Unjani umfutho wegazi lakho? Ake sithole ukuthi uyini ngempela.

Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibalulekile kubantu abaningi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esingaqondakali ngokugcwele. Lokho 'Umfutho Wegazi' noma 'umfutho' njengoba sikubiza kanjalo. Kufana nomfutho esiwuzwayo lapho igazi ligeleza emithanjeni yethu, okuyimithambo yegazi emikhulu emzimbeni wethu. Njalo ngomzuzwana inhliziyo yakho ishaya, ipompa igazi emithanjeni ethwala igazi emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kwezikhathi ezingu-60 nezingu-100 ngomzuzu, amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Le mithambo yiyo ethwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba emzimbeni wakho wonke futhi isiza umzimba wakho ukuthi usebenze kahle.

Ingabe 'Umfutho Wegazi' kanye 'Nezinga Lokushaya Kwenhliziyo' kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene?

Manje abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi 'Umfutho Wegazi' kanye 'Nezinga Lokushaya Kwenhliziyo' noma isivinini inhliziyo eshaya ngaso kuyafana. Kodwa akunjalo. Nakuba kokubili kuhlobene nenhliziyo, lezi yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Cabanga ngakho, 'Umfutho Wegazi' uwukuthi igazi lakho lishesha kangakanani nokuthi lihamba ngamandla amangaki emithanjeni yakho yegazi. 'Izinga Lokushaya Kwenhliziyo' uwukuthi inhliziyo yakho ishaya kangaki ngomzuzu.

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwenyukayo akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi umfutho wegazi nawo uphezulu. Ukuze wazi ingcindezi eqondile, udinga ukusebenzisa i-cuff kanye ne-gauge yomfutho wegazi.

Kungani umfutho wegazi ungahlali ufana?

Umfutho wegazi lakho awufani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ushintsha kuye ngokuthi wenzani. Uma uzivocavoca noma ucindezelekile, umfutho wegazi wakho uyakhuphuka. Uma ulele futhi uphumule, umfutho wegazi wakho uyancipha.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lezi zinto zingabangela nokushintsha komfutho wegazi lakho:

• Ubudala: Umfutho wegazi ungashintsha njengoba ukhula.
• Imithi oyithathayo: Eminye imithi ithinta umfutho wegazi.
• Ukushintsha kwendlela omi ngayo: Kungase kube noshintsho oluncane endleleni omi ngayo, njengalapho uhlala phansi ngokuzumayo lapho umile.

Kungani kudingeka sicabange kangaka ngomfutho wegazi? Ingabe 'umbulali othule'?

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, owaziwa nangokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi "umbulali othule" ngoba ngokuvamile awubangeli zimpawu. Ngisho noma ungezwa lutho, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungalimaza inhliziyo yakho, izinso kanye nobuchopho.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyisici esiyinhloko esibangela ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Uma ungelashwa, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungaholela ezimweni ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic yesikhashana (i-TIA)
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Inhliziyo ekhulisiwe
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle - Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugeleza kwegazi emilenzeni kuyancipha futhi kuvela ubuhlungu.
• Ubuthakathaka nokuvuvukala kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi (`Aneurysms`)
• Isifo sezinso
• Imithambo yegazi emincane emehlweni yaqhuma.

Cabanga nje, uma izinto eziningi kangaka zingenzeka emzimbeni ngaphandle kwezimpawu, yeka ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukunakekela umfutho wegazi lakho!

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola ingcindezi?

Usengozini enkulu yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme uma unesinye sezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Uma kukhona emndenini onomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo, noma isifo sikashukela (`i-Diabetes Mellitus`).
• Uma umnyama (lokhu kuwumphumela wofuzo).
• Uma uneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu.
• Uma izinga le-cholesterol egazini liphezulu.
• Uma usebenzisa amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo (`izivimbela-nzalo zomlomo`).
• Uma ukhuluphele kakhulu.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela (`Diabetes Mellitus`).
• Uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi (njengogwayi, ama-beedis).
• Uma ungazivivinyi kahle.
• Uma uvame ukudla ukudla okunosawoti omningi.

