Uyazazi yini i-sclera? Ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe!

Uma uzibuka esibukweni, ubona ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho, akunjalo? Yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-sclera , kodwa sivame ukukubiza ngokuthi "umhlophe weso." Akuyona nje ingxenye emhlophe, kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu nesiqinile sokuvikela amehlo ethu. Sisebenza njengodonga oluzungeze izinkanyezi zethu zamehlo.

Ngakho-ke uyini umsebenzi we-sclera?

Kalula nje, i-sclera yiyo enikeza inhlamvu yeso lethu ukuma kwayo okufanele futhi iyisize ukuthi ihlale injalo. Kufana nokubeka isembozo esihle ebholeni ukuze kuvikelwe ukuma kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvikela izingxenye ezibucayi ngaphakathi kweso ezingozini ezincane nasezintweni zangaphandle njengothuli. Cabanga ngayo njengesivikelo esinamandla esibekwe phezu kwamehlo ethu.

Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, wake wazibuza ukuthi siwahambisa kanjani amehlo ethu emuva naphambili, phezulu naphansi? Kunemisipha ekhethekile esiza ngalokho. Le misipha inamathele ku-sclera. Yingakho singahambisa amehlo ethu kunoma iyiphi indlela. Akumangalisi yini?

Yenziwe ngani i-sclera?

Lesi isakhiwo esiqinile ngempela. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokho ukuthi senziwe ngohlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-collagen. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-collagen. Imicu ye-Collagen iyisakhi esiyinhloko sesikhumba sethu, amandla emisipha, amathambo, kanye nezicubu ezixhumanisayo ezixhumanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba.

Indlela le micu ye-collagen e-sclera ehlangana ngayo futhi isakazeke ngayo ngendlela ephambeneyo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi inamandla kakhulu. Yingakho i-sclera inamandla amakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka okuthile. Ngenxa yokuthi iboshwe ndawonye njenge-mesh eqinile, ayonakaliswa kalula. Kungenxa yemvelo yenethiwekhi yemicu ye-collagen ukuthi i-sclera ibonakale imhlophe.

Okunye engikudingayo ukukutshela, le sclera iyi-membrane encane kakhulu. Incane kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga ngakho. Imayelana nobukhulu bekhadi lakho lesikweletu. Lokho cishe kuyimilimitha! Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo? Kodwa lokho kuncane kunamandla amangalisayo okuvikela amehlo ethu.

Kungani i-sclera ibonakala imhlophe ngokuphelele?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, imicu ye-collagen e-sclera ihlelwe ngokungahleliwe, njenge-tangle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lokukhanya elidlula kuyo liphansi kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi ayibonakali nhlobo, okusho ukuthi ayivumeli ukukhanya kudlule. Yingakho ibonakala imhlophe kithi.

Cabanga nge-cornea, ingxenye ecacile, efana nengilazi yeso lethu esiyibonayo, emboze i-iris emnyama. Iphinde ibe nemicu ye-collagen. Kodwa imicu ye-collagen ihlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile nenhle kakhulu, ukuze ukukhanya kudlule kahle kuyo. Yingakho i-cornea icacile kangangokuthi singabona uhlangothi olukude. I-sclera inesakhiwo esihlukile esisakaza ukukhanya kakhulu.

Ziyini izingqimba ze-sclera?

I-sclera ayilona ulwelwesi olulodwa. Yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezine, enye phezu kwenye, njengesandwich. Lezi zingqimba zixhunywe nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zeso.

Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezo zendlalelo, ngemininingwane ethe xaxa:

• I-Episclera: Lena ungqimba olungaphandle, olucacile, noluncane kakhulu lwezicubu.
• I-Stroma : Lolu ngqimba lwakhiwe ngama-fibroblast (lawa amaseli enza i-collagen) kanye nemicu ye-collagen. Luhlanganiswe kancane ne-episclera. Lena yingxenye enkulu kakhulu ye-sclera.
• I-Lamina fusca: Lena yi-sclera, ungqimba olushintshayo phakathi kwezinye izingxenye zeso, njenge-iris (ingxenye enombala yeso), i-choroid (ulwelwesi olucebile ngemithambo yegazi), kanye nomzimba we-ciliary (lezi yizingxenye zongqimba oluphakathi lweso olubizwa ngokuthi i-uvea). Isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwalezi zingxenye.
• I-Endothelium : Lena ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu lwe-sclera, phansi.

