Ake sifunde ngamasosha amancane emzimbeni wakho - ama-granulocyte.

Sonke sizama kanzima kangaka ukugwema izifo, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nomkhuhlane ungasenza sigule. Ngakho-ke, ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, kukhona uhlelo lokuzivikela olumangalisayo kakhulu lokulwa nezifo ezinjalo kanye nokutheleleka. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalolo hlelo lokuzivikela ama-granulocyte esizokhuluma ngawo namuhla. Laba bantu basebenza ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu njengamasosha avikela izwe lethu. Kulungile, ake sibone ukuthi angobani la ma-granulocyte, ukuthi enzani, nokuthi kwenzekani uma eba mancane kakhulu noma amaningi kakhulu. Konke kulula.

Uyazi ukuthi ayini ama-granulocyte?

Kalula nje, i-granulocyte uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi. Yebo, uke wezwa ukuthi kunamangqamuzana abomvu egazi namaseli amhlophe egazi egazini. Phakathi kwalawo maseli amhlophe egazi, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yi-granulocyte.

Zithola igama lazo ngoba ngaphakathi kwamaseli azo, ku -cytoplasm (uketshezi olujiyile ngaphakathi kweseli), kunezakhiwo ezincane ezifana nembewu ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-granule. Ngaphakathi kwala ma-granule kunamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, njengama -enzyme . Lawa afana nezikhali zawo.

Cabanga nje, lapho into efana negciwane noma igciwane ingena emzimbeni wakho, noma lapho kukhona ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokulimala, lawa ma-granulocyte agijimela endaweni njenge-ambulensi ene-siren. Afika akhiphe amakhemikhali angaphakathi kwamaseli awo ukuze alwe nokutheleleka.

Ngakho-ke, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi kahle ukuthi angakanani amazinga e-granulocyte yakho ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kungenziwa nge -CBC (Complete Blood Count), okuvame ukwenziwa.

• Uma inani lama-granulocyte akho liphezulu , kungasho ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokutheleleka emzimbeni wakho.
• Futhi, uma inani lama-granulocyte liphansi , kungaba uphawu lwesifo somnkantsha wamathambo , njenge -leukemia noma i-aplastic anemia . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, akuwona wonke ukwehla okuyingozi.

Lawa ma-granulocyte abizwa nangokuthi 'ama-leukocyte aqhekekile', 'ama-leukocyte e-polymorphonuclear' noma 'amaseli e-PMN'. Kodwa ake siwabize ngokuthi 'ama-granulocyte'.

Kwenzekani uma une-granulocytes engakavuthwa?

Ngokuvamile, la maseli e-granulocyte angena egazini kuphela ngemva kokuba esekhule ngokugcwele emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo, okungukuthi, ngemva kokuba esekhulile. Njengoba nje izingane esikoleni zifunda kahle futhi ziphumelela izivivinyo, ziyaphuma.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lawa ma-granulocyte angakavuthwa , okungukuthi, amaseli angakavuthwa ngokugcwele, atholakala egazini. Kunezizathu eziningana ezingaba khona zokuthi kungani lokhu kungenzeka:

• Esinye ukuthi kungase kube nenkinga ethile ngomnkantsha.
• Noma, kungenzeka ukuthi umzimba usabela ekuthelelekeni ngokushesha okukhulu, njengokuthumela ngokushesha amasosha amasha empini.

Odokotela bavame ukukhathazeka kancane uma unenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi elingaphezu kuka-2% njenge-granulocytes engakavuthwa.

Kodwa khumbula nalokhu:

• Omama abakhulelwe kanye nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa bangase babe nama-granulocyte angakavuthwa egazini labo. Lokhu kuvamile, uphawu lokuthi umongo wamathambo usebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-granulocyte?

Ama-granulocyte awasebenzi wodwa. Asebenza ndawonye njengeqembu ukuze alwe futhi asivikele ezintweni ezifana nokutheleleka, amagciwane, kanye nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ezingena emizimbeni yethu.

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zama-granulocyte. Uhlobo ngalunye lunamakhemikhali nama-enzyme ahlukile kancane ngaphakathi kwalawo ma-granule, ngakho-ke imisebenzi yawo ihlukile kancane.