Uhlola kanjani futhi nini umfutho wegazi lakho?

Uma umfutho wegazi wakho ujwayelekile, udokotela wakho kufanele awuhlole ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho kwaminyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, uma ukufundwa komfutho wegazi wakho kuphezulu uma uvakashela udokotela wakho, angakutshela ukuthi uhlole umfutho wegazi lakho ekhaya. Lokhu kungaba izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, noma kanye ngesonto.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola umfutho wegazi lakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke . Ungakuhlola kabili noma kathathu kulandelana, kodwa linda cishe umzuzu phakathi kokufunda ngakunye. Uma usuqedile, thatha isilinganiso sokufunda okubili noma kathathu okuthathile.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi ugqoke i-blood pressure monitor yamahora angama-24, ezolinganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo umfutho wegazi lakho njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 noma engama-30 ngenkathi uqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme?

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyisici esikhulu esiyingozi sesifo senhliziyo. Uma ungelashwa, ungaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njenge-TIA, i-Stroke, kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esikhulume ngakho ngaphambilini. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa ukwenza izinguquko njengoba udokotela wakho esho.

Izinguquko ekudleni nasendleleni yokuphila

• Finyelela esisindweni esifanela umzimba wakho bese usilondoloza.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo, okunempilo enhliziyweni okunosawoti omncane, amafutha, kanye ne-cholesterol, kanye nezithelo nemifino emisha eminingi. Ukudla kahle kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawula umfutho wegazi lakho. Uhlelo lokudla lwe-DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) kanye nokunciphisa i-sodium (usawoti) kungasiza ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi. Cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akuthumele kudokotela wezokudla ukuze akusize udale uhlelo lokudla olufanele wena.
• Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala. Iningi labesilisa liyalulekwa ukuba lingaphuzi utshwala obungaphezu kwezimbili ngosuku, kanti abesifazane nabesilisa abancane bayalulekwa ukuba bangaphuzi utshwala obungaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku. (Isiphuzo esisodwa singaba ama-ounces angu-12 kabhiya, ama-ounces angu-12 e-wine cooler, ama-ounces angu-5 ewayini, noma ama-ounces angu-1.5 otshwala obuqinile.)
• Lawula ukucindezeleka nentukuthelo.
• Gwema ngokuphelele yonke imikhiqizo equkethe ugwayi kanye ne-nicotine.
• Kubalulekile futhi ukulawula amazinga amafutha egazini (i-LDL, i-Cholesterol, i-Triglycerides) kanye nezinye izimo zempilo ezifana nesifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlangana nodokotela kanye nenyanga

• Thatha yonke imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo njengoba nje eyaliwe. Ungaqali noma uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Imithi yomfutho wegazi ayiqhubeki isebenza ngemva kokuyeka ukuyithatha.
• Eminye imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, njengemithi yokuqeda ukuminyana kwegazi, ingathinta indlela imithi yakho yomfutho wegazi esebenza ngayo.
• Ungakhohlwa ukubona udokotela wakho ngezinsuku ozibekile. Angaqapha umfutho wegazi lakho, enze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo emithini yakho, futhi akusize ulawule ingozi yesifo senhliziyo yakho.

Udokotela wakho angakutshela nokuthi uhlole umfutho wegazi lakho ekhaya bese uwubhala phansi. Uma ekutshela ukuthi wenze kanjalo, landela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo.

Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlola umfutho wegazi lakho?

Ukuze ulinganise kahle umfutho wegazi lakho, khumbula lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Uma usanda kuqeda ukubhema, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukuphuza inkomishi yekhofi, linda cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuhlola umfutho wegazi lakho.
• Iya endlini encane ukhiphe indle.
• Goqa umkhono wehembe lakho. Ungagqoki ibhande phezu komkhono wehembe lakho.
• Hlala buthule ungakhulumi imizuzu emihlanu.
• Hlala uqonde, izinyawo zombili ziphansi. Ungaphambanisi imilenze yakho.
• Beka isandla sakho etafuleni elisezingeni lenhliziyo.

