Uyazazi yini izivalo zenhliziyo? (Amavalo Enhliziyo) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani? Akuyona nje ingcezu yenyama, ingumshini omangalisayo opompa igazi emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ngakho-ke ngaphakathi kwale nhliziyo, kunezingxenye ezithile ezisebenza njengeminyango. Sizibiza ngokuthi ama-valve enhliziyo. Lawa ayavuleka futhi avalwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukusiza igazi ligeleze lisuka kolunye uhlangothi liye kolunye, futhi ayavimba igazi ukuthi lingagelezi ngendlela engafanele.

Ama-valve enhliziyo asebenza kanjani? Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo?

Cabanga ngalokhu: inhliziyo enempilo ifana nemoto eshayela emgwaqweni oklanywe kahle. Igazi ligeleza ngendlela ehlelekile. Inhliziyo yethu inezindawo ezine eziyinhloko. Izindawo eziphezulu yi-atrium yangakwesokudla kanye ne-atrium yangakwesokunxele (ebizwa nangokuthi i-atria), kanti izindawo ezingezansi yi-ventricle yangakwesokudla kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesokunxele (ebizwa nangokuthi ama-ventricle).

Phakathi kwala makamelo kukhona ama-valve engiwashilo. Lawa akhiwe ngama-flaps amancane, kodwa aqinile kakhulu ezicubu. Siphinde siwabize lawa mapheshana (noma ama-cusps). Lawa ma-valve ayavuleka futhi avale ukuze aqondise igazi endleleni efanele.

Kalula nje, yilokhu okwenzekayo, yize kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ake sikwenze kube lula ukuyiqonda:

• Okokuqala, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo (okungukuthi, igazi elisetshenziswe ngumzimba futhi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo) livela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba bese liqoqana e-atrium efanele.
• Bese, lelo gazi lingena ku-atrium yangakwesokudla nge - valve ye-tricuspid. Uma le valve ivuleka, igazi liyehla, futhi uma ivala, aliyivumeli ukuthi ibuye phezulu.
• Kusukela ku-ventricle yesokudla, leli gazi lidonswa nge -valve yamaphaphu liye emaphashini. Kusemaphashini lapho leli gazi linikezwa khona umoya-mpilo omusha bese kukhishwa i-carbon dioxide.
• Manje igazi elisha, elihlanzekile, eligcwele umoya-mpilo, lingena e-atrium yangakwesobunxele.
• Okulandelayo, inhliziyo ithumela leli gazi nge -valve ye-mitral (siyibiza nangokuthi "i-Mitral Valve" ngoba inama-flaps amabili) iye kwi-ventricle yesobunxele.
• Ekugcineni, leli gazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela e-ventricle yesobunxele lidlula nge -valve ye-aortic liye e-aorta, umthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni, bese lisuka lapho lisakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba.

Uyabona? La ma-valve asebenza 'njengamaphoyisa omgwaqo' anekhono, evimbela igazi ukuthi lingahambi ngendlela engafanele, futhi alithumele endaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Umsindo we-"lub-dub" esiwuzwayo lapho inhliziyo ishaya ubangelwa ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwala ma-valve.

Yiziphi izivalo ezine eziyinhloko enhliziyweni? Zenzani?

Empeleni kunezinhlobo ezine zama-valve enhliziyweni yethu. I-valve ngayinye inendawo yayo, isimo sayo, kanye nomsebenzi wayo. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini.

1. Ivalvu ye-Tricuspid

Lena inalawo magama amathathu engiwashilo. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi “amakhasi amathathu”.

• Indawo: Phakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesokudla kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesokudla.
• Okufanele ngikwenze:Ivumela igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ukuthi ligeleze lisuka ku-atrium efanele liye ku-ventricle efanele. Iphinde ivimbele igazi ukuthi libuyele ku-atrium efanele lapho i-ventricle efanele ifinyela. Cabanga ngakho njengomnyango ovula indlela eyodwa kuphela.

2. I-Pulmonary Valve

Le valve inezimbobo ezintathu.

• Indawo: Phakathi kwe-ventricle yesokudla kanye nomthambo wamaphaphu.
• Lokho ekwenzayo: Ivumela igazi elivela kwi-ventricle yangakwesokudla ukuthi lifakwe emthanjeni wamaphaphu. Lo mthambo yiwona othwala igazi liye emaphashini ukuze lithathe umoya-mpilo. I-valve yamaphaphu ivimbela igazi ukuthi libuyele emuva kwi-ventricle yangakwesokudla lisuka emthanjeni wamaphaphu.

3. I-Mitral Valve

Inamavalvu amabili. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-bicuspid. Igama elithi ``Mitral Valve'' livame ukusetshenziswa.

• Indawo: Phakathi kwe-atrium yesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle yesobunxele.
• Lokho ekwenzayo: Ivumela igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela ku-atrium yangakwesobunxele (elivela emaphashini) ukuthi lidlulele ku-ventricle yangakwesobunxele. Iphinde ivimbele igazi ukuthi libuyele ku-atrium yangakwesobunxele lapho i-ventricle yangakwesobunxele ifinyela futhi ipompa igazi emzimbeni. Leli yi-valve ebaluleke kakhulu.