1. Ama-neutrophil

• Lolu uhlobo lwe-granulocyte olutholakala kakhulu , njenge-battalion enkulu kunazo zonke ebuthweni.
• Isitha sabo esikhulu amabhaktheriya . Iseli elilodwa le-neutrophil lingagwinya futhi libhubhise amabhaktheriya angaba ngu-20 esikhathini salo sokuphila!
• Ama-neutrophil akha phakathi kuka-40% no-60% wama-granulocyte aphelele emzimbeni wethu, okusho cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamaseli amhlophe egazi.

2. Ama-Eosinophil

• Lezi zibaluleke kakhulu futhi. Zitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izimpendulo zomzimba .
• Umsebenzi wabo uphezulu kakhulu uma kwenzeka ukungezwani komzimba .
• Futhi, yilawa ma-eosinophil alwa nezinambuzane , okungukuthi, izinto eziphilayo ezibangela izifo ezifana nezibungu.

3. Ama-Basophil

• Laba bantu balwa kakhulu nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba .
• Zikhipha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-histamine , esiza umzimba ukuqeda izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba (cabanga ngakho ngokuthimula kanye nekhala eligobhozayo).
• Iphinde ikhiphe i-heparin , evimbela ukujiya kwegazi.

4. Amaseli e-mast

• Amaseli e-mast nawo awuhlobo lwe-granulocyte. Kodwa awajikelezi egazini njengamanye. Ahlala ngaphakathi kwezicubu zethu.
• Njengama-basophil, nawo akhipha i-histamine ne-heparin.
• Ama-basophil namaseli e-mast afana ngokubukeka. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ama-basophil aphila isikhathi esifushane futhi ashesha aye endaweni yokuvuvukala ngokushesha nje lapho kwenzeka.

Zitholakala kuphi i-granulocytes?

La masosha amancane, abizwa ngokuthi ama-granulocyte, akhiqizwa emzimbeni wethu.Ngaphakathi komnkantsha . Njengekamu lokuqeqeshwa. Bese kuthi lapho umzimba udinga izinsizakalo zawo, ajoyine igazi bese eya ezindaweni ezifanele.

Kufanele libe njani izinga elijwayelekile lama-granulocyte?

Ngokuvamile, umuntu ophilile kufanele abe nama-granulocyte aphakathi kuka-1,500 no-8,500 nge-microliter ngayinye (ithonsi elincane kakhulu legazi). Umbiko wakho wokuhlolwa kwegazi cishe uzobonisa lokhu njengo-`1.5 - 8.5 x 10^9/L`. Lawa manani angahluka kancane kuye ngelebhu ngayinye.

Uma sithatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-granulocyte esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili njengephesenti, yilokhu okufanele kube yiko ngokuvamile:

• Ama-neutrophils: Phakathi kuka-50% no-70% wawo wonke amaseli amhlophe egazi.
• Ama-Eosinophil: Phakathi kuka-1% no-3%.
• Ama-Basophil: Phakathi kuka-0.4% no-1%.

Yiziphi izifo ezivame ukuhlasela ama-granulocyte?

Izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene zingavela ngenxa yokwanda noma ukwehla kwenani lama-granulocyte. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zazo:

• I-Basophilia: Lokhu kungukwanda kwenani lama-basophil. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka, isifo sokuzivikela komzimba (isifo lapho amangqamuzana omzimba ezihlasela khona), noma isimo esifana ne-leukemia.
• I-Cyclic neutropenia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinga lama-neutrophils lehla bese libuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngomjikelezo. Lesi simo sandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo.
• I-Eosinophilia: Ukwanda kwenani lama-eosinophil. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ezimweni ezifana ne -asthma kanye nokungezwani komzimba kwesizini . Kungaba futhi uphawu lwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma izifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba njenge -sarcoidosis kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo .
• I-granulocytosis: Lokhu ukwanda kwenani eliphelele lama-granulocyte. Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela eziningana. Ukutheleleka, umdlavuza wegazi, ezinye izifo ezizimele, kanye nezifo zomnkantsha yizona eziyinhloko.
• I-Neutropenia (ebizwa nangokuthi i-granulocytopenia): Lokhu ukwehla kwenani lama-granulocyte, ikakhulukazi ama-neutrophils. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi noma komnkantsha, njenge -aplastic anemia noma i-leukemia . I-Agranulocytosis uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-neutropenia.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezifo ezihlobene ne-granulocyte?

Lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kuye ngesimo sakho esithile. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi (Ukukhathala)
• Imfiva
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile (isib. umkhuhlane, ukutheleleka komphimbo, ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo)
• Isifo sezinsini
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, njenge-eczema
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele (ezindaweni ezifana nentamo nasemakhwapheni)

Uma uqhubeka nokuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola amazinga e-granulocyte?

Udokotela wakho angahlola inani lama-granulocyte akho ngokwenza inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC) . Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kakhulu okwenziwa njalo.

Ukuze uthole amazinga e-granulocyte embikweni wakho we-CBC, bheka lawa magama:

• I-Neutrophil noma "engathathi hlangothi."
• I-Eosinophil noma “i-eosin.”
• I-Basophil noma “i-baso.”

La magama avame ukulandelwa igama elithi “abs.” Lokhu kusho ukuthi “absolute.” Kusho inani eliphelele lohlobo ngalunye lweseli (inani eliqondile egazini).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezihlobene ne-granulocyte?

Izinketho zokwelapha zizohluka kuye ngesimo sakho, kodwa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zifaka:

• Ama-antibiotic: Uma kukhona ukutheleleka.
• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha: Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Yehlisa ukuvuvukala.
• Imijovo ye-G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor): Yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-granulocyte.
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Ezifweni zokuzivikela komzimba.

Uma umdlavuza uthinta ama-granulocyte, izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe
• Ukuhlinzwa

Ukwelashwa kwama-granulocyte angavuthiwe

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho ibonisa ukuthi unama-granulocyte angakavuthwa, udokotela wakho angase enze ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela.

• Uma imbangela kuyisifo, kuzonikezwa imithi efanele.
• Uma imbangela ifana nomdlavuza, bazokhuluma nawe ngezinketho zokwelapha ezifana nokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani? Kuthiwani uma kudingeka ngikhathazeke ngamazinga ami e-granulocyte?

Uma unesifo esithinta amazinga e-granulocyte yakho, kubalulekile ukuzivikela ezifweni. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza:

• Gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, noma ubuso ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakho. Mangaki amagciwane angabonakali asezandleni zethu?
• Thola imijovo enconywayo ngesikhathi. Lokhu kungavikela ezifweni eziningi.
• Vakashela udokotela wamazinyo njalo, futhi ugcine inhlanzeko yomlomo ekhaya. Hlanza amazinyo akho kahle bese uwafaka i-floss.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo nangokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nangemva kokuphuma.
• Gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi nezindawo lapho abantu abagulayo betholakala khona ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Yidla izithelo nemifino eminingi. Lokhu kuqinisa amasosha omzimba wakho.
• Lala ngokwanele.
• Gwema ukubhema.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unezimpawu ezingavamile, ngaphandle kokuzishaya indiva.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-granulocyte nama-agranulocyte?

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi. Kodwa-ke, ama-agranulocyte awanawo ama-granule ashiwo ngenhla ku-cytoplasm yawo. Uhlamvu "A" luvame ukusho ukuthi "cha." Ngakho-ke elithi "agranulocyte" lisho into efana "namaseli angenawo ama-granule."

Ama-monocyte nama -lymphocyte ayizibonelo ezimbili zalawa ma-agranulocyte. Aphinde adlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ama-granulocyte angamasosha athule esimisweni sethu somzimba sokuzivikela alwa nezifo, izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba, nezinye izinto ezicasulayo ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Uma la maseli amhlophe egazi esebenza kahle, imizimba yethu ingazivikela kangcono.

Kodwa-ke, uma umzimba wakho ungakhiqizi ama-granulocyte anele, noma uma inani lama-granulocyte liphansi kakhulu noma liphezulu kakhulu, kungabonisa isimo esibucayi esiyisisekelo.

Uma ugula njalo, uthambekele ekuthelelekeni, noma unezinye zezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, sicela ubone udokotela. Bangenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo, bathole ukuthi iyini imbangela, futhi bahlele ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Ukunakekela impilo yakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!

Ama - granulocyte, amaseli amhlophe egazi, ukuzivikela komzimba, izifo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, izimpawu, amathiphu ezempilo, ama-CBC, ama-neutrophils, ama-eosinophils, ama-basophils