Ingabe ushayeke ekhanda ndawana thize? Ingabe kufanele sihlole ukuthi ngabe kuyisicanucanu? Ake sifunde ngalesi sivivinyo!

Wake washaya ikhanda lakho ngenkathi udlala, ugijima, ugxuma, noma uhleli nje? Nokho, kuvamile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezincane nalabo abadlala imidlalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuqhuma okuncane kungase kubonakale kuyinto engasho lutho. Kodwa-ke, sidinga ukuqaphela kakhudlwana ngokulimala okuthile ekhanda, njengokuqhuma . Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi kuyini ukuqhuma, yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngakho, nokuthi yini okudingeka sikwazi.

Kuyini ukuxhuzula? Kalula nje...

Cabanga ngekhanda lakho njengokhukhunathi, ubuchopho bakho bungaphakathi ngokuphephile. Kodwa uma ungashaya ikhanda lakho ngamandla endaweni ethile ngokuzumayo, noma uma ikhanda lakho liqhuma ngokuzumayo phambili, emuva, noma eceleni ngenxa yokushaywa ngamandla emzimbeni, ubuchopho obungaphakathi kwekhanda lakho bungathuthumela kancane. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuquleka, ukulimala kwesikhashana, okuncane ebuchosheni. Ukuze kube sobala, odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu kancane (TBI). Lokhu kungaphazamisa okwesikhashana ukusebenza okuvamile kobuchopho.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginesifo sokuxhuzula?

Nansi inkolelo evamile engalungile. Okusho ukuthi, ukubhajwa kwethambo kwenzeka kuphela uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi ababhajwa kwethambo abakaze balahlekelwe ingqondo. Wena, ingane yakho, noma othile oseduze nawe ningase nibhajwe kwethambo kodwa ningazi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze nihlolwe, noma ngabe nicabanga ukuthi "kungukulimala okuncane nje."

Cabanga ngengane yakho encane iwela esihlalweni ishaye ikhanda layo ngenkathi idlala. Ikhala isikhashana bese iqala ukudlala futhi. Ungase ucabange, "Kulungile." Kodwa kungcono ukuyiqaphela, njengoba ezinye izimpawu zingase zivele kamuva.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuxhuzula? Qaphela lezi!

Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ezinye zivela ngokushesha ngemva kokulimala, kanti ezinye zingavela emahoreni noma ngisho nasezinsukwini kamuva. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu eziyinhloko ongase uzibone:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Lesi yisibonakaliso esivame kakhulu.
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza: Ungase uzizwe sengathi isisu sakho siyaqhuma futhi ungase uzizwe sengathi uzohlanza.
• Ukudideka: Umuzwa wokudideka, njengokuthi "Kwenzekeni? Ngikuphi?"
• Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo okwesikhashana: Akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa kungenzeka kwabanye.
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi/isiyezi/ukuquleka: Ungase uzizwe "ujikeleza futhi ujikeleza", "uthuthumela ngisho nalapho uhleli khona".
• Izinkinga zokubona: Ungase ubone izinto ngezingxenye ezimbili (ukubona okuphindwe kabili) noma ubone izinto ngendlela efiphele (ukubona okufiphele).
• Ukukhala ezindlebeni: Kuzwakala njengomsindo "wokukhala...".
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya nomsindo:Izibani zicimile, futhi umsindo uzwakala unzima kakhulu.
• Ukukhathala noma ukozela: Ukuzizwa ukhathele nje, ulele.
• Izinguquko ezindleleni zokulala: Ungase ulale isikhathi eside noma kancane kunokujwayelekile, noma ungase ungakwazi nhlobo ukulala.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda kanye/noma ukugxila: Kubonakala sengathi kukhona okungahambi engqondweni yakho, futhi kunzima ukugcina ingqondo yakho igxile entweni eyodwa.
• Ukucindezeleka noma ukudabuka: Ukuzizwa udabukile nje, uzizwa ukhungathekile.
• Ukucasuka, ukungahlaliseki, nokukhathazeka: Ukuthukuthela ngezinto ezincane, uzizwe sengathi awuphilile.
• Ukuzizwa "akulungile" noma "kusenkungwini": Njengokungathi ubuchopho abucabangi, konke akucaci.
• Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukukhohlwa kanye/noma ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.

