Ake sithole ukuthi lezi zinto ziyini ngempela ngezinso zakho.

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesitho esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Leso yizinso. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngezinso, kodwa uyazi kahle ukuthi umsebenzi wazo uyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani nokuthi uthinta kangakanani impilo yethu? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Ziyini izinso?

Kalula nje, izinso ziyizitho ezimbili ezimise okwebhontshisi ezihlunga futhi zihlanze igazi lakho. Ziyingxenye enkulu yesistimu yakho yomchamo.

Cabanga nje, izinso zakho zihlunga cishe amalitha angu-200 oketshezi ngosuku. Lokho kwanele ukugcwalisa ibhavu elikhulu! Kule nqubo, izinso zisusa imfucuza, ekhishwa emzimbeni njengomchamo. Iningi labantu likhipha cishe amalitha amabili omchamo ngosuku. Amanye amalitha angu-198 oketshezi aphinde amuncwa emzimbeni.

Izinso zisiza futhi ukugcina ibhalansi yoketshezi (ikakhulukazi amanzi) kanye nama-electrolyte emzimbeni wakho. Lawa ma-electrolyte angamaminerali abalulekile njenge-sodium ne-potassium.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga zezinso?

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu basengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga zezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingozi, izingozi zezimoto, kanye nokulimala kwezemidlalo nakho kungabangela ukulimala kwezinso.

Kwenzekani ngempela ezinso?

Izinso zakho zenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlunga ubuthi kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile egazini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo engcolile ene-nitrogen (urea), imikhiqizo engcolile yemisipha (creatinine), kanye nama-acid. Cabanga ngale ndlela: cishe ingxenye yendebe yegazi ihlungwa ngezinso njalo ngomzuzu.

Nansi indlela le nqubo eyenzeka ngayo:

• Igazi ligeleza liye ezinso ngomthambo wegazi omkhulu obizwa ngokuthi umthambo wezinso.
• Leli gazi bese lihlungwa ngemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu ezinso.
• Igazi elihlungiwe ngale ndlela libuyela ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi ngomunye umthambo wegazi omkhulu obizwa ngokuthi umthambo wezinso.
• Umchamo okhiqizwayo uhamba ngamapayipi emisipha abizwa ngokuthi ama-ureter uye kwesinye. Isinye sigcina umchamo uze uchame.

Ezinye izinto ezenzeka ngezinso zifaka:

• Ilawula ibhalansi ye-acid-base (ibhalansi ye-pH) yegazi lakho.
• Uma kungekho ushukela owanele egazini, kukhiqizwa ushukela (i-glucose).
• Ikhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-renin, ekhulisa umfutho wegazi.
• Ikhiqiza ama-hormone amabili abizwa ngokuthi i-calcitriol kanye ne-erythropoietin. I-Calcitriol uhlobo lwe-vitamin D olusiza umzimba ukuthi umunce i-calcium. I-Erythropoietin isiza umzimba ukuthi wakhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

Ngaphezu kwenso ngayinye kukhona indlala ye-adrenal. Lokhu kukhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne-cortisol. I-Cortisol iyi-hormone esiza umzimba wakho ukusabela ekucindezelekeni.

I-Cortisol nayo ihilelekile ku:

• Ilawula imetabolism.
• Kunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
• Ilawula umfutho wegazi.
• Kwandisa amazinga kashukela egazini.

Izinso zami zihlunga kanjani igazi?

Inso ngayinye inamayunithi okuhlunga angaphezu kwesigidi abizwa ngama-nephron. I-nephron yakhiwa yilezi zingxenye:

• I-Glomeruli : Lezi yizakhiwo ezakhiwe ngemithambo yegazi eminingi emihle kakhulu. Isigaba sokuqala sokuhluzwa kwegazi senzeka lapha. Izinto ezihlungiwe zithunyelwa kuma-renal tubules. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-glomerular filtration.
• Ama-renal tubules : Lawa ma-tubes amancane amunca amanzi, izakhamzimba, kanye namaminerali afana ne-sodium ne-potassium. Ama-asidi amaningi kanye nemikhiqizo yokungcola, okuhlanganisa namanzi, kususwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-diffusion. Imikhiqizo yokungcola esele idlula emigudwini eqoqayo yezinso futhi ekugcineni ikhishwa emzimbeni njengomchamo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuphila nenso eyodwa?

