Ake sifunde ngama-electrolyte, abaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni!

Wake wezwa igama elithi 'electrolytes' ngaphambili? Cishe wake wezwa lapho ujuluka ngemva kokuzivocavoca, noma lapho othile egula futhi ephelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Ayini ngempela lawa ma-electrolyte? Kungani imizimba yethu iwadinga? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula.

Ayini ama-electrolyte? Kalula nje...

Cabanga ngakho, ama-electrolyte ayizinto ezincane, lapho zincibilikiswa emanzini, ezidala ukushaja okuncane kukagesi (noma into efana nomsinga omncane). Ezinye zalezi zinto zithatha ukushaja okuhle (+), kanti ezinye zithatha ukushaja okubi (-). Imizimba yethu, uma kukhulunywa ngomuntu omdala, cishe ingama-60% amanzi. Lokho kusho ukuthi yonke iseli emzimbeni, cishe yonke i-fluid, iqukethe lawa ma-electrolyte. Yilokhu okusiza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni wethu ukuthi kuqhubeke kahle, kugcine uketshezi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaseli kulungelelene, futhi kwenze nezinye izinto eziningi.

Sithola la ma-electrolyte ekudleni esikudlayo nesikuphuzayo. Izinso zethu zikhipha ama-electrolyte amaningi ngomchamo. Ama-electrolyte nawo ayalahleka emizimbeni yethu uma sijuluka.

Kulula uma nawe ukhumbula la mazwi!

Kunamagama ambalwa esivame ukuwazwa lapho sikhuluma ngala ma-electrolyte. Uma uwaqonda kalula, ungaqonda kalula ngisho nokuthile okushiwo udokotela.

• I-Hyper- : Uma leli gama lifika ngaphambi kwalo, lisho ukuthi kukhona into eningi kakhulu . Isibonelo, uma kune-sodium eningi kakhulu, libizwa ngokuthi 'i-Hypernatremia'.
• I-Hypo- : Uma leli gama liza kuqala, lisho ukuthi kukhona ukuntuleka kwento ethile. Isibonelo, i-sodium ephansi ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Hyponatremia'.
• I-ion : Lokhu kubhekisela ku-athomu enokushaja kagesi. Kufana nebhethri elincane.
• Ama-Cations : Lawa ama-ion aneshaja kagesi elungile (+).
• Ama-anion : Lawa ama-ion aneshaja kagesi engalungile (-).
• i-pH (pH) : Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi uketshezi lune-asidi (njenge-asidi), oluyisisekelo (njengensipho), noma olungathathi hlangothi (njengamanzi). I-'pH` evamile yegazi lethu kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-7.36 no-7.44.
• I-asidi : Uma inani le-pH lingaphansi kuka-7.
• Okungathathi hlangothi : Uma inani le-`pH` lingu-7 ngqo.
• Isisekelo/I-Alkaline : Uma inani le-`pH` lingaphezu kuka-7. Isisekelo sibizwa nangokuthi "i-alkaline".

Yini ngempela ama-electrolyte ayenzayo emizimbeni yethu?

Amaseli emzimbeni wakho asebenzisa lawa ma-electrolyte ukusingatha ukushaja kukagesi. Lawa ma-electrolyte yiwo enza imisipha yakho ifinyele futhi yelule. Cabanga ngakho, uma ushukumisa ingalo yakho, uma uvala amehlo akho, lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya - lawa ma-electrolyte abaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke lezi zinto.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lawa mashaja kagesi ayasiza nasekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali. Ikakhulukazi, ama-electrolyte abalulekile ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukumunca amanzi (ukumunca) futhi ugcine ibhalansi phakathi kwenani loketshezi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaseli.

Isibonelo esilula, thatha amanzi anosawoti. Ugesi ugeleza emanzini anosawoti, akunjalo? Isizathu salokhu ukuthi usawoti wakhiwe yi-sodium (eshajelwe kahle) kanye ne-chlorine (eshajelwe kabi). Uma lokhu kokubili kuhlanganiswa, amashaja ayalingana. Kodwa uma usawoti uncibilika emanzini, ama-athomu e-sodium ne-chlorine ayahlukana abe ama-ion aneshaja elihle nelibi futhi. Bese ugesi ugeleza phakathi kwala ma-ion e-sodium ne-chlorine, hhayi phakathi kwama-molecule amanzi.