Uma uhlangabezana nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu ngemva kokulimala ekhanda, kufanele nakanjani ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Kufanele uhlolwe nini ukuthi unesifo sokuxhuzula?

Kalula nje, uma ushaya ikhanda lakho ndawana thize, noma uma intamo yakho igxumagxuma ngokuzumayo futhi ibangele umthelela ekhanda lakho (njenge-"Whiplash"), kungumqondo omuhle ukuthi uhlolwe ukuze ubone ukuthi une-concussion. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola "Ukuqonda" kwakho, okuyindlela ubuchopho bakho obucabanga ngayo, indlela oqonda ngayo ulwazi, kanye nekhono lakho lokukhumbula izinto ezinjalo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-concussion kuyithuluzi elibalulekile elisiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi kukhona yini i-concussion. Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kungasiza ekuhleleni ukwelashwa okufanele nokusheshisa ukululama. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyaphindwa futhi ngesikhathi sokululama ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ubuchopho buyalulama kahle kangakanani.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-concussion kubhekani ebuchosheni?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-concussion kuhlola imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yobuchopho. Emikhulu yile:

• Ukuqaphela: Yeka ukuthi uqaphile kangakanani.
• Inkumbulo: Inkumbulo yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside injani?
• Ukunaka nokugxila: Isikhathi esingakanani ongagxila ngaso entweni eyodwa futhi ucabange ngayo njalo.
• Isivinini sokucabanga nokuxazulula izinkinga: Ungakwazi yini ukuphendula imibuzo ngokushesha futhi ucabange ngezinto?
• Ukukwazi ukukhumbula ulwazi.
• Umbono.
• Ukulinganisela nokuhlanganisa.
• Ukuzindla.
• Ukuzwa.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-concussion? Kwenziwa kanjani?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwe-concussion. Lokhu kungaba imibuzo elula kakhulu, uhlu lokuhlola izimpawu, njll. Ezinye zenziwa abaqeqeshi bezemidlalo nodokotela, kanti ezinye ziphathwa yibo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Lawa mathuluzi okuhlola ukuxhuzula awekho esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Uma umdlali, ikakhulukazi umdlali osemusha ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, ehlushwa ukuxhuzula, akulona neze umqondo omuhle ukumbuyisela emuva ukuyodlala ngalolo suku. Kufanele asuswe emdlalweni kuze kube yilapho udokotela emhlola futhi ethi kuphephile ukudlala.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

Amathuluzi okuhlola ukuxhuzula athandwayo

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-SAC (Standardized Assessment of Concussion): Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola isimo sengqondo sabadlali esiseduze, kungaba senkundleni noma egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Kuhilela ukubabuza usuku nesikhathi, ukubacela ukuba bakhumbule amagama athile bese bewaphinda, nokubacela ukuthi basho izinombolo ezithile ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kuthatha cishe imizuzu emi-5.
• I-SCAT 5 (Ithuluzi Lokuhlola Ukungqubuzana Kwemidlalo 5): Lolu vivinyo olunemininingwane eminingi kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-13 ubudala. Ngaphezu kokuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kwe-SAC, luhlanganisa nezinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwentamo, ukuhlolwa kokulinganisela komzimba, kanye nohlu lokuhlola izimpawu. Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluhlukile lwezingane ezincane (ezineminyaka engu-6-12 ubudala).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-King-Devick: Lokhu kuhilela ukufunda uchungechunge lwezinombolo ezikhiqizwe ngokungahleliwe emakhadini. Lokhu kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala komdlalo bese kubhalwa isikhathi. Lokhu kwenziwa futhi ngemva kokulimala ekhanda. Uma kudlule cishe imizuzwana emi-5 kunesikhathi esedlule, kusolwa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhuzula kwekhanda.
• I-BESS (Isistimu Yokulinganisa Amaphutha Ebhalansi): Lokhu kulinganisa ibhalansi. Kufanele ume amehlo akho evaliwe nezandla zakho zisezinqeni zakho cishe imizuzwana engama-20 ezindaweni ezahlukene endaweni ezinzile kanye nendawo engazinzile (isb. efomini).
• I-ACE (Ukuhlolwa Kokungqubuzana Okubukhali): Leli ithuluzi elisetshenziswa odokotela. Liqoqa ulwazi oluningi, njengembangela yokungqubuzana, izimpawu (kukhona uhlu lwamaphuzu angu-22), izinkinga zenkumbulo, ukungqubuzana kwangaphambilini, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
• I-ImPACT (Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kwangemva Kokushaywa Yingqondo kanye Nokuhlolwa Kokuqonda): Lolu vivinyo olusekelwe kukhompyutha, ikakhulukazi kubadlali abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12. Lulinganisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yobuchopho, njengenkumbulo, isikhathi sokusabela, kanye nokuqashelwa kwezinombolo.

