Ake sifunde konke mayelana ne-Pituitary Gland: "umphathi" omncane womzimba wakho!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi indlala encane emzimbeni wakho, njengenjini yemoto, ilawula umzimba wakho wonke? Akumangalisi yini? Le ndlala encane, encane njengephizi, etholakala ngaphansi kobuchopho bethu, eyenza izinto eziningi ezimangalisayo, ibizwa ngokuthi indlala ye-pituitary . Ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe ngalo 'mphathi' omncane namuhla, akunjalo?

Iyini i-pituitary gland? Ikuphi?

Kalula nje, i-pituitary gland yakho iyi-gland encane elingana nobhontshisi, etholakala phansi kobuchopho bakho, ngaphansi nje kwenye ingxenye ebalulekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-hypothalamus . Itholakala ekamelweni elincane, elivikelwe phansi kobuchopho bakho. Leli gumbi silibiza ngokuthi i-Sella Turcica . Lena yingxenye yesistimu yakho ye-endocrine . Yenza izinhlobo eziningana zama-hormone ezibalulekile emizimbeni yethu, futhi itshela ezinye izindlala ze-endocrine ukuthi zikhiphe la ma-hormone. Incane, kodwa yenza umsebenzi omkhulu, akunjalo?

Manje cishe uzibuza ukuthi iyini indlala nokuthi iyini ama-hormone.

Indlala iyisitho esikhiqiza into eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, njengama-hormone, ujusi wokugaya ukudla, umjuluko, kanye nezinyembezi. Ama-endocrine glands akhipha ama-hormone ngqo egazini.

Ama-hormone afana nezithunywa zamakhemikhali eziqondisa umsebenzi wemizimba yethu. Ahamba egazini futhi athwale imiyalezo ezithweni zomzimba, esikhumbeni, emisipheni, nakwezinye izicubu. Le miyalezo itshela umzimba ukuthi wenzeni nokuthi ukwenze nini.

Indlala yakho ye-pituitary ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-anterior pituitary ( i-front lobe) kanye ne-posterior pituitary ( i-back lobe). Le ndlala ixhunywe kwi-hypothalamus ngesiqu esincane semithambo yegazi kanye nemizwa esibizwa ngokuthi isiqu se-pituitary noma i-infundibulum .

Yimaphi ama-hormone abaluleke kakhulu akhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland?

Ake sibheke ukuthi yimaphi ama-hormone abalulekile avela kule ndlala encane.

Ama-hormone avela ku-Anterior Lobe

Le ngxenye ikhiqiza futhi ikhiphe ama-hormone amaningi abalulekile egazini.

• I-hormone ye-Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) noma i-corticotrophin: Lokhu kuthinta indlela imizimba yethu esabela ngayo ekucindezelekeni . Kuvuselela izindlala zakho ze-adrenal ukuze zikhiqize i- cortisol "ye-hormone yokucindezeleka". I-Cortisol inemisebenzi eminingi. Isibonelo, ilawula imetabolism , igcina umfutho wegazi , ilawula amazinga kashukela egazini , futhi inciphisa ukuvuvukala .
• I-hormone evuselela i-follicle (i-FSH):Uma ungowesilisa, i-FSH ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda. Uma ungowesifazane, i-FSH ikhuthaza ama-ovari ukuthi akhiqize i-estrogen , esiza namaqanda ukuthi akhule. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-gonadotrophic hormone .
• I-Growth hormone (GH): Lokhu kusiza izingane zikhule, okusho ukuthi zikhula zibe zinde. Kwabantu abadala, kusiza ukugcina imisipha namathambo enempilo kanye nokulawula ukugcinwa kwamafutha. I-GH iphinde ithinte indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo ukudla (indlela oguqula ngayo ukudla okudlayo kube amandla).
• I-Luteinizing hormone (LH): Ikhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda uma unama-ovari, futhi ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone uma unama-testicles. I-LH futhi iyi-gonadotrophic hormone ngoba ilawula ukusebenza kwama-ovari nama-testicles (okubizwa nangokuthi ama-gonads ).
• I-Prolactin: Lokhu kuvuselela ukuncelisa ngemva kokubeletha. Kungathinta nokuzala kanye nokusebenza kocansi kubantu abadala.
• I-hormone evuselela i-thyroid (TSH): I-TSH ivuselela i-thyroid gland yakho ukuze ikhiqize ama-hormone e-thyroid, asiza ekuphatheni i-metabolism yakho, amazinga wamandla, kanye nesistimu yezinzwa .