Kwenzeka into efanayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Ama-electrolyte asiza ukuhambisa amakhemikhali angene futhi aphume emangqamuzaneni ethu. Ngamanye amazwi, ama-electrolyte afana namaqhawe amancane agcina imizimba yethu ilinganisela.

Yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu?

Kunezinto eziningana ezibalulekile ezibalulekile ekugcineni amazinga e-electrolyte afanele emizimbeni yethu. Manje ake sibheke lezi zinto ezibalulekile nokuthi kwenzekani uma ziba phezulu kakhulu (Hyper-) noma ziphansi kakhulu (Hypo-) emzimbeni.

I-Sodium (+)

I-Sodium iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu esiza ukugcina inani elifanele loketshezi ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Iphinde isize amaseli ukuthi amunce izakhamzimba. I-Sodium iyi -electrolyte ion eningi kakhulu emizimbeni yethu.

• I-Hypernatremia : Lokhu kungabangela ukudideka, izinguquko zokuziphatha, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imisipha, ukuxhuzula , ngisho nokuquleka.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-sodium (Hyponatremia) : Lokhu kungabangela nokudideka, ukucasuka, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuxhuzula , ngisho nokuquleka.

I-Magnesium (+)

I-magnesium isiza amangqamuzana ukuguqula izakhamzimba zibe amandla. I-magnesium ibalulekile ukuze ubuchopho bakho nemisipha yakho kusebenze kahle.

• I-Hypermagnesemia : Ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-Arrhythmias), ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nokuma kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium (Hypomagnesemia) : Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ama-arrhythmia) kungenzeka. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kanye nokuntuleka kwe-calcium ne-potassium.

I-Potassium (+)

Amaseli asebenzisa i-potassium kanye ne-sodium. Uma i-sodium ion ingena esitokisini, i-potassium ion iyaphuma. Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo. I-Potassium ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo yakho. Ukuba iningi kakhulu noma incane kakhulu kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo.

• I-potassium ekhuphukile (i-Hyperkalemia): Ukuphelelwa yimpilo, ukungakwazi ukunyakazisa imisipha, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ama-arrhythmia) kungase kwenzeke.
• I-potassium ephansi (i-Hypokalemia) : Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ukuchama njalo, isiyezi lapho umi, kanye nokuquleka. Uma lokhu kuba phezulu kakhulu, izicubu zemisipha zingaqala ukuwohloka (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rhabdomyolysis, esingabangela umonakalo omkhulu wezinso) kanye nokuphazamiseka okuyingozi kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-arrhythmias).

I-calcium (+)

Uma sicabanga nge-calcium, siyibheka njengento eqinisa amazinyo namathambo. Kuyiqiniso lokho. Kodwa i-calcium iyadingeka ezintweni eziningi kunalokho. I-calcium ibalulekile futhi ezintweni ezifana nokulawula imisipha, ukudlulisa imiyalezo ngemizwa, nokulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-calcium egazini iphezulu noma iphansi, ingabangela izimpawu eziningana ezithinta izinhlelo ezahlukene emzimbeni.

I-calcium ekhuphukile (i-Hypercalcemia)

• Ubuchopho : Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, ukungabi nandaba, ukudideka.
• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla : ukuqunjelwa, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza.
• Izinso : Ukuchama njalo, amatshe ezinso, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso.
• Inhliziyo : Ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-Arrhythmias) (ezinye zingaba zimbi kakhulu).
• Uhlelo lwemisipha : Ubuhlungu emathanjeni nasemalungeni.

I-calcium ephansi (i-Hypocalcemia)

• Ubuchopho : Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, izinguquko ekuziphatheni.
• Imisipha : Imisipha eqinile, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, ubunzima bokukhuluma nokuphefumula ngenxa yokuqina kwemisipha yomphimbo.

I-Chloride (-)

I-chloride (igama elinikezwe i-chlorine ion) iyi- ion yesibili eningi kakhulu emzimbeni. Ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ekugcineni ibhalansi yoketshezi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaseli. Iphinde isize ekugcineni ibhalansi yemvelo ye-'pH' yomzimba.