Umfutho wegazi ulinganiswa kanjani?

Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ulinganiswa ngesandla, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzokwenza kanje:

• Ibhande elikhethekile (`cuff`) - elixhunywe kumitha (`gauge` noma `Sphygmomanometer`) - lizungezwe ingalo yakho engenhla (ngaphezu kwendololwane).
• Ngemuva kwalokho ibhande liyafuthwa lize liqine eduze kwengalo yakho. Ithuluzi elincane elifana nebhola elixhunywe kubhande liyacindezelwa. Lokhu kucindezela umthambo wakho we-brachial, kumise okwesikhashana ukugeleza kwegazi kuwo. Kuleli qophelo, imitha kufanele ifunde cishe ama-200 mmHg.
• Okulandelayo, ngenkathi ulalele umsindo wegazi eligeleza ngemithambo yegazi engalweni yakho nge-stethoscope, i-cuff iyaphuma kancane kancane (nge-valve enamathiselwe ku-cuff). Inaliti ekwimitha izobe isiqala ukwehla.
• Uma uqala ukuzwa umsindo wegazi ligeleza (umsindo wokushaya kwenhliziyo), ubheka inani elikumitha. Lelo inani le-systolic, okuyinani eliphezulu.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, ivalvu iyavulwa kabanzi bese ibhande likhululeka ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, ingcindezi emthanjeni wengalo iyama, bese igazi liqala ukugeleza ngendlela evamile futhi. Lapho ibhande likhululeka futhi umsindo wokugeleza kwegazi uyema, inani elisemitha liyafundwa. Lelo inani le-diastolic, okuyinani eliphansi.

Kukhona neziqaphi zokucindezela kwegazi ezizenzakalelayo ongazisebenzisa ekhaya.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa komfutho wegazi?

Uma ukhathazekile futhi ukhathazekile lapho uya kudokotela wakho, ukufundwa komfutho wegazi lakho kungase kube phezulu kunalokho okuyikho ngempela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-White Coat Syndrome." Kufana nokwenyuka komfutho wegazi lakho uma ubona uboya obumhlophe bukadokotela. Uma lokho kwenzeka, udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi uhlole umfutho wegazi lakho ekhaya usuku lonke. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabhala phansi ukufundwa komfutho wegazi lakho bese ukukhombisa udokotela wakho.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokulinganisa umfutho wegazi?

Uma ulinganisa umfutho wegazi lakho, uzizwa uqinile kancane uma ufutha i-cuff engalweni yakho. Kodwa ihlala isikhathi esifushane kuphela. Bese ibuyela esimweni sayo esijwayelekile. Akukho miphumela emibi emikhulu.

Ziyini izindinganiso zomfutho wegazi esizitholayo?

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulinganisa umfutho wegazi lakho:

• Umfutho wegazi we-Systolic (inombolo ephezulu/yokuqala): Lokhu ukucindezela okungaphakathi kwemithambo yakho lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya futhi ipompa igazi emithanjeni yakho.
• Umfutho wegazi we-Diastolic (inombolo engezansi/yesibili): Lokhu umfutho ongaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi lapho inhliziyo iphumule, phakathi kokushaya kwenhliziyo okubili.

Odokotela banikeza lezi zilinganiso ngamamilimitha e-mercury (mm Hg). Kubizwa kanjalo ngoba esikhathini esidlule, amadivayisi okulinganisa ingcindezi ayequkethe i-mercury.

Kuyini umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile?

Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile ungaphansi kuka-120/80 mm Hg.

Uma 'umfutho wegazi' ungo-120-129 (inombolo ephezulu) kanti inombolo ephansi ingaphansi kuka-80 `mm Hg` , kubhekwa 'njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme' (ophakeme kancane). Abantu abakulesi sigaba, uma bengenzi lutho ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi wabo, umfutho wegazi wabo unganda kakhulu.

Ungakanani umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngendlela eyingozi?

Uma inombolo yakho ephezulu ingu-180 noma ngaphezulu, kanye/noma inombolo yakho engezansi ingu-120 noma ngaphezulu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha, noma cela othile akuyise esibhedlela ngokushesha. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Hypertensive Crisis" .