Yebo, ungaphila nenso eyodwa kuphela . Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bakhipha inso eyodwa ekuhlinzeni "kwe-radical nephrectomy" ngenxa yezimo ezinjengomdlavuza.

Lezi zici zingase zenze umuntu abe nenso eyodwa kuphela:

• Ukususwa kwenso eyodwa ngenxa yomdlavuza noma ukulimala.
• Ukunikela ngenso komunye umuntu ukuze afakelwe inso.
• Ukuzalwa kwenso kuba khona kwenso eyodwa kuphela lapho kuzalwa.
• Ukuzalwa nezinso ezimbili, eyodwa kuphela esebenzayo (i-kidney dysplasia).

Zikuphi izinso zakho?

Izinso zakho zitholakala ngaphansi kwekheji lezimbambo zakho, ngemuva kwesisu sakho . Ngokuvamile zitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomhlane wakho. Zitholakala phakathi kwamathumbu akho ne-diaphragm. Izinso ngayinye ixhunywe esinyeni sakho nge-ureter.

Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zenso?

Izinso zakho ziyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu esinezingxenye eziningi. Nazi ezinye zezingxenye eziyinhloko zokwakheka kwezinso:

• I-Kidney capsule : Lesi izicubu ezixhumanisayo noma izicubu ezinamafutha ezimboza izinso. Sivikela izinso ekulimaleni, sandisa ukuqina kwazo, futhi sizixhumanise nezicubu ezizungezile.
• Umthambo wezinso : Lona umthambo wegazi omkhulu olawula ukugeleza kwegazi ezinso. Lapho uphumule, izinso zabantu abaningi zimpompa izinkomishi ezingaphezu kwezi-5 (amalitha angu-1.2) zegazi ngomzuzu.
• I-cortex yezinso: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle lwezinso. Ama-nephron (amayunithi okuhlunga igazi) aqala lapha. I-cortex yezinso ikhiqiza ne-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoietin (EPO). Lokhu kusiza umongo wamathambo ukuthi wakhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
• I-Renal medulla : Lena yingxenye yangaphakathi yezinso. Iqukethe iningi lama-nephron, kanye nama-glomeruli nama-renal tubules. Ama-renal tubules athwala umchamo aye endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-renal pelvis.
• I-Renal papilla : Lezi zakhiwo ezimise okwephiramidi zithumela umchamo kuma-ureter. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye neminye imithi, ikakhulukazi imithi engeyona eye-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), kungalimaza la ma-renal papillae.
• I-pelvis yezinso : Lesi sakhiwo esimise okwe-funnel siqoqa umchamo bese siwuthumela phansi kuma-ureter. Umchamo uhamba ngama-ureter uye kwesinye, lapho ugcinwa khona.
• Umthambo wezinso : Lo mthambo uwumthambo wegazi oyinhloko othwala igazi elihlungiwe lisuka ezinso uliyise enhliziyweni. Izinso ngayinye inomthambo wezinso.

Ake sifunde kancane ngombala, ubukhulu, kanye nesisindo sezinso.

Izinso zakho zinombala obomvu onsundu . Inso ngayinye inobude obungamasentimitha angu-1.5 kuya kwangu-1.5, cishe usayizi wesibhakela esigoqiwe .

Isisindo sezinso ngasinye siyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Lokhu kungahluka kuye ngezinto ezifana nobude bakho, isisindo, ubudala, inkomba yesisindo somzimba (i-BMI), kanye nendawo ohlala kuyo.