• I-Hyperchloremia : Lokhu kungabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-acidosis (ukwanda kwe-asidi egazini). Lokhu kungabangela isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhathala, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, okujulile, kanye nokudideka. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwanda noma ukwehla kwe-potassium.
• Uma kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwe-potassium: Kungase kube nezinkinga ezinkulu zezinso noma ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium kungahlotshaniswa nesifo sohudo, ukuvuza koketshezi lwe-pancreatic, kanye nezinye izifo ezinkulu zomgudu womchamo.
• I-Hypochloremia : Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi libe ne-alkaline kakhulu (i-alkalosis). Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka nge-hyponatremia noma ukuhlanza. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukunganaki, ukudideka, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha, ukudikiza kwemisipha, noma ukulahlekelwa ukulawula.

I-Phosphate (-)

I-Phosphate iyi-molecule equkethe i-phosphorus. Ibalulekile ekuthuthweni kwamakhemikhali nama-molecule aphuma emangqamuzaneni. Isiza amangqamuzana ukuthi asebenzise izakhamzimba. Futhi iyinxenye ebalulekile yama-molecule abizwa ngokuthi ama-nucleotide akha i-DNA yethu.

• I-Hyperphosphatemia : Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka nge-hypocalcemia, njengoba umzimba uzama ukusebenzisa i-calcium esikhundleni se-phosphorus. Izimpawu zingase zingaveli kuze kube yilapho sezimbi kakhulu. Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-calcium nazo zingase zivele ngalokhu. Ukuklwebheka ngokweqile kungahlotshaniswa nalokhu.
• I-Hypophosphatemia : Uphawu lokuqala lwalokhu ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Njengoba isimo siba sibi kakhulu, izimpawu ezingathi sína kakhulu njenge-rhabdomyolysis (ukuwohloka kwemisipha, okungabangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezinso), ukuxhuzula , ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula (ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha) zingavela.

I-Bicarbonate (-)

Akuyona yonke ikhabhoni dioksijini ekhiqizwa yimizimba yethu eya emaphashini bese ikhishwa. Eminye isetshenziswa kabusha ukwenza i-bicarbonate. Le bicarbonate yiyo esiza ekugcineni i-pH yegazi lethu.

• I-Acidosis : Uma amazinga e-bicarbonate ehla, igazi liba ne-asidi. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhathala, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, okujulile, kanye nokudideka.
• I-Alkalosis : Uma amazinga e-bicarbonate enyuka, igazi liba yi-alkaline. Lokhu kungabangela ukudideka, ukunganaki, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ama-arrhythmia), kanye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisiza ekuxilongeni izinkinga ze-electrolyte?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ezingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwa ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa okuvamile, njengephaneli ye-metabolic. Uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ngoba kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela yokungalingani kwama-electrolyte futhi kunikeze ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuhlolwa okubanzi

Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi:

• Iphaneli Eyisisekelo Ye-Metabolic (BMP) : Lokhu kubheka izinqubo ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni.
• I-BUN (i-Blood Urea Nitrogen). Lokhu kunganikeza umbono wokusebenza kwezinso kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Ibhalansi yoketshezi kanye namazinga e-electrolyte njenge-sodium, i-potassium, i-carbon dioxide, kanye ne-chloride.
• Izinga likashukela egazini. Uma kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla, kungabonisa isifo sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela esingakafiki ezingeni elifanele.
• Iphaneli Ephelele Ye-Metabolic (CMP) : Lokhu kufana ne-`BMP`, kodwa kuqoqwa idatha eyengeziwe.
• Amazinga e-calcium.
• Amazinga e-Albumin (iphrotheni ekhiqizwa yisibindi).
• Amazinga aphelele amaprotheni egazini.
• I-Bilirubin (ikhemikhali ekhiqizwa esibindini).
• Amazinga e-enzyme abizwa ngokuthi i-aspartate aminotransferase (AST) kanye ne-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (lokhu kuhlobene nokusebenza kwesibindi).
• Iphaneli ye-Electrolyte : Lokhu kufana ne-'Metabolic Panels' okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, kodwa lokhu kubheka kuphela ama-electrolyte. Kuhlaziya i-sodium, i-chloride, i-potassium, ne-bicarbonate.