Kungani amehlo ami amhlophe ngezinye izikhathi ebukeka enombala ohlukile kunomhlophe?

Yebo, lena yinkinga abantu abaningi abanayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yinto eyesabekayo. Eqinisweni, umbala wamehlo ethu amhlophe ungashintsha ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene kanye nezimo zezokwelapha. Amehlo abo bonke abantu ngezinye izikhathi aba bomvu futhi alume kancane. Kuvamile, noma ngabe kuwusuku nje olunothuli noma ubusuku bokuphuma. Kodwa-ke, uma amehlo akho eshintsha umbala noma ukubukeka kwe-sclera yakho kushintsha isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku noma ezimbili, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela wamehlo (njengochwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo) noma udokotela wakho womndeni ojwayelekile. Ungakhohlwa lokho.

Ake sibheke ezinye zezimo nezimbangela ezingabangela ukuthi i-sclera ishintshe umbala:

• Ukutheleleka kwamehlo: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, amagciwane, noma isikhunta kungabangela amehlo ukuba abe bomvu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kukhiqize ubomvu obuphuzi.
• I-Uveitis : Lokhu kubangela ukuthi iso libe bomvu, libe buhlungu, futhi kungabangela ukubona okufiphele. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka okunye noma isimo sokuzivikela komzimba.
• I-Episcleritis: Lesi futhi yisimo lapho i-episclera, ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-sclera, ivuvukala khona bese iso liba bomvu. Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nezifo zokuzivikela komzimba .
• I-Jaundice: Uma izinga le-bilirubin egazini likhuphuka ngenxa yenkinga yesibindi, amehlo aphenduka aphuzi. Lokhu kungathinta hhayi amehlo kuphela, kodwa nomzimba wonke.
• I-Pterygium (ebizwa nangokuthi iso lika-surfer): Lokhu ukukhula okunobunxantathu okusuka kokumhlophe kweso kuya ku-cornea . Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abachayeke elangeni, othulini nasemoyeni.
• Ama-Colobomas: Lesi yisimo sokuzalwa (esizalwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa) esenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwamehlo. Ungase ubone isikhala noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ku-sclera noma kwezinye izingxenye zeso.
• I-Marfan syndrome: Lesi yisimo sofuzo esithinta izicubu zomzimba ezixhumeneyo. Abanye abantu abanalesi simo bangase babe nokubukeka okuncane, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-sclera.
• I-anemia: Uma umzimba unenani eliphansi legazi, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, i-sclera ingase ibe mhlophe kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ibonakale iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• I-Osteogenesis imperfecta: Lesi futhi yisimo sofuzo, esibangela ukuba amathambo aqhekeke futhi aphuke kalula. Abantu abanalesi simo bangase babe ne-sclera enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zansuku zonke njengokulimala kwamehlo, ukungena kothuli, ukungezwani komzimba, intuthu kagwayi, amakhemikhali, kanye nokuchayeka elangeni ngokweqile nakho kungabangela amehlo abomvu (amehlo abomvu).

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona ushintsho embaleni wamehlo akho, ubuhlungu bamehlo, ukulunywa, izinguquko zombono, noma yini enye engavamile eqhubeka izinsuku eziningana.

Ngingawaphinda kanjani amehlo ami abe mhlophe futhi?

Umbuzo omuhle. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukugcina amehlo abo emuhle futhi enempilo. Okokuqala, udokotela wamehlo uzohlola amehlo akho ngokucophelela ukuze athole ukuthi kungani umbala we-sclera ushintshile. Ngoba, ngaphandle kokwazi imbangela eqondile, akunakwenzeka ukuyelapha.

Uma imbangela isitholakele, udokotela uzosikisela ukwelashwa okufanele. Uma imbangela eyisisekelo isilashwe kahle, ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho kufanele ibuyele embala wayo ojwayelekile omhlophe.