Ama-hormone avela ku-Posterior Lobe

Le ngxenye ayikhiqizi ama-hormone, kodwa ama-hormone amabili akhiqizwa yi-hypothalamus agcinwa lapha futhi akhishwe egazini uma kudingeka.

• I-hormone ye-antidiuretic (ADH) noma i-vasopressin: Le hormone ilinganisela inani lamanzi ne-sodium emzimbeni wakho.
• I-Oxytocin: I-Oxytocin ikhiqizwa yi-hypothalamus futhi igcinwa futhi ikhishwe yi-pituitary gland. Isiza ekwenzeni kube lula ukubeletha ngokuthumela izimpawu esibelethweni ukuze zinciphe ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Iphinde isize ekubangeleni ukwehla kobisi futhi ikhuthaze ukusondelana phakathi kwabazali nezingane. I-Oxytocin idlala indima ekunyakazeni kwesidoda.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-pituitary gland?

Cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi le ndlala encane ibaluleke kangakanani. Nazi ezinye zemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko:

• Ukukhula
• I-Metabolism (okungukuthi, indlela oguqula ngayo ukudla okudlayo kube amandla bese uphatha lawo mandla)
• Ukukhiqiza kabusha
• Ukusabela ekucindezelekeni noma ekulimaleni ngokomzimba
• Ukuncelisa
• Ibhalansi yamanzi kanye ne-sodium (usawoti)
• Ukubeletha nokubeletha

Cabanga nge-thermostat ekhaya lakho.Kufana nenye. I-thermostat iqapha njalo izinga lokushisa ekhaya lakho futhi isebenza ukukugcina ukhululekile, akunjalo? Ithumela izimpawu ku-heater nakwi-cooler ukuze kwandiswe noma kwehliswe izinga lokushisa ngaleli nani, ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa ekhaya lakho lisezingeni elithile.

Indlala yakho ye-pituitary ifana nawe, iqapha imisebenzi yomzimba wakho. Indlala ye-pituitary ithumela imiyalezo ezithweni nasezinhlayiyeni zakho ngama-hormone ayo, ithi, 'Nakhu okudingeka ukwenze, ngalesi sikhathi.' Ukuthi yiziphi izilungiselelo ezifanele umzimba wakho kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengobudala bakho nobulili.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-hypothalamus ne-pituitary gland?

Indlala yakho ye-pituitary kanye ne-hypothalamus zisebenza ndawonye ukwakha i-Hypothalamus-Pituitary complex . Lokhu kufana nesikhungo sokulawula esiyinhloko sobuchopho bakho, esilawula imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wakho.

I-hypothalamus yingxenye yobuchopho bakho ephethe eminye yemisebenzi eyisisekelo yomzimba. Ithumela imiyalezo ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa oluzimele , olulawula izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nokuphefumula. Iphinde itshele indlala ye-pituitary ukuthi ikhiqize futhi ikhulule ama-hormone athinta ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, indlala ye-pituitary ixhunywe kwi-hypothalamus ngesiqu se-pituitary . Kungalesi siqu lapho i-hypothalamus ixhumana khona nendlala ye-anterior pituitary ngama-hormone kanye nendlala ye-posterior pituitary ngama-nerve impulses. I-Oxytocin kanye ne-antidiuretic hormone nazo zikhiqizwa yi-hypothalamus. I-hypothalamus inesibopho sokugcina nokukhulula la ma-hormone endlaleni ye-posterior pituitary.

