Imfihlo ngemuva kokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho: Ake sifunde ngeSistimu Yokuqhutshwa Kwenhliziyo.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ishaya kanjani ngokungaguquki kangaka, ngokunembile kangaka? Kufana nezandla zewashi ezishaya, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, nsuku zonke, iminyaka eminingi... Lokhu akuyona nje enye into. Kukhona uhlelo lukagesi olumangalisayo ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yethu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Cardiac Conduction System. Lokhu kufana 'nohlelo lokuxhuma ugesi' oluncane enhliziyweni uqobo. Ake sixoxe ngalolu hlelo olumangalisayo ngamazwi alula namuhla.

Iyini isistimu yokuqhuba inhliziyo?

Kalula nje, uhlelo lokuhambisa inhliziyo yakho luyinethiwekhi yamaseli akhethekile, ama-node, kanye nezimpawu zikagesi. Konke lokhu kusebenza ndawonye ukugcina inhliziyo yakho ishaya. Njengoba nje indlu idinga uhlelo lokuxhuma izintambo ukuze ikhanyise izibani, inhliziyo yakho ayikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwalo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli alawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yethu:

• Amaseli aqhuba: Lawa yiwo athwala izimpawu zikagesi. Afana nezithunywa ezincane.
• Amaseli emisipha: Yilawa alawula ukufinyela kwenhliziyo. Okusho ukuthi, 'amaphampu' enhliziyo.

Lezi zimpawu zikagesi zitshela inhliziyo ukuthi kufanele ipompe igazi nini futhi kanjani emzimbeni wonke. Cabanga ngakho njengomlawuli wethrafikhi, ogcina inhliziyo isebenza ngesikhathi esifanele.

Lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani?

Uhlelo lokuhambisa inhliziyo yakho yilona olunikeza isignali yokuqala ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Luphinde lutshele izingxenye ezahlukene zenhliziyo ukuthi kufanele zinciphe nini nokuthi kufanele ziphumule nini. Le nqubo yokunciphisa nokuphumula yiyo elawula ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni nasemzimbeni wonke.

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlelo lokuhambisa ugesi lugcina ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuzinzile nokulinganayo . Luphinde lusize ukusheshisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho uma udinga igazi eliningi nomoya-mpilo (isibonelo, uma uzivocavoca) futhi lwehlise ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho uma uphumule.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ngokushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye, izimpawu zikagesi zihamba endleleni yokuhambisa umoya enhliziyweni. Lokhu kufana nendlela ugesi ohamba ngayo ngezintambo ezisetshenziswa ekhaya. Kuqala ngokukhishwa kwesignali yokuvuselela okuvela engxenyeni yenhliziyo yakho ebizwa ngokuthi i-sinoatrial (SA) node .

Lesi siginali sokuvuselela sihamba kanje:

1. I-Atria (amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo): Lesi siginali siya kuqala ku-atria. I-atria bese iyafinyela.

2. I-node ye-Atrioventricular (AV): Okulandelayo, isignali iya kwi-node ye-AV. Lapha, isignali ibambezeleka kancane. Isizathu salokhu ukunikeza lonke igazi ngesikhathi se-atria ukuze lithuthele emakamelweni aphansi enhliziyo.

3. Inqwaba Yakhe: Ngemva kwe-AV node, isignali ihamba ngale nqwaba Yakhe iye kuma-fiber ePurkinje.

4. Amaseli (ama-Ventricle - amakamelo aphansi enhliziyo) ngemicu yePurkinje:Lapho ekugcineni amaseli ethola lesi signali, ayafinyela. Yilapho igazi likhishwa khona enhliziyweni nasemzimbeni wonke.

Uma lezi zinyathelo zihlangana, kuba ukufinyela okuphelele kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Uhlelo lokuhambisa ugesi lwenhliziyo yakho luthumela izinkulungwane zalezi zimpawu ngosuku, lugcina inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngaphandle kokuma. Akumangalisi yini?

Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu yokuhambisa inhliziyo?