4. I-Aortic Valve

Le valve inezimbobo ezintathu.

• Indawo: Phakathi kwe-ventricle yesobunxele ne-aorta.
• Lokho ekwenzayo: Yilapho igazi elinomoya-mpilo ligeleza khona lisuka kwi-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo liye kwi-aorta. Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, i-aorta iwumthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Yilapho igazi elinomoya-mpilo ligeleza khona liye kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngakho-ke, lokho okwenziwa yileli `(i-Aortic Valve)` ukuvimbela igazi ukuthi ligeleze libuyele kwi-ventricle yesobunxele lisuka kwi-aorta.

Izinhliziyo zethu ziphilile kuphela uma la ma-valve amane esebenza kahle, ngesikhathi esifanele, nangendlela efanele. Uma elinye lawo lingahambi kahle, lingathinta lonke uhlelo, njengoba nje ingxenye eyodwa yomshini osebenza kahle iphuka, wonke umshini uyama.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta ama-valve enhliziyo?

Manje usungabona ukuthi la ma-valve abaluleke kangakanani nokuthi ayinkimbinkimbi kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, uma elinye lala ma-valve lingasebenzi kahle, inhliziyo yethu kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Kufana nokwenza umsebenzi wasekhaya ngomnyango ophukile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhliziyo ingaba buthakathaka.

Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona zezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo:

• Izinguquko ngokuguga: Njengoba siguga, njengezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ama-valve nawo angadlula ezinguqukweni ezithile. Ama-valve angajiya abe ne-calcium egcwele.
• Isifo Senhliziyo Esizalwa Naso: Lokhu kusho isifo senhliziyo esikhona lapho kuzalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-valve angase angabi khona, noma angaba usayizi noma ukuma okungalungile. Isibonelo, isimo se-"Aortic Valve" lapho kukhona khona ama-valve amabili kuphela (i-Bicuspid Aortic Valve).
• Izifo:Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-rheumatic fever, zingalimaza ama-valve enhliziyo. I-infective endocarditis nayo iyisifo esibi esithinta ama-valve.
• Ezinye izifo eziyisisekelo: Isibonelo, isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma ezinye izimo zenhliziyo nazo zingathinta ama-valve.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinkinga ezibonakala kuma-valve enhliziyo. Noma yiziphi zalezi zinkinga zingavela kunoma iyiphi yama-valve amane.

1. Ukubuyela emuva: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ivalvu ingavali kahle, okubangela igazi ukuba livuze emuva. Cabanga ngakho njengomnyango ongavali kahle bese kungena izinto ezivela ngaphandle. Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi 'ivalvu yenhliziyo evuzayo'. Uhlobo olulodwa olukhethekile lwalokhu lubizwa ngokuthi i-prolapse . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-valve flap igoqa emuva noma iqhuma. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ku-Mitral Valve (Mitral Valve Prolapse).

2. I-Stenosis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amapheshana e-valve eqina, eqina, noma enamathelana. I-valve ayivuli kahle, futhi indlela yokugeleza kwegazi iba mncane. Cabanga ngayo njengomnyango ongavuleki kahle, bese indlela ivaleka. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo kudingeke isebenze kanzima ukuze icindezele igazi.

3. I-Atresia: Lesi yisimo esibucayi futhi esingavamile. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi i-valve ayikakhiwa ngokuphelele. Okusho ukuthi, i-valve ayikho kusukela ekuzalweni. Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala lapho kuzalwa.

Lezi zimo zibeka ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe enhliziyweni, okuyinto engayilungele inhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga zamavalvu enhliziyo? Sizibona kanjani?

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo kodwa bangakhombisi zimpawu , ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala. Yilokho okwesabisayo kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi isifo se-valve yenhliziyo siyaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu zingase zivele kuphela njengoba ukhula noma njengoba isifo siba sibi kakhulu.

Ubuwazi ukuthi ukububula kwenhliziyo yakho umsindo wama-valve enhliziyo yakho evuleka futhi evaleka? Isibonakaliso sokuqala senkinga yama-valve enhliziyo kungaba "ukububula kwenhliziyo" udokotela awuzwa nge-stethoscope. Kungumsindo ongavamile ozwakalayo lapho inhliziyo ishaya, njengo-"s...s..." noma omunye umsindo owengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-"Heart Murmurs" abangelwa inkinga yama-valve. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi "Innocent Heart Murmur" olungenangozi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Udokotela kuphela ongasho ngokuqinisekile.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zibonakale zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki njengokuqina kwesifuba.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma uzizwa ukhathazekile.
• Ukuquleka (ukulahlekelwa ukwazi), ikakhulukazi ngenkathi wenza umsebenzi onzima.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala)Akukona nje ukukhathala, kodwa ukukhathala okuzwakala kungaphezu kwamandla ngisho nangemva kokwenza into encane, kuze kufike ezingeni lapho uzizwa sengathi ulele usuku lonke.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma umuzwa wokushaya kwenhliziyo okushaya ngamandla, okungajwayelekile.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya , ikakhulukazi lapho uzivocavoca, ukhuphuka izitebhisi, noma ulele phansi.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaqakala, izinyawo, imilenze, noma isisu (`i-Edema`). Lokhu kubangelwa ukwakheka koketshezi emzimbeni ngoba inhliziyo ayipompi igazi kahle.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha . Akuyona into enhle ukuhlala nje wenze izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, akunjalo? Lezi zimpawu zingase zibangelwe okunye, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe.