I-hypothalamus ixhumana futhi ivuselele indlala ye-pituitary, ikhiqiza ama-hormone anjengalawa:

• I-hormone ekhulula i-corticotrophin (CRH)
• I-Dopamine
• I-hormone ekhulula i-Gonadotropin (i-GnRH)
• I-hormone yokukhulisa ekhulula i-hormone (GHRH)
• I-Somatostatin
• I-hormone ekhulula i-Thyrotropin (TRH)

Ngenxa yokuthi lezi ezimbili (i-hypothalamus ne-pituitary) zisebenza eduze kakhulu, uma enye yonakele, ingathinta nokusebenza kwamahomoni kwenye.

Kungenzeka yini ukuphila ngaphandle kwe-pituitary gland?

Yebo, ungaphila ngaphandle kwe-pituitary gland yakho, kodwa ukuze wenze kanjalo, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-replacement therapy ukuze ungene esikhundleni sama-hormone e-pituitary angekho. Ngoba ama-hormone e-pituitary abalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene emzimbeni. Uma wonke ama-hormone e-pituitary ephelile futhi eshiywa engelashwa, kungaba yingozi empilweni.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta i-pituitary gland?

Kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezithinta noma ezibangelwa ukusebenza kwe-pituitary gland. Lezi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:

• Ama-adenoma e-pituitary
• I-Hypopituitarism
• I-Hyperpituitarism
• I-Empty sella syndrome

Ake sixoxe ngemininingwane eminingi ngalezi zinto.

Ama-Adenoma e-Pituitary

Lolu uhlobo lwesimila esingenabungozi esikhula endlaleni ye-pituitary. Ama-adenoma e-pituitary aqukethe cishe u-10% kuya ku-15% wazo zonke izimila ezikhula ngaphakathi kobuchopho.

Lezi zivame ukukhula zibe nkulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ziba nkulu kakhulu, zingadala izimpawu ngokucindezela izinto eziseduze. Ngezinye izikhathi zingacindezela i-optic nerve, okubangela izinkinga zokubona (njengokulahlekelwa umbono ongaphandle). Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi ama-adenoma amakhulu e-pituitary angopha igazi.

Amanye ama-adenoma e-pituitary akhiqiza i-hormone ye-pituitary eningi kakhulu. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-adenoma athi ``Ukusebenza/Ukufihla``` . Amanye awakhiqizi i-hormone. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-adenoma athi ``Angasebenzi``` .

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-adenoma asebenzayo, kuye ngokuthi akhiqiza i-hormone. I-adenoma esebenzayo evame kakhulu yi -prolactinoma . Lokhu kukhiqiza i-prolactin eningi kakhulu. Ama-prolactinoma avame ukwelashwa ngemithi.

Izimila zepituitary ezinkulu kakhulu futhi/noma ezikhiqiza ama-hormone zidinga ukwelashwa, ngokuvamile ukuhlinzwa .

I-Hypopituitarism

Lesi yisimo lapho i-pituitary gland yakho ikhiqiza khona okuncane kakhulu kwe-hormone eyodwa, eziningana, noma zonke ezikhiqizwayo.

Ngokuvamile, ukuntuleka kwehomoni elilodwa kubonakala. Ukuntuleka kwamahomoni amabili noma ngaphezulu e-pituitary kubizwa ngokuthi i-panhypopituitarism . Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-pituitary noma ngemva kwemisebe yobuchopho .

