Imithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu: Konke mayelana nama-capillaries aqhubekayo!

Wake wacabanga ngemithambo yegazi emincane engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu? Njengenethiwekhi yemigwaqo emincane esakazeke ezweni lonke, lena yileyo ethwala izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo emaseli ethu. Ama-capillary angomunye waleyo mithambo yegazi emincane ebaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwale mithambo yegazi, namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo oluvame kakhulu nolukhethekile lwama-capillary, "ama-Capillary aqhubekayo". Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Ziyini lezi 'Capillaries Eziqhubekayo'?

Kalula nje, ama-capillary aqhubekayo ayizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-capillary emzimbeni wethu. Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, agcwele uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi ama-endothelial cells. Abizwa ngokuthi "aqhubekayo" ngoba amaseli asondelene kakhulu, cishe ngokulandelana, ngaphandle kwezikhala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikho izikhala ezinkulu odongeni, futhi amaseli axhumene njalo.

Cabanga ngale ndlela, lena yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Lena yileyo ethwala igazi, izakhamzimba kanye nomoya-mpilo iye emangqamuzaneni ethu. Lena yizingxenye ezincane kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lwemithambo yegazi.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo zama-capillary aqhubekayo?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlayiya eziqhubekayo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

1. Ama-capillary angenawo umswakama aqhubekayo:

Lezi zinhlobo zama-capillary zinezimbobo ezincane, noma imifantu yangaphakathi kweseli, phakathi kwamaseli e-endothelial akha izindonga. Lezi zimbobo zincane kakhulu kangangokuthi izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ezifana namanzi, i-glucose, ama-hormone, namagesi kuphela ezingadlula. Zisebenza njengabalindi abavumela kuphela izinto ezikhethiwe. Sibona lezi zinhlobo zama-capillary ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa, esikhumbeni, nasemaphashini .

2. Ama-capillary aqinile aqhubekayo:

Lezi zinhlobo zama-capillary zinezimbobo ezinkulu, njengamafasitela amancane ('ama-fenestrations'), phakathi kwamaseli. Ngenxa yalawa "mafasitela," izakhamzimba nezinye izinto ezisegazini zingahamba ngokushesha okukhulu . Zifana nezikhungo zokushintshana ezimatasa. Zitholakala ikakhulukazi ezinso zethu, emathunjini amancane, nasezindlala ze-endocrine . Ngoba lezi zitho zidinga ukushintshana okusheshayo kwezinto.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, kukhona olunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi "ama-capillary e-Sinusoidal". Kodwa awaqhubeki, anezikhala ezinkulu nezimbobo. Lokhu kungabonakala ezindaweni ezifana nesibindi, i-spleen, ama-lymph node, kanye nomnkantsha. Kodwa namuhla sigxila kakhulu kuma-capillary aqhubekayo.

Iyini indima yama-capillary aqhubekayo?

Lawa ma-capillary amancane, aqhubekayo yiwo axhumanisa imithambo yegazi nemithambo yesistimu yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi.Cabanga ngale ndlela: imithambo yegazi ifana nemigwaqo emikhulu ethwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke. Imithambo yegazi imigwaqo ethwala igazi elisetshenzisiwe, elingenawo umoya-mpilo, eligcwele udoti libuyela enhliziyweni. Phakathi kwaleyo migwaqo emibili emikhulu, lawa ma-capillary yimigwaqo emincane eseceleni evumela ukuthi izinto zishintshisane ezingeni lamaseli.

Umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukusiza ekuqoqeni izinto ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni zingene egazini bese zikhishwa egazini bese ziyiswa ezithweni zomzimba . Kufana nesevisi yokulethwa kwezimpahla.

Lokhu kuzisiza kanjani ezinye izitho zomzimba?

Ama-capillary aqhubekayo asekela izitho eziningi ezibalulekile kanye nezinhlelo emzimbeni wethu. Ake sibone ukuthi kanjani:

• Ubuchopho: Ebuchosheni, la ma-capillary ayahlangana ukuze akhe isithiyo esikhethekile sokuvikela, esibizwa ngokuthi "isithiyo segazi nobuchopho." Lokhu kuvimbela izinto eziyingozi ukuthi zingangeni ebuchosheni.
• Uhlelo lwe-endocrine: Ama-hormone ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali ezilawula imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene emzimbeni wethu. La ma-hormone alethwa ezithweni ezifanele ngalezi zinhlayiya.
• Izinso: Ama-capillary akhethekile ezinso (ama-peritubular capillaries) asiza ukuhlunga igazi, ukwenza umchamo, nokubuyisela izinto ezifana ne-sodium namanzi emzimbeni.
• Amaphaphu: Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo uyangezwa egazini bese kuthi i-carbon dioxide egazini isuswe ngalezi zinhlayiya emaphashini.
• Amathumbu amancane: Ngemva kokugaya ukudla esikudlayo, lawa ma-capillary asiza amangqamuzana ethu ukuthi amunce izakhamzimba ezivela kuwo.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-capillary kanye nesithiyo segazi nobuchopho?

Lokhu kuyinto ekhethekile kakhulu. Isithiyo segazi nobuchopho esivikela ubuchopho bethu sakhiwe yilawo ma-capillary angapheli angenawo umoya esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili. La ma-capillary akhetha kakhulu ukuvumela izinto zingene ebuchosheni. Avumela kuphela izinto ezibalulekile njengamanzi nomoya-mpilo ukuthi zidlule zisuka egazini ziye ebuchosheni, kuyilapho evimbela ubuthi nezinto ezibangela izifo ukuthi zingangeni ebuchosheni . Kufana nomnyango ophephile wobuchopho. Lokhu kuvikela ubuchopho ezingozini nasezifweni.

