingacindezela izicubu ezizungezile, okubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukugwinya, kanye nokushoshozela.

Uma i-goiter iyisibonakaliso sesinye isimo se-thyroid, njengesifo sikaGraves noma isifo sikaHashimoto, isimo sincike embangela eyinhloko yokwanda kwe-thyroid yakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana nesifo sami senyongo?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isizathu, uma kutholakale ukuthi une-goiter, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela njalo (okungenani kanye ngonyaka) ukuze ayiqaphe.

Uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

I-thyroid yakho iyindlala ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lwe-endocrine, ethinta izinto eziningi emzimbeni wakho. I-thyroid ekhulisiwe ingaba uphawu lwesimo se-thyroid esingaphansi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ama-goiter angelashwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi aphele ngokwawo. Uma ubona iqhubu ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angahlola ukuthi ngabe yi-goiter nokuthi yini ebangela lokho.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke kulokho esikuxoxile, ngithemba ukuthi usuyitholile ukuqonda okungcono i-Goiter. Ngamafuphi:

• I-goiter ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo. Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela eziningi.
• Uma ubona noma yini efana nokuvuvukala entanyeni, ubunzima bokugwinya, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukushintsha kwezwi, qiniseka ukuthi ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Akuwona wonke amatshe enyongo adinga ukwelashwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela nokufuna ukwelashwa uma kudingeka.
• Nakuba ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kuyimbangela enkulu emhlabeni, isimo sincane ezweni lethu ngenxa kasawoti one-iodine.
• Ungalokothi uthathe ama-hormone e-thyroid noma amaphilisi e-iodine ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
• Uma unesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuhlolwa njalo kokulandelela njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.

Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, lezi zimo zingaphathwa kahle ngaphansi kwesiqondiso esifanele sezokwelapha.