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-hypopituitarism ukulimala kwe-pituitary gland noma i-hypothalamus.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ezihlobene nalesi simo:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland ingakhiqizi i-hormone yokukhula eyanele (GH). Ezinganeni, ukukhula nokukhula kuyaphazamiseka, futhi ukuthomba kuyalibaziseka. Kubantu abadala, kuba nezinkinga ze-metabolic.
• Isifo sikashukela esiphakathi insipidus:Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland ingakhiqizi i-hormone ye-antidiuretic eyanele (ADH). Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umzimba ukhiphe umchamo omningi kakhulu futhi ungakwazi ukugcina amanzi.
• I-Central hypogonadism: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland ingakhiqizi i-luteinizing hormone (LH) eyanele kanye ne-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Lokhu kubangela izinkinga ngomsebenzi wobulili, intuthuko, kanye nokuzala.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal ephakathi: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland ingakhiqizi i-ACTH eyanele. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umzimba ungakwazi ukukhiqiza i-cortisol.
• I-Central hypothyroidism: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland ingakhiqizi i-hormone eyanele evuselela i-thyroid (TSH), okubangela amazinga aphansi e-hormone ye-thyroid.

I-Hypopituitarism iphathwa ngokunikeza ama-hormone antulayo ngaphandle kanye nokuqapha lawo mazinga ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.

I-Hyperpituitarism

Lesi yisimo lapho i-pituitary gland yakho ikhiqiza khona i-hormone eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngokweqile. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yi-pituitary adenoma esebenzayo (isimila esingesona umdlavuza).

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ezihlobene nalesi simo:

• I-Acromegaly: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland ikhiqiza i-hormone yokukhula (GH) eningi kakhulu ngesikhathi sobudala. Lokhu kubangela ukwanda kwezingxenye ezithile zomzimba, njengezandla, izinyawo, kanye/noma izitho zangaphakathi, kanye nezinkinga ze-metabolic.
• I-Gigantism: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland ikhiqiza i-hormone yokukhula (GH) eningi kakhulu ngesikhathi sobuntwana noma sobusha. Lokhu kubangela ukukhula okusheshayo nokuphakama ngokweqile.
• Isifo sikaCushing: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland ikhiqiza i-ACTH eningi kakhulu (okubangela ukuthi i-adrenal gland ikhiqize i-cortisol eningi kakhulu). Lokhu kungabangela ukukhuluphala okungazelelwe ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba, amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini, futhi kungaholela ngisho nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 .
• I-Hyperprolactinemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pituitary gland ikhiqiza i-prolactin eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukuzala kanye nokukhishwa kobisi okuvela emabeleni (i-galactorrhea) .

I-Empty Sella Syndrome

I-Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) yisimo esingavamile. Sivela lapho i-pituitary gland iba yisicaba noma incipha ngenxa yenkinga ngesakhiwo samathambo esisizungezile nesisivikelayo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Sella Turcica . I-Sella Turcica iyigumbi elimise okwesihlalo. Livela egameni lesiLatini elisho "isihlalo saseTurkey."

Iseli elingenalutho liyisifo sokuxilongwa nge-x-ray.Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akube yisimo sangempela sezokwelapha, futhi kutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuskena.

Kwezinye izimo, i-ESS ingabangela izimpawu ezifana nokungalingani kwama-hormone, ikhanda elibuhlungu njalo, kanye nokushintsha kombono. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga ama-hormone e-pituitary engaphakathi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziba khona uma kunezinkinga nge-pituitary gland?

Ama-adenoma amakhulu e-pituitary (lawa angama-tumors angewona umdlavuza) angacindezela noma alimaze izicubu eziseduze. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Izinkinga zokubona (njengokulahlekelwa umbono ongaphandle)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukungalingani kwama-hormone okubangelwa ukwanda noma ukwehla kwama-hormone e-pituitary

Ukungalingani kwama-hormone e-pituitary kungabangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi i-hormone ithintekile. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• Ukukhula kancane noma ukukhula ngokweqile ezinganeni
• Ukwehla kokuzala kwabesifazane nabesilisa (Ukungazali)
• Imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile
• Ukwanda noma ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ukucindezeleka kanye/noma Ukukhathazeka

Uma unezimpawu ezintsha neziqhubekayo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangenza izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula ukuze bathole ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibangelwa inkinga yamahomoni noma okunye.

Ubani okufanele simtshele ngenkinga efana nale?