Yini ongayenza ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile ngisho noma unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo?

Ake sithi udokotela ukuqinisekisile ukuthi unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo. Noma kunjalo, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile ngangokunokwenzeka, uvimbele izinkinga ezengeziwe, futhi wenze impilo yakho ibe ntofontofo. Kubalulekile ukulandela lawa macebiso:

• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ukubhema akukubi nje enhliziyweni kuphela kodwa nakuwo wonke umzimba. Kubi nakakhulu kumuntu onesifo se-valve yenhliziyo.
• Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho kanye namazinga e-cholesterol . Ukugcina lokhu kuqaphile kuyimpumuzo enkulu enhliziyweni. Thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngqo.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Lokho kusho ukudla okunosawoti omncane, ushukela, namafutha amancane, okunosawoti omncane namafutha e-trans, futhi okugcwele izithelo, imifino, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele. Kukhona nezinketho ezinhle ekudleni kwethu kwasendaweni. Ungacela neseluleko kuchwepheshe wezokudla.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Kodwa-ke, xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi hlobo luni lokuzivocavoca olukufanele nokuthi kufanele ulwenze isikhathi esingakanani. Ukuhamba cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kuvame ukuba kuhle.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo. Vakashela udokotela wakho wenhliziyo ngezikhathi ezithile bese uthola izivivinyo ezifana ne-echocardiogram. Lokhu kuzokusiza ubone ukuthi ama-valve akho asebenza kanjani.
• Thatha ama-antibiotic (njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho) ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwamazinyo noma okunye ukuhlinzwa . Lokhu kungadingeka kubantu abanezifo ezithile ze-valve yenhliziyo, ukuvimbela izifo ezifana ne-infective endocarditis. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
• Tshela bonke abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo, okuhlanganisa nodokotela wamazinyo, ukuthi unenkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo ukuze bakwazi ukuyicabangela lapho bekwelapha.
• Nciphisa usawoti owudlayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukugcinwa koketshezi emzimbeni futhi kulawule ukuvuvukala.

Khumbula, ukulandela lezi zinto kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho futhi kunciphise izinkinga ezibangelwa yilesi sifo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unenkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu nge-endocarditis . Lokhu kungukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo noma ama-valve ayo. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni.

Ngakho-ke, uma ubona izimpawu zokutheleleka , kusho ukuthi:

• Umkhuhlane wembangela engaziwa
• Umuzwa wokubanda obuhlungu
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• Ukukhathala okungazelelwe
• Umphimbo obuhlungu

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha . Ungalibali.

Futhi, uma noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-valve yenhliziyo ezishiwo ngaphambilini (ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhathala, ukuvuvukala) zibonakala zintsha noma uma izimpawu ezikhona ziba zimbi kakhulu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Okokugcina, lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyikhumbule!

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi uyaqonda kahle ama-valve enhliziyo kulokho esixoxe ngakho namuhla. Kalula nje, la ma-valve afana nohlelo olubaluleke kakhulu, oluncane lweminyango enhliziyweni yethu. Uma engasebenzi kahle, kungathinta impilo yomzimba wonke.

• Vumela odokotela balalele ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Uma udokotela ezwa "ukukhala kwenhliziyo" okungavamile, bazokuhlola. Bazokutshela ukuthi kuyingozi noma cha.
• Naka izimpawu. Ungazinaki izinto ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhathala, nokuvuvukala. Kungaba yizimpawu zomzimba wakho ezikunikezayo.
• Landela indlela yokuphila enempilo. Ukudla kahle, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukugwema ukubhema, nokulawula isisindo sakho konke kubaluleke kakhulu enhliziyweni yakho.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo. Uma inkinga itholakala kusenesikhathi, kulula ukuyilapha futhi izinkinga zimbalwa.

Inhliziyo yakho ifana nenjini yempilo yakho. Kungumthwalo wakho ukuyinakekela kahle. Uma unokungabaza noma izinkinga, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela, futhi ungalokothi ufike sekwephuzile. Awuwedwa, futhi sonke, ochwepheshe bezempilo, silapha ukuzokusiza nokukuqondisa!

Ama - valve enhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, izimpawu zama-valve, impilo yenhliziyo, ukunakekelwa kwenhliziyo