Kunamaseli nama-node amaningana akhethekile ohlelweni lokuhambisa inhliziyo yakho alawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Lawa:

• I-node ye-Sinoatrial (i-node ye-SA)
• I-Atrioventricular node (i-AV node)
• Inqwaba Yakhe (inqwaba ye-atrioventricular)
• Imicu yePurkinje

Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

I-Sinoatrial node (i-Sinoatrial - SA node)

I-node yakho ye-sinoatrial (i-SA node) iyi-pacemaker yemvelo yenhliziyo. Ifana 'nomphathi' wenhliziyo. Yiyo ethumela ama-pulse kagesi aqala ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma i-SA node ingasebenzi kahle, izingxenye ezingezansi zesistimu yokuhambisa umoya zisebenza njengamaseli e-pacemaker asizayo.

I-SA node itholakala engxenyeni engenhla ye-atrium yesokudla yenhliziyo. Ikakhulukazi, eduze kwalapho i-vena cava ephezulu, umthambo omkhulu othwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka emzimbeni wakho liye enhliziyweni, uhlangana ne-atrium.

Isimiso sakho sezinzwa esizimele silawula ukuthi i-SA node ithumela ngokushesha noma kancane kangakanani izimpawu zikagesi. Le ngxenye yesimiso sezinzwa ikhipha ama-hormone alawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ngokusekelwe kulokho okwenzayo. Isibonelo, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho liyakhula uma uzivocavoca futhi liyancipha uma ulele.

Uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzimele lunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Isimiso sezinzwa esinozwela: Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa 'nokusabela kokulwa noma kokubaleka'. Kuvuselela i-SA node, kwandisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Isistimu yezinzwa ye-Parasympathetic: Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa 'nokuphendula kokuphumula nokugaya'. Kwehlisa ijubane le-SA node futhi kwehlise ijubane lokushaya kwenhliziyo.

I-Atrioventricular node (i-AV node)

I-node yakho ye-atrioventricular (i-AV node) itholakala eduze nesikhungo senhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kwenza ngokulibazisa isignali kagesi evela ku-node ye-SA isikhathi esithile (ingxenye yomzuzwana) isikhathi ngasinye.

Lokhu kubambezeleka kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke igazi elisemakamelweni aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria) selidlulele emakamelweni aphansi (imithambo) ngaphambi kokuba iyeke ukuminyana.

I-atria yiyo ethola igazi emzimbeni bese ilithumela emangqamuzaneni.

Inqwaba Yakhe (inqwaba ye-atrioventricular)

Inqwaba ye-His iyinqwaba yemicu (amaseli ezinzwa) eqala ku-node ye-AV. Le nqwaba yemicu ithola isignali kagesi evela ku-node ye-AV bese iyiyisa ku-fibre ye-Purkinje.

Inqwaba yezinwele idlula odongeni (septum) oluhlukanisa ama-ventricle akho angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele. Le nqwaba yezinwele inamagatsha amabili ayinhloko:

• Igatsha le-bundle lesobunxele: Lokhu kuthumela izimpawu zikagesi ku-ventricle yesobunxele ngemicu ye-Purkinje.
• Igatsha lesikhwama sokudla: Lokhu kuthumela izimpawu zikagesi ku-ventricle efanele ngemicu yePurkinje.

Imicu yePurkinje

Imicu ye-Purkinje iyinethiwekhi yamaseli emizwa akhethekile adlulisela ngokushesha izimpawu zikagesi emakamelweni angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele enhliziyo yakho. Imicu ye-Purkinje itholakala ezindongeni zama-ventricle akho, ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwezicubu oluhlanganisa amakamelo enhliziyo yakho.

Uma imicu yePurkinje ithumela izimpawu zikagesi emaselini akho, amaseli ayafinyela. Igazi libe seligeleza lisuka kwi-ventricle yesokudla liye emithanjeni yamaphaphu bese lisuka kwi-ventricle yesobunxele liye kwi-aorta. Imithambo yamaphaphu ithwala igazi liye emaphashini ukuze ithathe umoya-mpilo. I-aorta iwumthambo omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wakho, futhi ithwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Zibukeka kanjani lezi zingxenye?

