Uyazi ngale 'fektri' encane emizimbeni yethu? Ake sixoxe nge-pancreas!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi sikugaya kanjani ukudla esikudlayo nokuthi imizimba yethu ilawula kanjani amazinga ethu kashukela egazini? I-pancreas iyisitho esimangalisayo esifihliwe ngaphakathi esiswini sethu esisiza kukho konke lokhu. Kufana nefektri encane, eyenza imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile ngesikhathi esisodwa! Kalula nje, iyingxenye yesistimu yethu yokugaya ukudla kanye nengxenye yesistimu yethu ye-endocrine (okungukuthi, uhlelo olukhiqiza ama-hormone).

Kwenzekani ngempela kuma-pancreas?

I-pancreas isisiza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Enye iwukusisiza ekugayeni ukudla, kanti enye iwukwenza ama-hormone alawula inani likashukela egazini lethu. Uma lokhu okubili kungasebenzi kahle, kungathinta ezinye izitho ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo yethu, isibindi nezinso.

Indlela yokusiza ngokugaya ukudla

Ake sithi udle ukudla okumnandi. Asicabangi kakhulu ngalokho okuzokwenzeka ngokulandelayo, akunjalo, ngaphandle kokuthi sihlushwa yisisu? Kodwa kunomsebenzi omningi owenziwayo emizimbeni yethu. Yilokhu okusizayo i-pancreas kuqala.

I-pancreas ikhiqiza cishe amalitha angu-1 kuya kwangu-4 oketshezi olugcwele ama-enzyme nsuku zonke. Leli nani liyahlukahluka kuye ngenani lokudla esikudlayo. La ma-enzyme aphula amaprotheni, amafutha, kanye nama-carbohydrate ekudleni esikudlayo kube yizicucu ezincane umzimba ongazimunca.

Nakhu ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani:

• Ngemva kokudla, i-pancreas ithumela lolu ketshezi lwe-enzyme ngemigudu emincane (imigudu) iye emgudwini oyinhloko we-pancreas.
• Lo msele oyinhloko we-pancreatic uxhumeka kumsele wethu we-bile . Umsele we-bile uphethe uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-bile, olukhiqizwa esibindini bese lugcinwa enyongweni. Lo msele uyasiza nasekugayeni ukudla.
• Inyongo evela enyongweni kanye noketshezi lwe-enzyme oluvela enyongweni zombili ziyahlangana futhi zingene e-duodenum , ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu ethu amancane (indawo yokuqala lapho ukudla kuphuma khona esiswini).
• Yilapho lawa ma-fluid amabili ehlangana khona bese eqala ukuphula nokugaya ukudla kahle.

Akumangalisi yini? Zingaki izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nalezi ezenzeka emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele!

Ukwenza ama-hormone

Omunye umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu we-pancreas ukukhiqiza ama-hormone. Ikakhulukazi, ama-hormone amabili abaluleke kakhulu alawula amazinga ethu kashukela egazini akhiqizwa lapha. Lawa yi -insulin ne-glucagon .

• Uma izinga likashukela egazini lakho likhuphuka, i-pancreas ikhipha i-insulin . I-insulin ihambisa ushukela osele emangqamuzaneni, yehlise izinga likashukela egazini.
• Futhi, uma izinga likashukela egazini lakho lehla (isibonelo, uma ungadlanga isikhathi eside), i-pancreas ikhipha i-glucagon . I-Glucagon iyahamba futhi ikhiphe ushukela ogcinwe esibindini sethu (njenge-glycogen) ibuyele egazini, inyuse izinga likashukela egazini.

Ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini elinganisiwe ngale ndlela kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwazo zonke izitho zomzimba.

Ikuphi i-pancreas?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lesi sitho esimangalisayo sicashe kuphi emzimbeni wethu. I-pancreas itholakala ngemuva kwesisu sethu naphambi komgogodla wethu. Ifana nendawo ephephile. Izungezile kunezinye izitho ezibalulekile njenge-gallbladder yethu, isibindi, kanye ne-spleen.

I-pancreas itholakala ngaluphi uhlangothi lomzimba?

'Ikhanda' le-pancreas lingakwesokudla komzimba wethu. Ligoba lizungeze i-duodenum, ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu ethu amancane. 'Umsila' we-pancreas udlulela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lomzimba, eduze kwe-spleen .

Yiziphi izingxenye ze-pancreas?