Ngisho noma lezi zivivinyo zisikisela ukuthi unesifo sokuxhuzula, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba, ahlole umbono wakho kanye nebhalansi yakho, futhi uma kudingeka, kungenziwa i-MRI noma i-CT scan ukuze kuhlolwe noma yikuphi ukopha kwangaphakathi noma ukuklwebheka.Futhi, kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi "Isibonakaliso Sokuhlukumezeka Kobuchopho". Lokhu kulinganisa amaprotheni amabili akhethekile aqongelela egazini uma kukhona ukulimala okuncane ebuchosheni. Uma la maprotheni ekhona, kungacatshangwa ukuthi kungase kube nokopha ngaphakathi ebuchosheni.

Ziyini izivivinyo zokuqala neze-sideline zabadlali?

Lokhu kwenziwa kakhulu kubadlali bezemidlalo abasezingeni lesikole. Labo abadlala imidlalo enomthelela omkhulu bathatha ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuxhuzula ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini. Lokhu kulinganisa ukusebenza kobuchopho babo jikelele - izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, isivinini sokucabanga, kanye nokunaka. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwekhompyutha kufana nomdlalo wevidiyo.

Uma umdlali elimala ekhanda ngesikhathi somdlalo, uyasuswa emdlalweni bese lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa futhi. Ngemuva kwalokho singaqhathanisa imiphumela nesisekelo sangaphambilini ukuze sibone ukuthi kukhona yini umehluko.

Ukuhlolwa Kokungqubuzana Kwengqondo Eceleni kungenye indlela elula. Umdlali osolwa ngokuba nokungqubuzana kwengqondo uyiswa eceleni bese kubhekwa umsebenzi wobuchopho. Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo ihlanganisa:

• "Lithini igama leqembu eliphikisayo? Lithini inani?" (Bheka inkumbulo yesikhashana)
• "Ngitshele igama lakho nosuku lokuzalwa." (Bheka inkumbulo yesikhathi eside)
• "Zama ukusho izinyanga zonyaka ngakolunye uhlangothi." (Umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi)

Futhi, akekho umdlali osolwa ngokuba ne-concussion okufanele avunyelwe ukubuyela ekudlaleni ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela! Nakuba lezi zivivinyo zingase zinikeze ulwazi oluthile, isiphetho sikadokotela yisona esibaluleke kakhulu.

Ungakwazi yini ukwenza isivivinyo esincane ekhaya?

Okokuqala, khumbula lokhu: Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha kuphela ongahlonza ngokunembile ukuxhuzula kwekhanda. Kodwa-ke, uma othile omaziyo eshaye ikhanda lakhe (isibonelo, uma ingane yakho iwa ngenkathi idlala, noma uma umuntu osekhulile ewa), kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ukuze uqoqe ulwazi ngaphambi kokuba ubone udokotela. Lolu lwazi luzoba usizo kakhulu kudokotela.

Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ongayibuza nezinto ongazibona ngaleso sikhathi:

• Buza umuntu oshaye ikhanda lakhe igama lakhe, indawo, isikhathi, usuku, nokuthi kwenzekeni.
• Bacele basho igama elithi "umhlaba" uhlamvu nohlamvu. (Isibonelo: ಯ-ಕ-ಓ-ಲ)
• Buza ukuthi unekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, noma isicanucanu .
• Mcele ukuthi abheke umunwe wakho abone ukuthi uyawulandela yini ngamehlo womabili. (Bhala u-"X" omkhulu phambi kwakhe ngomunwe wakho.)
• Buza ukuthi kukhona yini ukungazweli noma ubuthakathaka emzimbeni wakho .
• Bheka ukuthi uyangingiza yini lapho ekhuluma noma ukuthi amazwi akhe awacaci yini .
• Bheka ukuthi amehlo akhe alingana yini ngobukhulu, nokuthi elilodwa likhulu/lincane yini .
• Phuma uyobona ukuthi unenkinga yini ngomsindo .
• Ingabe kukhona ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwakhe?Bheka ukuthi ukhathazekile kakhulu, ucasukile, udidekile, noma ulele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.