Lezi yizingxenye ezincane ngempela. Isibonelo, i-node ethi `SA` ingamamilimitha ayi-15 ubude (cishe usayizi wephini le-stapler) futhi cishe amamilimitha ayi-4 ububanzi. I-node ethi `AV` ingamamilimitha ayi-5 ubude nobubanzi (cishe ingxenye yeswishi yokukhanyisa). Inqwaba ye-His, amagatsha ayo, kanye nemicu ye-Purkinje ndawonye kuthiwa ibukeka njengomuthi obheke phansi. Inqwaba ye-His namagatsha ayo ibukeka njengesiqu somuthi, kanti imicu ye-Purkinje ibukeka njengamagatsha esihlahla.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingavela kulesi simiso?

Izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene zingathinta uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo yakho. Izinkinga ngohlelo lokuhambisa inhliziyo zingabangela izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo .

Izinkinga ezivamile zesigqi senhliziyo:

Nazi ezinye izimo ezivamile:

• I-Arrhythmia: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atrial fibrillation (Afib).
• I-Bundle branch block: Ukuvaleka kwemicu yePurkinje kolunye uhlangothi lwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuvinjwa kwenhliziyo: Ukudluliselwa kwesignali kagesi okuphazamisekile phakathi kwe-atria nama-ventricle enhliziyo.
• I-Long QT syndrome (LQTS): Inhliziyo ithatha isikhathi eside ukuncipha futhi ibuyele esimweni sayo esijwayelekile. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela i-syncope noma ukumiswa kwenhliziyo.
• Ukufinyela kwe-ventricle ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Isimo lapho inhliziyo ishaya khona kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma umuzwa "wokushaya kwenhliziyo okuphuthelwe."
• Ukuma kwenhliziyo: Ukuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe okubangelwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okukhulu. Lokhu kungaba yingozi uma kungelashwa ngokushesha. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zenkinga?

Uma kunenkinga ngesistimu yokuhambisa inhliziyo yakho, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)
• Isiyezi
• Isiyezi
• Umsebenzi onzima

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Udokotela angenza i-electrocardiogram (EKG) ukuhlola isigqi senhliziyo yakho. Uma befuna ukuqhubeka nokuqapha ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo yakho, bangakucela ukuthi ugqoke i-heart monitor izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto. Ucwaningo lwe-electrophysiology lungakunikeza ulwazi olujulile mayelana nohlelo lokuhambisa inhliziyo yakho.

Izinkinga ngohlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo zingelashwa ngemithi kanye nokwelashwa okufana nokufakelwa kwe-pacemaker .

Ngingawugcina kanjani uhlelo lokuhambisa inhliziyo yami luphilile?

Asikwazi ukushintsha izici zofuzo ezibangela izinkinga eziningi zesigqi senhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, ungasiza ukugcina inhliziyo yakho yonke iphilile ngokulandela imikhuba enempilo . Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Yeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi futhi ugweme intuthu ebhemayo.
• Thatha umuthi njengoba nje udokotela emyalile.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwakho kotshwala noma iziphuzo ezine-caffeine .
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco njengezithelo, imifino, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele.
• Zivocavoce ngokomzimba okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela ezinempilo njengokwelapha ngenkulumo noma ukuzindla.

Ungase ungazi ngohlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo yakho uze ube nenkinga ngesigqi senhliziyo yakho. Kodwa lezi zimpawu zokuhambisa umoya yizo ezenza inhliziyo yakho ishaye futhi ihambise igazi kuyo. Ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani kungakusiza ukuthi ubone izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi uthole usizo.

Amaphuzu amafushane okufanele uwakhumbule

Kulungile, ake sibukeze ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sizikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla.

• Uhlelo lokuhambisa inhliziyo yenhliziyo yakho luyinethiwekhi kagesi elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.
• Yakhiwa izingxenye eziyinhloko ezibizwa ngokuthi i-node ethi `SA`, i-node ethi `AV`, i-bundle of His, kanye ne-Purkinje fibers .
• Izinkinga ngalolu hlelo zingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-arrhythmias) .
• Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukuquleka, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukuyeka ukubhema, kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka), ungagcina uhlelo lwakho lwenhliziyo nenhliziyo yonke luphilile.

Ngakho-ke, nakekela inhliziyo yakho. Kuyisitho esimangalisayo esisebenza ngokuzikhandla kuwe!

Uhlelo lokuhambisa inhliziyo , uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, i-SA node, i-AV node, i-arrhythmia, isifo senhliziyo