• Uma ungowesilisa, inso yesokudla ingaba nesisindo esisukela kumagremu angu-79 (cishe iphawundi elilodwa nesigamu) kuya kumagremu angu-223 (ngaphezu kancane kwephawundi elilodwa nesigamu). Inso yesobunxele ingaba nesisindo esisukela kumagremu angu-74 (ngaphansi kancane kwephawundi elilodwa nesigamu) kuya kumagremu angu-235 (ngaphezu kancane kwephawundi elilodwa nesigamu).
• Uma ungowesifazane, inso yesokudla ingaba nesisindo esisukela kumagremu angu-55 (ngaphezudlwana kwe-1/10 pound) kuya kumagremu angu-274 (cishe amakhilogremu angu-3/5). Inso yesobunxele ingaba nesisindo esisukela kumagremu angu-67 (cishe amakhilogremu angu-3/20) kuya kumagremu angu-261 (ngaphansi kancane kwamakhilogremu angu-3/5).

Yiziphi izimbangela zokulimala kwezinso?

Izinso zakho zenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke, zingathinteka yizimo ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha. Nazi ezinye zezimo ezivamile ezithinta izinso:

• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) : Lesi simo singabangela ukuthi izinso ziyeke ukusebenza kahle. I-CKD ivame ukubangelwa isifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Umdlavuza wezinso : Umdlavuza wezinso uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wezinso.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso / ukwehluleka kwezinso: Ukwehluleka kwezinso kungavela ngokuzumayo (okukhulu) noma kungaba ukwehla kwesikhathi eside kokusebenza kwezinso (okungamahlalakhona). Isifo sezinso sesigaba sokugcina yilapho izinso seziyeke ngokuphelele ukusebenza. Yilapho kudingeka khona i-dialysis (ukwelashwa okuhlunga igazi esikhundleni sezinso).
• Ukutheleleka kwezinso (i-pyelonephritis) : Ukutheleleka kwezinso kungenzeka uma amagciwane ehamba emgudwini womchamo futhi engena ezinso. Lokhu kutheleleka kubangela izimpawu ezisheshayo. Odokotela bayazelapha ngama-antibiotic.
• Amatshe ezinso : Amatshe ezinso angamakristalu akha umchamo futhi angavimba ukugeleza komchamo. Ngezinye izikhathi la matshe adlula ngokwawo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, odokotela bangase bawaphathe ngokuwaphula noma ngokuwasusa.
• Ama-cyst ezinso : Lawa ama-sacs agcwele uketshezi akheka ezinso. Lawa ma-cyst angalimaza izinso. Odokotela bangazisusa.
• Isifo sezinso esine-polycystic (PKD) : Lesi simo sibangela ukwakheka kwama-cyst amaningi ezinso. I-PKD iyisimo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Ingabangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso. Abantu abane-PKD badinga ukubhekwa njalo ngudokotela.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezinye izimo eziningi zezokwelapha ezingathinta izinso. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• I-Acidosis : I-asidi eningi inqwabelana ezinso, okungabangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo futhi kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.
• I-acute noma i-interstitial nephritis : Ngemva kokuchayeka kuma-antibiotic athile, izinso zingase zivuvuke futhi ekugcineni zingasebenzi.
• I-Azotemia : Imfucuza ye-nitrogen iqoqana ezinso. Uma ingelashwa, ingaba yingozi.
• I-Caliectasis : Uketshezi oluningi lubangela ukuthi ama-calyces (lapho umchamo uqala ukuqoqana khona) avuvuke. Uma kungelashwa, kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
• I-nephropathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela noma i-nephropathy ene-hypertension : Ukulimala kwezinso kwenzeka ngenxa yesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme wesikhathi eside.
• Izifo ze-glomerular : Lezi zifo zibangela ukuvuvukala noma umonakalo ku-glomeruli, okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
• Isifo sokushintsha okuncane kanye ne-nephrotic syndrome : Lezi zimo zibangela ukuthi amaprotheni amaningi akhishwe ezinso emchameni.
• I-necrosis ye-papillaryIzingcezu zezicubu zezinso ziyafa ku-medulla kanye ne-papilla. Lezi zicubu zingaphuka futhi zivimbele izinso, okubangela ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• I-Proteinuria : Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinso zakho zinamazinga aphezulu e-protein. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokulimala kwezinso.
• I-Pyelonephritis : Lokhu ukutheleleka kwezinso okungazelelwe okubangela ukuvuvukala (i-edema) ezinso. Kungaba yingozi empilweni.
• I-uremia : Ubuthi obuvame ukukhishwa emchameni buqongelela egazini. Uma bungelashwa, bungaba yingozi.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga zezinso?