Ngesikhathi 'senkinga yokucindezeleka okukhulu', ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ocacile noma ubunzima bokukhuluma.
• Ukuhlungu obusemhlane.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi noma ukuba ndikindiki.

Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi ophansi kodwa ophakeme kusho ukuthi ungase ube nomfutho wegazi ophakeme 'weSigaba 1' noma 'weSigaba 2'.

• Isigaba 1 somfutho wegazi ophakeme: Ukufundwa okuphezulu okungu-130-139 noma ukufundwa okuphansi okungu-80-89.
• Isigaba sesi-2 somfutho wegazi ophakeme: Inani eliphezulu lingu-140 noma ngaphezulu, noma inani eliphansi lingu-90 noma ngaphezulu.

Uma ukufundwa komfutho wegazi lakho kusesigabeni 'seSigaba 1' noma 'seSigaba 2', udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi wenze izinguquko endleleni yokuphila futhi akunike imithi yomfutho wegazi lakho.

Umfutho wegazi ongakanani ophansi kakhulu?

Ukufundwa kwengcindezi engaphansi kuka-90/60 mm Hg kubhekwa njengomfutho wegazi ophansi. Abanye abantu bangase babe nomfutho wegazi ophansi ngaso sonke isikhathi, okuyinto evamile kubo. Kodwa kwabanye, umfutho wegazi ophansi usho ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Kungenzeka ukuthi abatholi igazi elanele ezithweni zabo ezibalulekile.

Ingabe inani eliphezulu noma eliphansi libaluleke kakhulu?

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa inombolo ephezulu noma engezansi ukuthola ukuthi unesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme yini. Kodwa-ke, uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, bavame ukugxila kakhulu enombolweni ephezulu (inombolo ye-systolic) njengesici esiyingozi sesifo senhliziyo.

Njengoba ukhula, imithambo yakho iba lukhuni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi njengoba amafutha ne-cholesterol (i-plaque) kwakheka, umfutho wegazi lakho uyakhuphuka.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela?

Ungathola ukuhlolwa komfutho wegazi lakho ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukufundwa kabili noma ngaphezulu (okuthathwa ngezinsuku ezahlukene) ukuze anqume ukuthi une-high blood pressure. Angase akucele ukuthi ubuye uzohlolwa ngolunye usuku.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma izinga lomfutho wegazi lakho lasekhaya liphezulu noma liphansi kunokujwayelekile, shayela udokotela wakho. Uma izinga lakho lomfutho wegazi lingu-180/120 mm Hg, noma elinye lalawo manani liphezulu, shayela u-911 ngokushesha noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, umfutho wegazi wakho ungase ube phezulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola umfutho wegazi wakho njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungaphakathi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile. Uma unengcindezi yegazi ephezulu, thatha imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Ungaqali noma uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Imithi yomfutho wegazi ayiyeki ukusebenza ngemva kokuyeka ukuyithatha. Bona udokotela wakho ngesikhathi ukuze akwazi ukuqapha umfutho wegazi lakho, enze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo emithini yakho, futhi akusize ulawule ingozi yesifo senhliziyo yakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngokwalokho esikuxoxile, ngithemba ukuthi unombono omuhle mayelana 'nomfutho wegazi'. Ngamafuphi:

• Umfutho wegazi ubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomzimba wakho.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola umfutho wegazi lakho njalo, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungaba "umbulali othule," ngakho ungalindi kuze kuvele izimpawu.
• Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukuyeka ukubhema, ukulawula ukucindezeleka) iwusizo olukhulu ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi.
• Uma udokotela ekunike imithi, yithathe njengoba uyalelwe. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
• Qaphela ukufundwa komfutho wegazi lakho, ikakhulukazi amazinga ayingozi njenge-180/120 mm Hg, futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.

Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho! Ngakho-ke kungcono ukunakekela lokhu.

Umfutho wegazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo, impilo, ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, umfutho wegazi ophakeme