Uyazi ukuthi ubani ovikela ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla wakho? Ake sixoxe ngama-meninges!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla kubucayi futhi kubaluleke kangakanani? Lezi yizikhungo zokulawula zomzimba wethu wonke. Uma singaqapheli, ngisho nengozi encane ingadala umonakalo omkhulu. Ngenhlanhla, umzimba wethu unesimiso sokuvikela esimangalisayo sokuvikela lezi zitho ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu. Lowo mvikeli yi- meninges esikhuluma ngayo namuhla. Kalula nje, lezi yizingqimba ezintathu ze-membranes ezivikelayo ezizungeze isimiso sethu sezinzwa esiyinhloko (CNS).

Ayini ama-meninge? Ziyini lezi zingqimba ezintathu?

Njengoba nje u-anyanisi enesikhumba, ama-meninges akhiwe ngezendlalelo ezintathu. Isendlalelo ngasinye sinomsebenzi othize. Ake sibone ukuthi ayini:

1. I-Dura Mater: Lolu ungqimba oluqine kakhulu nolunamandla kakhulu lobuchopho . Lufana noboya obuqinile obumboza ubuchopho bethu nomgogodla. Igama lesiLatini elithi "dura mater" lisho ukuthi "umama oqinile." Yileyo ndlela evikela ngayo. Itholakala ngqo ngaphansi kwekhanda lethu nomgogodla. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukubamba ubuchopho nomgogodla ngokuqinile futhi kuvimbele ukulimala.

2. I-Arachnoid Mater: Lena ungqimba oluphakathi . Luncane kakhulu kune-dura mater. Igama elithi "Arachnoid" lisho "isicabucabu." Libizwa ngokuthi imicu emincane exhumanisa lolu ngqimba ne-pia mater engaphansi ibukeka njengemilenze yesicabucabu. Lolu ngqimba alunazo imithambo yegazi noma imizwa.

3. I-Pia Mater: Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi, ungqimba oluncane kakhulu olunamathele ngokuqinile ebuchosheni nasentanjeni yomgogodla . Njengeshidi le-cellophane, lufakwe kuwo wonke umgodi nokugoqwa kobuchopho. Imithambo yegazi eminingi enikeza igazi ezicutshini zobuchopho idlula kulolu ngqimba.

Ikakhulukazi, i-arachnoid mater kanye ne-pia mater zaziwa ngokuthi ama-leptomeninges .

Ziyini izikhala phakathi kwezingqimba zama-meninges?

Kunezikhala ezintathu ezibalulekile phakathi kwalezi zingqimba ezintathu ze-membrane. Lezi akuzona nje izikhala ezingenalutho, futhi zinemisebenzi ekhethekile.

• Isikhala Se-Epidural: Lesi siphakathi kogebhezi lwakho kanye ne-dura mater. Futhi siyindawo ephakathi komgogodla kanye ne-dura mater. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi kunikezwa "i-epidural" kwezinye izinhlinzeko noma ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ama-analgesics kanye ne-anesthesia afakwa kulesi sikhala se-epidural. Intambo yethu yomgogodla iphelela phakathi komgogodla, phakathi kwe-vertebrae yokuqala neyesibili ye-lumbar. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal kuphela. Ukubhoboza Kwe-LumbarEsinye, noma njengoba sisho, "ukuthatha amanzi ngemuva," ukuhlolwa okwenziwa kuleyo ndawo.

• Isikhala Esingaphansi Kwendawo: Lesi sitholakala phakathi kwe-dura mater kanye ne-arachnoid mater. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, lesi akusona "isikhala" kangako. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ukushaywa okukhulu ekhanda kanye nokopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho, njengokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni, noma ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha, lesi sikhala singavuleka.