Iyini ukuma kwama-capillary aqhubekayo?

Cabanga ukuthi la ma-capillary mancane kangakanani! Ngokuvamile angama-micrometer angu-8 kuya kwangu-10 kuphela ububanzi. I-micrometer iyingxenye eyodwa kwenkulungwane yemilimitha (0.001 mm). Cishe ububanzi be-swab yekotini! Amaseli ethu abomvu egazi kufanele ahambe kula ma-capillary ngokulandelana okukodwa , yingakho ethambile.

Lawa ma-capillary aqhubekayo akhiwa kakhulu izingxenye ezintathu:

1. Amaseli e-Endothelial: Lawa amaseli ayinhloko akha izindonga zama-capillary. Afana nongqimba lwamaseli oluhlanganisa ingaphakathi lepayipi.

2. Ulwelwesi olungaphansi: Lolu ungqimba oluqhubekayo lwezicubu zeseli olusekela amaseli e-endothelial.

3. Ama-Pericyte:Lawa amaseli agcwele ngaphandle kwezindonga zama-capillary. Lawa maseli angafinyela, okusho ukuthi angancipha. Lokhu futhi kuwavumela ukuthi alawule ukugeleza kwegazi.

Yiziphi izifo ezingavela ezihlobene nalezi zinhlayiya?

Ngeshwa, lawa ma-capillary amancane kodwa abaluleke kakhulu angaba umthombo wezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo. Ezinye zazo zingase zibe nezakhi zofuzo, okusho ukuthi zidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Izimo ezibangelwa yizimbangela zofuzo:

• Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (AVM): Kulokhu, imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni iyahlangana, okuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ngemithambo yegazi.
• I-Capillary angiosarcoma: Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela kumaseli e-endothelial.
• I-telangiectasia ebangelwa ukopha okubangelwa yifa (i-Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome): Lesi yisifo semithambo yegazi esizuzwe njengefa lapho ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi okungavamile (ama-telangiectases) kukhula khona futhi kungaqhuma.
• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Ukulimala kwengxenye ye-retina engaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kungabangelwa futhi ukuvuza kwegazi okuvela kuma-capillary.
• I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome: Kulesi simo, izingane ezizalwa zinekhanda elincane kakhulu zingase zibe nama-capillaries amakhulu.

Izimo ezibangelwa yizimbangela ezingezona ezezakhi zofuzo:

Lokhu akulona ufuzo, kodwa kungenzeka ngenxa yezinye izizathu.

• Ama-capillary aphukile: Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi emincane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi uma ukhwehlela kakhulu noma uhlanza.
• I-Capillary leak syndrome: Lokhu kungabangela ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
• I-spider nevus (`Spider nevus` / `spider angioma` / `spider telangiectasia`): Imithambo yegazi emincane ephuma endaweni eyodwa, efana nemilenze yesicabucabu. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ebusweni, entanyeni nasesifubeni.
• I-hemangiomas yestrawberry: Imithambo yegazi ebomvu ngokugqamile, eqoqene ibonakala ebusweni besikhumba.
• I-Vasculitis: Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungathinta nama-capillary. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izinkinga ezifana nokuqhuma noma ukuvaleka zingavela.

Ingabe izinkinga ngama-capillary aqhubekayo zingaholela kwezinye izifo ezinkulu?

Ososayensi basacwaninga ngalokhu, kodwa kusolwa ukuthi ukukhubazeka okuthile ekusebenzeni kwama-capillary aqhubekayo kungahlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana nalezi:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Isifo sohlangothi
• I-dementia yemithambo yegazi

Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale okwengeziwe ngalezi zinto.

Sizinakekela kanjani lezi zitsha ezincane zegazi?

Kungumthwalo wethu ukunakekela ama-capillary ethu, enza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu. Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula ongazenza:

• Uma ubhema, cabanga ukuyeka . Kungokufanayo nangokusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi.
• Jwayela indlela yokuphila esebenzayo . Lokho kusho izinto ezifana nokuzivocavoca nokuhamba.
• Zama ukugcina isisindo esinempilo .
• Qaphela inani lotshwala oluphuzayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimo ezingathinta impilo yemithambo yegazi yakho bese uzilawula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Isifo sikashukela
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukucindezeleka

Uma lokhu kulawulwa, kuzuzisa nama-capillary.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukuphuka kwama-capillary ebusweni?

Inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo ama-capillary amancane anjengentambo ebomvu avela ngaphansi kwesikhumba ebusweni babo. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi lokhu kungaphuki:

• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Yeka ukubhema.
• Uma unesifo sesikhumba esifana ne-rosacea, sitholele ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele.
• Uma uphuma elangeni, sebenzisa isivikelo selanga esibanzi esivikela emisebeni ye-UVA kanye ne-UVB .
• Uma ugeza ubuso bakho, geza kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokuhlikihla ngamandla.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, ama-capillary aqhubekayo ayinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ethwala igazi, izakhamzimba, kanye nomoya-mpilo iye emaseli ethu. Njengoba sesibonile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi (eziqhubekayo ezihlanganisiwe kanye neziqhubekayo ezingezona ezihlanganisiwe) ezinemisebenzi ethile.

Khumbula, la ma-capillary amancane athinta impilo yethu iyonke. Ngakho-ke, ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, ungabanakekela kahle laba bangane abancane. Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, ungalokothi unqikaze ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Ama - capillary, ama-capillary aqhubekayo, imithambo yegazi, ukujikeleza kwegazi, impilo, amaseli e-endothelial, isithiyo segazi-ubuchopho