Kalula nje, i-pancreas ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezine:

• Ikhanda: Ingxenye ebanzi kakhulu yepancreas, etholakala ngaphakathi kwe-duodenum.
• Intamo: Ingxenye emfushane eqala ekhanda.
• Umzimba: Ingxenye ephakathi kwekhanda nentamo, ebheke phezulu kancane.
• Umsila: Ingxenye encane kakhulu yepancreas, ephela eduze kwe-spleen.

Ibukeka kanjani i-pancreas?

I-pancreas ibukeka njengepheya . Ijiyile ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi iyancipha ibe yingxenyana encane. Uma uyithinta ngaphandle , ilukhuni futhi inamaqhubu, njenge-corncob. Ingamasentimitha angu-6 ubude - cishe ubude besandla sakho. Inesisindo esingamagremu angu-90 (cishe amakhilogremu angu-0.20), okuyisisindo esingamagremu ajwayelekile.

Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta ama-pancreas?

Ngeshwa, i-pancreas, eyenza imisebenzi ebaluleke kangaka, ingakha nezifo ezithile. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1: Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi i-pancreas ayikhiqizi i-insulin eyanele. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa inkinga ngesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: Kulolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela, i-pancreas ikhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa umzimba awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumelana ne-insulin). Noma, umzimba ungase ungakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele.
• I-Hyperglycemia (ushukela ophezulu egazini): Uma i-pancreas ikhiqiza i-glucagon eningi kakhulu, noma uma ingenayo i-insulin eyanele, izinga likashukela egazini liyakhuphuka.
• I-Hypoglycemia (ushukela ophansi egazini): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kukhiqizwa i-insulin eningi kakhulu (mhlawumbe uma umthamo wemithi yesifo sikashukela ukhuphukile), okubangela ukuthi izinga likashukela egazini lehle kakhulu.
• I-Pancreatitis:Lesi yisimo esiyingozi. Kwenzeka lapho ama-enzyme akhiqizwa ku-pancreas eqala ukusebenza ngaphakathi ku-pancreas ngaphambi kokuba afike emathunjini amancane (i-duodenum). Lokhu kungalimaza i-pancreas uqobo. Amatshe enyongo noma ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko. Kungavela ngokuzumayo futhi kube ngcono (i-pancreatitis ebukhali) noma kungaba yisifo esingamahlalakhona.
• Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic: Isimo esenzeka lapho amangqamuzana e-pancreas eba umdlavuza. Lokhu kubhekwa njengohlobo lomdlavuza okunzima ukulubona nokwelapha ngoba izimpawu azivamile ukuba khona ezigabeni zokuqala.

Izimpawu ezivamile zesifo se-pancreatic

Nokho, wazi kanjani ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle nge-pancreas yakho? Akuzona zonke izifo ezinazo zonke lezi zimpawu, kodwa bheka ukuthi unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu besisu , ikakhulukazi esiswini esingaphezulu, ngezinye izikhathi buhambisana nobuhlungu bomhlane. Lobuhlungu bungase bube bubi kakhulu ngemva kokudla.
• Ukuhlungu obusemhlane.
• Ukubona okufiphele (lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesifo sikashukela).
• Umchamo omnyama, noma indle ethambile enombala okhanyayo, enamafutha.
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo.
• Ukoma njalo kanye nesidingo sokuchama njalo (lokhu futhi kuyizimpawu zesifo sikashukela).
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi izitho zakho zomzimba ziyaphela amandla.
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• I-jaundice (ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba). Lokhu kwenzeka uma umgudu wenyongo uvalekile.

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela futhi ucele iseluleko.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola impilo ye-pancreas

Ngenxa yokuthi i-pancreas ifihliwe kakhulu emizimbeni yethu, kunzima ngodokotela ukutshela isimo sayo ngokuyibuka nje. Yingakho besebenzisa izivivinyo ezikhethekile ezifana nalezi:

• I-ultrasound yesisu noma i-ultrasound ye-endoscopic: Lokhu kungabona izithombe ze-pancreas.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Angiography: Hlola isimo semithambo yegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana namazinga e-enzyme ye-pancreatic (i-amylase, i-lipase), amazinga kashukela, kanye nokusebenza kwesibindi.
• Ukuskena kwe-CAT / CT: Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthathe izithombe ze-pancreas ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) noma i-MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography): Lokhu kungabheka imigudu ye-pancreatic kanye nemigudu ye-bile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fecal elastase:Hlola ukuthi ama-pancreas akhiqiza ama-enzyme anele yini ukugaya ukudla.
• Iskena se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kungathatha nezithombe ezinemininingwane ze-pancreas.
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi we-Secretin pancreatic: Kukala ukuthi i-pancreas isabela kanjani ku-hormone secretin.

Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela kungadingeka benze ukuhlinzwa (njengokuthatha i-biopsy) ukuze babheke izinkinga nge-pancreas.

Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Ze-Pancreas

Odokotela banquma ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe esifweni esikhula ku-pancreas.

• Ngesifo Sikashukela: I-insulin inikezwa kakhulu ngaphandle (ikakhulukazi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1), noma imithi inikezwa ukulawula ushukela egazini. Izinguquko endleleni yokuphila (ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba) zibaluleke kakhulu.
• Ngomdlavuza we-pancreatic: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, imisebe, kanye nokuhlinzwa yizona zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko. Ngezinye izikhathi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa ndawonye.
• Nge-pancreatitis: Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukuyeka ukudla okwesikhashana, ukunikeza uketshezi ngemithambo yegazi, kanye nokunikeza ama-painkiller. Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela (isibonelo, amatshe enyongo ayasuswa). Izinguquko ekudleni kanye nokuyeka utshwala kubalulekile kwi-pancreatitis engapheli.

Abanye abantu bangadinga ukufakelwa i-pancreas noma i-pancreatectomy, okuhlanganisa ukususa ingxenye noma wonke ama-pancreas. Akuvamile kakhulu, amaseli e-pancreatic akhiqiza i-insulin (abizwa ngokuthi ama-islets of Langerhans cells ) afakwa esibindini ukuze aqhubeke nokukhiqiza i-insulin.

Ngingawagcina kanjani ama-pancreas ami ephilile?

Sonke sifuna ukuba nempilo enhle. Ngakho-ke kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ukuze sinakekele leli pancreas elincane kodwa elibaluleke kakhulu:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo kuwe. Ukuzivocavoca njalo nokwehlisa isisindo esiningi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwamatshe enyongo, okungaholela kusifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye ne-pancreatitis.
• Yidla ukudla okunamafutha aphansi kanye ne-fiber ephezulu. Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, okucutshungulwe kungaholela ematsheni enyongo, okungaholela ekushayweni yi-pancreatitis. Futhi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ( i-body mass index (BMI)) okungaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 kuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza we-pancreatic.
• Qaphela ukuphuza kwakho utshwala. Yehlisa ngangokunokwenzeka, noma uyeke ngokuphelele. Ukuphuza utshwala kwandisa ngokusobala ingozi yokuthola i-pancreatitis kanye nomdlavuza we-pancreatic.
• Yeka ukubhema. Ukusebenzisa ugwayi, ukubhema ugwayi, kanye nemikhiqizo kagwayi engenantuthu (isb., itshungama) konke kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye ne-pancreatitis engamahlalakhona.
• Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Ukubona udokotela ukuze ahlolwe njalo kungasiza ekutholeni izimo ezifana nomdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye ne-pancreatitis kusenesikhathi.

Kungenzeka yini ukuphila ngaphandle kwe-pancreas?

Lona kungaba umbuzo ozibuza wona. Yebo, kungenzeka ukuphila ngaphandle kwe-pancreas. Kodwa uma kunjalo, kuzodingeka uthathe amaphilisi e-enzyme ukuze ugaye ukudla kanye ne -insulin ukulawula ushukela wegazi lakho impilo yakho yonke. Akuvamile ukuthi kudingeke ususe yonke i-pancreas. Kodwa uma unomdlavuza we-pancreas, umonakalo omkhulu we-pancreas, noma i-pancreatitis enzima, udokotela wakho kungase kudingeke enze leso sinqumo.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule

Esikhathini esiningi, asicabangi kakhulu ngama-pancreas ethu kuze kube yilapho kukhona okungahambi kahle, akunjalo? Lesi sitho, esifihliwe ngemuva kwezisu zethu, sifana nefektri enezingxenye ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sisiza ekugayeni ukudla, kanti ngakolunye, silawula ushukela egazini. Ngokudla ukudla okunomsoco nokugwema izinto ezifana nokubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile , ungasiza ekugcineni ama-pancreas akho ayigugu ephilile isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, nakekela umzimba wakho, ngoba impilo iyimpahla enkulu kakhulu! Uyakwazi?

I - Pancreas, i-pancreas, ukugaya ukudla, ama-hormone, i-insulin, i-glucagon, isifo sikashukela, i-pancreatitis, umdlavuza we-pancreas, ushukela wegazi