Izinkinga eziningi zezinso azibonisi zimpawu ezinkulu ezigabeni zokuqala. Njengoba umonakalo wezinso uqhubeka, ungase uqaphele izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Imisipha ebuhlungu : Imisipha iba lukhuni ngenxa yokungalingani kwama-electrolyte.
• Umchamo onombala omnyama noma umchamo onegazi : Uma izihlungi ezisezinso zonakele, amaseli egazi ayavuza angene emchameni.
• Umchamo onegwebu : Uma kukhona amagwebu emchameni, kungaba uphawu lwe-protein eningi.
• Isikhumba esomile nesilumayo : Isikhumba siyaluma ngenxa yokungalingani kwamaminerali nezakhamzimba egazini.
• Ukuchama njalo : Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uchame njalo ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhlunga udoti.
• Ukuvuvukala okuzungeze amehlo noma ukuvuvukala emaqakaleni nasezinyaweni : Uma ukusebenza kwezinso kwehla, umzimba ungagcina amaprotheni kanye ne-sodium, okubangela ukuvuvukala.
• Ukungalali, ukukhathala, nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla : Uma ubuthi buqongelela egazini, amazinga akho okulala, isifiso sokudla, kanye namandla angashintsha.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo yezinso zami?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze balinganise ukusebenza kwezinso futhi bathole izinkinga zezinso. Udokotela wakho angase ancome izivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• Izithombe ezithuthukisiwe : Ama-X-ray, ama-CT scan, ama-MRI, ama-ultrasound, noma izithombe zemithi yenuzi zingabonisa ukukhubazeka noma ukuvaleka kwezinso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi : Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ukuthi ama-glomeruli akho ahlunga kahle kangakanani igazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinso : Ku-biopsy yezinso, udokotela uthatha isampula encane yezicubu zezinso zakho bese eyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• I-Ureteroscopy : Udokotela udlulisa ithubhu (i-endoscope) nge-urethra yakho iye kwesinye kanye nasezindlini zomsele ukuze ahlole ukukhubazeka.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamoUkuhlolwa komchamo kuhlaziya umchamo wakho. Kukala izinto ezithile, njengeprotheni noma igazi.

Ngingazigcina kanjani izinso zami ziphilile?

Kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo ukuze kuqashwe impilo yezinso zakho. Ungenza okulandelayo ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba nezinkinga zezinso:

• Yeka noma ugweme ukubhema nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi (udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola izindlela zokuyeka).
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukasawoti ngokweqile , njengoba lokhu kungathinta ibhalansi yamaminerali egazini.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi .
• Khulisa ukuvivinya umzimba nsuku zonke , lokhu kunganciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engeyona i-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) , njengoba ukuthatha kakhulu kwalokhu kungalimaza izinso.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo .
• Qapha amazinga akho omfutho wegazi .
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, nakekela amazinga kashukela egazini lakho .

Ingabe ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kusiza izinso?

Yebo, ukuphuza amanzi anele kuhle kakhulu ezinso zakho . Amanzi asiza izinso zakho ukukhipha ubuthi kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile ngomchamo. Kuphinde kusize ukugcina imithambo yegazi yakho iphilile, okuvumela igazi lakho ukuthi lithwale izakhamzimba liye ezinso zakho kalula.

Futhi, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kuwumqondo omuhle ukuvimbela amatshe ezinso kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTIs). Uma izinso zakho zinamanzi anele, mancane amathuba okuba namatshe ezinso. Uma uphuza amanzi amaningi, mancane amathuba okuba nama-UTI ngoba uchama kaningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma uchama, amagciwane abangela ama-UTI ayagezwa.