• Isikhala Esingaphansi Kwe-Subarachnoid: Lesi sitholakala phakathi kwe-arachnoid mater kanye ne-pia mater. Lesi sikhala sigcwele uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) . Lolu ketshezi olubizwa nge-CSF lubaluleke kakhulu. Luvikela ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla ekushaqekeni okuhlukahlukene, njenge-cushion. Futhi, le CSF isiza ekuhlinzekeni izakhamzimba nokususa imfucuza.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yama-meninges?

Manje usunombono omncane wokuthi la ma-membrane abizwa ngokuthi ama-meninge abaluleke kangakanani. Ake sibheke imisebenzi yawo eyinhloko:

• Ukuvikela Isistimu Yezinzwa Ephakathi (CNS): Uma kwenzeka ukulimala ekhanda noma ingozi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ubuchopho nomgogodla ngokusebenza njengomvikeli wokushaqeka , kunokuthumela ngqo ukushaqeka ebuchosheni.
• Ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi: Lezi zindwangu zisiza ukugcina ubuchopho nomgogodla kuzinzile ngaphakathi kwekhanda kanye nekholomu yomgogodla, kuzivimbele ukuthi zihambehamba.
• Ukusekela imithambo yegazi, imizwa, kanye nohlelo lwe-lymphatic: Ama-meninge asiza ukusekela nokusekela imithambo yegazi ehlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni kanye nomgogodla (isibonelo , i-Middle Meningeal Artery) , imizwa (isibonelo, i-Trigeminal Nerve , i-Vagus Nerve ), kanye nohlelo lwe-lymphatic (uhlelo olususa imfucuza). Abalulekile futhi ekugelezeni kahle koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF).

Izici ezikhethekile zengqimba ngayinye ye-meningeal

Ake sibheke lezi zingqimba ezintathu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Okuningi ngo-Dura Mater

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lolu ulwelwesi olungaphandle, olujiyile, nolunamandla kakhulu. Lwakhiwe ngezingqimba ezimbili zezicubu ezixhumeneyo. Uhlangothi olulodwa lunamathele ekhanda, kanti olunye uhlangothi lunamathele ku-arachnoid mater.

Le dura mater inesimiso esikhethekile semithambo yegazi esibizwa ngokuthi ama-dural venous sinuses . Lawa yilawo akhipha igazi elingcolile ebuchosheni bese ebuyisela i-CSF esetshenzisiwe ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi.

I-dura mater ithola igazi layo ikakhulukazi elivela ku-Middle Meningeal Artery . I-trigeminal nerve, ebalulekile ekuzizweni kobuso bethu nasekuhlafuneni, nayo idlula kuyo.

Enye into ekhethekile nge-dura mater ukuthi igoqeka ngaphakathi, yakha ama-membrane amane abizwa ngokuthi ama-dural reflections . Lawa afana namakhethini amancane ngaphakathi kobuchopho, ahlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho (ikakhulukazi ama-cerebral hemispheres) futhi asize ekuzigcineni zihlelekile.

Okuningi mayelana ne-Arachnoid Mater

Lesi yisigaba esiphakathi ngaphansi kwe-dura mater. Siqanjwe kanjalo ngoba sincane kakhulu futhi sibukeka njenge-spider web. Asinazo imithambo yegazi noma imizwa. Kodwa-ke, sinezinhlayiya ezenziwe ngezicubu ezixhumanisayo ezisixhumanisa ne-dura mater. Isikhala esingaphansi kwe-subarachnoid phakathi kwe-arachnoid mater kanye ne-dura mater sigcwele uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF), olunikeza umphumela wokunciphisa ubuchopho.

Okuningi ngo-Pia Mater

Lolu ulwelwesi olungaphakathi kakhulu noluncane olunamathela ngokuqinile ebusweni bobuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Kubonakala sengathi lungene lwajula kuzo zonke izingqimba zobuchopho. Imithambo yegazi eminingi enikeza igazi ezicutshini zobuchopho idlula kulokhu. Kuphinde kusize ukugcina i-'CSF' isendaweni eyodwa. Endabeni yomgogodla, le matrix nayo inegalelo ekunikezeni umgogodla ukuqina namandla.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta ama-meninges?