Ukuhlolwa okuqondile okwengeziwe

Ezinye izivivinyo ezithile zezinkinga ze-electrolyte:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-Aldosterone: Lokhu kuhlola i-hormone ekhethekile ekhiqizwa yizinso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-anion gap: Kuqhathanisa amazinga e-electrolyte ashajelwe kahle nangalungile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antidiuretic Hormone (igazi) / ukuhlolwa kwe-ADH: Le hormone iyahlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-carbon dioxide: Kukala inani le-carbon dioxide egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo okuhlukile kwama-electrolyte ahlukahlukene (i-chloride, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-sodium).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-osmolality yegazi: Lokhu kwenziwa uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokweqile, noma ubuthi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-osmolality yomchamo: Kuhlola ibhalansi yoketshezi.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlushwa komchamo: Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso.

Umbiko wokuhlolwa engizowuthola uzoba njani?

Imibiko eminingi yelabhorethri ifaka "ububanzi bokubhekisela" nemiphumela yakho. Lokhu kunomkhawulo ophezulu nophansi. Uma umphumela wakho uphakathi kwale mikhawulo emibili, kubhekwa njengomphumela "ojwayelekile".

Le miphumela ivame ukunikezwa ngokuya ngokuthi "ingakanani into okukhulunywa ngayo ekhona kusampula."

• Ama-millimole (mmol/L) : Lena iyunithi esetshenziswa kakhulu.
• Ama-Milliequivalents (mEq/L) : Lokhu kuyasetshenziswa futhi ngezinye izikhathi.
• Ama-milligram nge- deciliter (mg/dL) : Lokhu kusetshenziselwa amanye ama-molecule amakhulu.

Nakuba la mayunithi okulinganisa angase abonakale eyinkimbinkimbi kancane, udokotela wakho uzowaqonda kahle. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imiphumela yakho ingaphakathi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile noma ingaphandle kwaso.

Yiziphi izigaba ezijwayelekile zamazinga e-electrolyte?

I-electrolyte ngayinye inezinga elijwayelekile legazi nomchamo. Lawa mazinga angahluka kancane kusuka elabhorethri kuya elabhorethri. Angahluka futhi kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nempilo yakho. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukufundwa okunembile kwemiphumela yakho.

Ingabe konke kuhamba kahle uma umphumela ojwayelekile ubuya? Ingabe umphumela ongavamile uhlala uyinkinga?

Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu ofanayo. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela yakho ingase idlule kancane ezingeni elijwayelekile, kodwa ungase ungabi nezinkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe imiphumela ijwayelekile, izimpawu zakho nezinye izivivinyo zingase zibonise ukuthi unenkinga yempilo.

Cabanga ngomuntu osesekisini ephenduphendula ipuleti esigxotsheni. Uma ipuleti lithambekele kakhulu ohlangothini olulodwa, lizowela phansi. Ibhalansi ibaluleke kakhulu. Amazinga akho e-electrolyte kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kuncike kulolo hlobo lokulinganisela. Imizimba yethu ihlala izama ukugcina leli bhalansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi, umzimba ungasiza uhlelo olulodwa ngokusiza olunye, futhi inkinga ingafihlwa ukuze ingabonakali ebusweni. Udokotela uzokwenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuze abone ukuthi umzimba ufihla inkinga eyodwa futhi udala enye.

Ngizoyazi nini imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

Udokotela wakho noma abasebenzi bakhe bangakutshela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa. Ezinye izivivinyo zinikeza imiphumela ngokushesha, kanti ezinye zingathatha izinsuku eziningana.

Kufanele ngishayele nini udokotela wami ucingo?

• Uma ungaqondi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa.
• Uma umphumela ungaphandle kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngawo.
• Uma uhlangabezana noshintsho oluzumayo lwezimpawu ezihlobene namazinga akho e-electrolyte.

Esimweni esinjengalesi , kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhuluma nodokotela ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ama-electrolyte abalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemizimba yethu. Athinta yonke into kusukela endleleni esimunca ngayo amanzi kuya endleleni inhliziyo yethu eshaya ngayo. Ukuhlolwa kwama-electrolyte kusiza nodokotela ukuthola izifo ezahlukahlukene nezinkinga zempilo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuqaphela ama-electrolyte nezinkinga ezingase zivele ngawo kuzokusiza ukuthi uzinakekele futhi ugweme izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi esizayo. Ngaleyo ndlela, ungagcina amazinga akho e-electrolyte elawulwa futhi uphile impilo enempilo. Uyaqonda? Uma uneminye imibuzo ngalokhu, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho.

Ama - electrolyte, i-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, uketshezi lomzimba, ishaja kagesi