"Ngokuvamile, ungabona ukuthi uphuza amanzi anele yini ngombala womchamo wakho. Uma uphuza amanzi anele, umchamo wakho kufanele ube phuzi kancane noma ucace. Uma uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, umchamo wakho uzoba phuzi omnyama."

Mangaki amanzi okufanele ngiwaphuze ukuze izinso zami zihlale ziphilile?

Ngokwesilinganiso, amadoda kufanele aphuze cishe izinkomishi eziyi-13 (amalitha ama-3) zamanzi ngosuku. Abesifazane kufanele baphuze cishe izinkomishi eziyi-9 (ngaphezu kancane kwamalitha ama-2) zamanzi ngosuku.

Kungenzeka yini ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kakhulu? Kwenzekani uma uphuza?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kakhulu. Uma wenza kanjalo, ungase ube nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi ukudakwa ngamanzi noma i-hyponatremia (i-primary polydipsia). Uma zingelashwa, lezi zimo zingaholela ekuqulekeni, ekukhomeni, ekushintsheni kwesimo sengqondo, ngisho nasekufeni.

Ingabe lokhu kubuhlungu kwezinso noma ubuhlungu bomhlane? Wazi kanjani?

Abantu bayadideka phakathi kobuhlungu bezinso nobuhlungu bomhlane ngoba kuzwakala kufana. Kulungile, ake sibone ukuthi singakuqonda kanjani lokhu.

Ubuhlungu bomhlane buvame ukwenzeka endaweni yakho engezansi yomhlane.

Ubuhlungu bezinso buzwakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni, emhlane ongaphezulu . Uzovame ukuzwa ubuhlungu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, phakathi nendawo kuya endaweni engenhla yomhlane (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwezimbambo, ngakwesokudla noma ngakwesobunxele somhlane). Lobuhlungu bungasakazekela nakwezinye izindawo, njengesisu noma indawo yemibundu.

Ubuhlungu bezinso bubangelwa ukuvuvukala noma ukuvaleka kwezinso noma indlela yomchamo. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nobuhlungu lapho uchama.

Kufanele ngikhulume nini nodokotela ngezinso zami?

Izimo zezinso zingabangela izimpawu ezahlukene. Uma izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle, ungase ube nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Izinguquko emikhubeni yomchamo noma yokuchama (njengokuya endlini yangasese kaningi).
• Ukudideka noma ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo.
• Isikhumba esomile noma esilumayo.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme).
• Imisipha iyanyakaza.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla noma ukunambitheka kwensimbi ekudleni.
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuhlanza.
• Ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezandla noma emaqakaleni.

Uma unesinye salezi zimo, kufanele uhlolwe njalo ukusebenza kwezinso zakho:

• Uma kukhona emndenini onomlando wesifo sezinso.
• Isifo sikashukela.
• Isifo senhliziyo.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
• Uma usebenzisa imithi ethile njalo, njengemithi yomfutho wegazi.

Ngakho-ke, umyalezo wokugcina okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya:

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyazi ukuthi izinso ziyizitho ezimbili ezincane kodwa ezibalulekile emzimbeni wethu. Kusukela ekuhlanzeni igazi, kuya ekulinganiseni amazinga oketshezi emzimbeni, usawoti wamaminerali, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone, lezi zinso ezimbili zisiza ngezinto eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izinso zakho ziphilile . Ungazinakekela izinso zakho ngokwenza izinto ezilula njengokuphuza amanzi amaningi, ukunciphisa usawoti, ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokugwema ukubhema.

Uma usengozini yokuthola isifo sezinso, noma uma unezinye zezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela ngaphandle kokuba namahloni noma ukwesaba . Khumbula, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kungelapha izifo eziningi!

"Njengoba nje izinso zakho ezimbili zizokunakekela impilo yakho yonke, nawe kufanele uzinakekele ngothando!"

Izinso , izifo zezinso, izinso ezinempilo, uhlelo lomchamo, ukuhlanzwa kwegazi, ukusebenza kwezinso, impilo yezinso