Ama-meninge, enza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, angathinteka yizifo ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo zingaba yingozi kakhulu. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimo eziyinhloko ezibonakala:

• I-Meningitis: Lolu uhlobo "lomkhuhlane wobuchopho" esesike sezwa ngalo sonke. Kalula nje, luwukutheleleka (ukuvuvukala) kwama-meninges. Lokhu kutheleleka kungabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma isikhunta . Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kuyini ngempela , ukubhoboza kwe-lumbar kuvame ukwenziwa ukuhlola isampula yoketshezi lomgogodla. Isibonelo, uma ingane encane ivele ibe nomkhuhlane omkhulu, intamo eqinile, nokuhlanza, lokhu kungaba izimpawu ze-meningitis. Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha. Akuvamile kakhulu, i-meningitis ingavela ngaphandle kokutheleleka ngenxa yomdlavuza, ezinye izifo zokuvuvukala, ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho, noma imithi ethile.

• I-Subdural Hematoma: Lokhu ukuqoqwa kwegazi phakathi kwe-dura mater kanye ne-arachnoid mater ngenxa yokuqhekeka komthambo wegazi. Lesi simo kungenzeka kakhulu ngemva kokulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile, noma kubantu abathatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi . Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nokuwa okuncane kungabangela lolu hlobo lokopha.

• Ukopha kwezinye izendlalelo ze-meningeal: Ngenxa yokuthi imithambo yegazi eminingi idlula ezingqimbeni ze-meninges, ukulimala ekhanda kungabangela ukopha phakathi kwanoma yiziphi zalezi zendlalelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izimo:

• I-Meningioma: Lolu uhlobo lwesimila esikhula kuma-meninges. LokhuEsikhathini esiningi, izimila azinawo umdlavuza (ezingenabungozi), okusho ukuthi azisabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimila zikhula ngokwanele ukuba zingene ebuchosheni futhi zibe yingozi empilweni, kungadingeka zisuswe ngokuhlinzwa.

• I-Meningeal Carcinomatoses: Yilapho umdlavuza owaqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni usakazekela kuma-meninges. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu.

Kunezinye izifo ezithinta ngayinye yalezi zingqimba ngokwahlukana. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-meninges ayisivikelo esiyinhloko esivikela ubuchopho bethu, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi noma yisiphi isifo esithinta lokhu singasongela ukuphila .

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi la ma-membrane amathathu abizwa ngokuthi ama-meninge abaluleke kangakanani ebuchosheni bethu nasemgogodleni. Njengabalindi abathathu abavikela impahla yethu eyigugu kakhulu.

Lezi zendlalelo ezintathu, i-dura mater, i-arachnoid mater, kanye ne-pia mater, kanye noketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, zivikela izicubu zobuchopho bethu ekushayeni ugebhezi. Zenza neminye imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile.

Ngakho-ke, uma uthola ukulimala ekhanda ngenxa yengozi (njengengozi yemoto, ukudlala imidlalo, noma ukuwa), ungakuthathi kalula. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ungaboni ukulimala okukhulu ngaphandle, ama-meninges noma izicubu zobuchopho zingalimala ngaphakathi futhi zibangele ukopha (Intracranial Hemorrhage). Ngakho-ke, uma uthola ukulimala ekhanda, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela futhi uthole iseluleko. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kungenziwa futhi, uma kunenkinga, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngokushesha. Khumbula, ubuchopho bethu buyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu, futhi kungumthwalo wethu wemfanelo ukusinakekela!

Ama- Meninges, Ubuchopho, Intambo Yomgogodla, I-Dura Mater, I-Arachnoid Mater, I-Pia Mater, Ulwelo Lomgogodla, I-Meningitis, I-Subdural Hematoma, Ama-Meninges, I-CSF, I-CNS, Impilo Yobuchopho, Intambo Yomgogodla