Kodwa khumbula, akufanele neze uhlole ukuxhuzula kwekhanda wedwa. Uma uzishaya ekhanda noma kuphi, noma ngabe ukulimala okuncane, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Udokotela uzokwenza ukuxilongwa ngokwenza izivivinyo zakhe futhi, uma kudingeka, ukuskena.

Ithini imiphumela yokuhlolwa? Yini oyenzayo ngokulandelayo?

Ukuhlolwa ngakunye kokuxhuzula kwengqondo kunesistimu yokuthola amaphuzu. Udokotela uzohlanganisa le miphumela yokuhlolwa, izimpawu zakho, kanye nemiphumela yezinye izivivinyo ukuze anqume ukuthi unesifo sokuxhuzula kwengqondo.

Uma unesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe "ngohlelo lokululama." Ngokuvamile luhlanganisa izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Lala futhi uphumule kangcono kunokujwayelekile. Kodwa akukuhle ukuhlala nje ungenzi lutho, ngoba lokho kungalibazisa ukululama.
• Thola izinto ezibangela ukwanda kwezimpawu zokuxhuzula. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, yeka okwenzayo bese uphumula.
• Njengoba izimpawu zakho ziphela, buyela kancane kancane emisebenzini yansuku zonke.
• Uma umuntu onesifo sokuwa kwengqondo engumfundi, yenza uhlelo lokuthi uzoqala nini ukubuyela esikoleni (ngokukhuluma nothisha, abahlengikazi besikole, kanye nabeluleki).
• Abaqeqeshi bezemidlalo kanye nezinqubo zesikole noma zenhlangano zokulimala kwemisipha yimithetho nezinqubo zokunakekela umuntu (ngokuvamile umfundi-umdlali) oye walimala ekhanda.

Ingabe kufanele sibheke amehlo? - Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphazamisekile

Ingxenye emnyama ephakathi kwamehlo akho (siyibiza ngokuthi i-pupil) ngokuvamile kufanele ibe nobukhulu obufanayo kuwo womabili amehlo. Futhi, kufanele ifinyele ngokushesha lapho ukukhanya kuwashaya.

Isivivinyo esilula sokuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukuxhuzula kwekhanda ukubamba ithoshi elifiphele lize lifike esweni bese ulibheka. Uma iris ingavulwa ngokushesha ngenxa yokukhanya, noma uma ivuvukala, kungaba uphawu lokulimala kobuchopho (isb., ukucindezela okukhulu kwangaphakathi kobuchopho - ICP). Uma iris ingasabeli nhlobo ekukhanyeni, kungaba uphawu lokulimala kobuchopho okukhulu.

Futhi, ukuma komunwe wendandatho omnyama kubalulekile. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kube yindilinga. Uma kunesimo esifana neqanda, lokho kungaba uphawu lokuphazamiseka kobuchopho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Nakuba ukubhajwa kwethambo kuyingozi encane ebuchosheni, akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Ukuhlolwa kokubhajwa kwethambo kuyithuluzi elilula nelisheshayo elisiza odokotela ukuthi baxilonge. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abasebenzisi lezi zivivinyo zodwa ukuze bathole ukuthi ngabe ukubhajwa kwethambo kube khona yini. Baphinde benze ukuhlolwa okugcwele, okuhlanganisa nokuskena uma kudingeka.

Uma uxilongwa kusenesikhathi futhi uphatha kahle, ungalulama ngokushesha futhi uvimbele umonakalo owengeziwe.

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Ngakho-ke, uma ushaya ikhanda lakho noma kuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhulu noma kuncane kangakanani, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela futhi uthole iseluleko. Yilokho okungcono kakhulu ukuze uphephe futhi ululame ngokushesha. Uyaqonda?

Ukubhajwa kwekhanda , ukulimala kobuchopho, ukulimala kwekhanda, ukuhlolwa kokubhajwa kwekhanda, izimpawu, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ukululama