Izinkinga ze-pituitary gland zivame ukwelashwa odokotela be-endocrinologists .

I-endocrinologist udokotela ogxile ezifweni ezihlobene nama-hormone. Angakwazi ukuxilonga izifo ze-endocrine (ama-hormone), athuthukise izinhlelo zokwelapha nokuphatha, futhi anikeze imithi.

Uma unenkinga ye-pituitary gland, njenge-pituitary adenoma, ethinta izakhiwo zobuchopho kanye/noma edinga ukuhlinzwa, kungadingeka ukuthi ubonane nodokotela ohlinzayo wezinzwa .

Odokotela bazixilonga kanjani izinkinga ze-pituitary gland?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-pituitary gland yakho ikhipha ama-hormone ngqo egazini lakho, odokotela bavame ukulinganisa amazinga ama-hormone e-pituitary ngokuhlolwa kwegazi .

Uma amazinga akho ama-hormone engajwayelekile, udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe, njenge -CT scan noma i-MRI scan, ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kunenkinga yini nge-pituitary gland. Ngokuvamile, kwenziwa i-pituitary MRI ekhethekile ukuze kubonakale kahle i-pituitary gland kanye nesiqu sayo.

Siyigcina kanjani indlala yethu ye-pituitary iphilile?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina i-pituitary gland yakho iphilile ukuvikela ikhanda lakho. Ukulimala ekhanda kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (ii-TBI)Kungalimaza indlala yakho ye-pituitary, okubangela ukuthi ikhiqize amahomoni amaningi kakhulu noma ambalwa kakhulu.

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwekhanda nobuchopho:

• Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo noma nini lapho usemotweni.
• Shayela ngokuphepha.
• Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela ibhayisikili, isithuthuthu, noma udlala imidlalo ethintana nomuntu.
• Thatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuwa, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu yokuwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca okwandisa amandla nokulinganisela, ukususa izithiyo nezinto ezishelelayo ekhaya lakho, ukusebenzisa i-walking aid, kanye nokuhlola umbono wakho.
• Uma unezingane ezincane, yenza izindawo ezihlala kuzo futhi udlale ngokuphephile.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana ne-pituitary gland?

Uma unezimpawu ze-pituitary adenoma kanye/noma izimpawu zokungalingani kwamahomoni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangenza izivivinyo ezithile ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle nge-pituitary gland yakho.

Uma usanda kulimala kakhulu ebuchosheni (i-Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI) , udokotela wakho cishe uzoqapha ukusebenza kwe-pituitary gland yakho ukuze abone ukuthi isebenza kahle yini nokuthi yonakaliswe yini ukulimala.

Ngamafuphi, nazi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya):

Indlala yakho ye-pituitary iyindlala encane kakhulu, kodwa enamandla elawula izinqubo eziningi ezibalulekile emzimbeni wakho wonke! Kufana 'nomphathi' omncane.

Ikhiqiza ama-hormone alawula izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukukhula kwakho, ukugaya ukudla, ukuzala, kanye nendlela obhekana ngayo nokucindezeleka. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina le ndlala encane iphilile kubaluleke kakhulu.

• Nakekela ikhanda lakho: gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela, hlala uphephile.
• Qaphela izimpawu ezingavamile: Tshela udokotela uma unesifo sekhanda esingapheli, izinkinga zokubona, izinguquko zesisindo ngokuzumayo, noma ukukhathala okukhulu.
• Ungakhathazeki: izinkinga eziningi ze-pituitary gland zinezindlela zokwelapha ezinhle. Uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi, zingaphathwa kahle.

Manje usuyazi okuningi ngale ngxenye encane emangalisayo yomzimba wakho. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, ungalokothi unqikaze ukukhuluma nodokotela. Hlala uphilile!

Indlala ye - pituitary, ama-hormone, ubuchopho, uhlelo lwe-endocrine, izifo ze-pituitary, i-hypothalamus, i-hormone yokukhula