Ungadinga ukwelashwa okunje:

• Amaconsi amehlo (OTC - Over-the-Counter) anqunywe udokotela noma atholakala ngqo ekhemisi: Nciphisa ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokoma kwamehlo.
• Ama-antibiotic noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokulwa nokutheleleka: Ukwelapha igciwane noma olunye uhlobo lokutheleleka. Lawa anganikezwa njengamaphilisi noma amaconsi amehlo.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo: Ukuhlinzwa okuncane kungadingeka ukuze kulungiswe umonakalo obangelwe ukulimala noma izimo ezithile ezifana ne-pterygium.

Uma unesifo esithile (isib. isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sokuzivikela komzimba), kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela engcono yokusiphatha nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, njengoba ezinye izifo zesistimu zingathinta namehlo.

Ngingayivikela kanjani i-sclera yami, ingxenye emhlophe yeso lami?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lezi zinto ezilula zibe umkhuba wokuvikela hhayi kuphela i-sclera, kodwa namehlo akho omabili ayigugu:

• Gqoka njalo izibuko zokuphepha noma isivikelo sobuso esifanele lapho udlala imidlalo, uvivinya umzimba, noma wenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongafaka amehlo akho engozini (isb., ukusebenza ngokhuni, ukushisela, ukusebenza ngamakhemikhali). Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi kuyinto encane, ukulimala kwamehlo kungaba kubi kakhulu, futhi kungaholela nasekulahlekelweni umbono.
• Gqoka izibuko zelanga zekhwalithi enhle, ikakhulukazi uma uphuma elangeni. Lokhu kuzovikela amehlo akho emisebeni ye-UV eyingozi, kanye nasemoyeni nasothulini.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 ngaphambi kokuthinta amehlo akho, ikakhulukazi uma ufaka noma ukhipha ama-contact lens. Lokhu kungasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni amagciwane ukuthi angangeni emehlweni akho futhi kubangele izifo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wamehlo?

Uma ubona noma yini engavamile noma engavamile emehlweni akho noma ekuboneni, ungalokothi uyishaye indiva. Kungaba yinto encane, kodwa kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwento engathi sína. Bheka udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukushintsha kombala we-sclera: Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbala omhlophe weso uphenduka ube bomvu, uphuzi, noma ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuzumayo.
• Ukubona okufiphele noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, uqala ukubona izingxenye ezimbili.
• Ukuphuma kobomvu noma olunye uketshezi oluvela esweni.
• Ukuzwela kokukhanya: Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunzima ukubona ukukhanya njengakuqala, futhi amehlo azizwa sengathi aphenduka abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucasuka emehlweni.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo, ukuvuvukala okuzungeze amehlo.
• Ukuzwa sengathi kukhona okubambeke emehlweni.

Esikhathini esiningi, sibheka amehlo ethu esibukweni nsuku zonke, kodwa asiwanaki kakhulu kuze kube yilapho i-sclera iba bomvu, ivuvukele, noma ibuhlungu. Kuvamile ukuthi ingxenye emhlophe yeso ishintshe kancane ngezikhathi ezithile, ibe bomvu. Kodwa-ke,Ungashalazeli noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, ubuhlungu bamehlo, noma ezinye izimpawu ezintsha nezingavamile. Uma unenkinga ngamehlo akho, akulona neze umqondo omubi ukubona udokotela wamehlo. Bangakusiza ukuthi uthole ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela izimpawu zakho.

Ngakho-ke, yimuphi umyalezo okufanele siwukhumbule kule ndaba?

Kulula kakhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho, i-sclera, akuyona nje i-membrane emhlophe. Iyingxenye ebalulekile enikeza isivikelo esibalulekile esweni lakho, ilinike isimo salo esifanele, futhi ilisize lihambe kahle.

Nakuba ngokuvamile inempilo futhi imhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi ingashintsha umbala noma ibangele ezinye izinkinga ngezizathu ezahlukene. Uma kukhona ushintsho lombala oluqhubekayo, ubuhlungu, ushintsho embonweni, noma olunye uphawu olungavamile, ungalushayi indiva futhi nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Amehlo akho ayimpahla eyigugu oyinikwe yona. Ngakho-ke wanakekele kahle. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha, unake impilo yamehlo akho, futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko. Uyaqonda? Yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze ugcine amehlo akho ephilile!

I- Sclera, impilo yamehlo, ukubomvu kwamehlo, izifo zamehlo, ukuvikelwa kwamehlo