Ungalisebenzisa igazi ukuhlola umdlavuza? (Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Komdlavuza) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Uma sisola umdlavuza, umbuzo omkhulu ofika engqondweni yethu uthi, 'Ingabe lokhu kungatholakala egazini?' Eqinisweni, odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuxilonga umdlavuza, babone isigaba sawo, futhi bahlele ukwelashwa. Phakathi kwalokhu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyithuluzi elibalulekile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela akwanele ukuqinisekisa umdlavuza.

Ingabe umdlavuza ungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela?

Kalula nje, iningi lomdlavuza alikwazi ukutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela. Kodwa-ke, eminye imidlavuza yegazi ingatholakala ngale ndlela. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-Hodgkin lymphoma
• I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• I-Leukemia
• I-myeloma eminingi

Lokhu kungatholakala ngezinga elithile ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, kodwa eminye imidlavuza yezitho eziqinile, njengeyamaphaphu, eyebele, neye-colon, kunzima ukuyithola ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwegazi ezisetshenziswa ukuthola umdlavuza?

Odokotela bahlukanisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi komdlavuza ngezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko. Ake sibheke ukuthi kuyini.

Inani Eliphelele Legazi (i-CBC)

Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okwenziwa njalo. Eminye imidlavuza yegazi, njenge-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma, ingabonakala ngalokhu kuhlolwa (i-CBC). Kuphinde kusize udokotela wakho ukuthola umbono wokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani ekwelashweni nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo. Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukuthola imidlavuza efana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, webele, noma wamathumbu amakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Kophawu Lwesimila

Lezi zivivinyo zifuna amakhemikhali athile akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu nsuku zonke egazini lethu. Uma kunamakhemikhali amaningi kakhulu egazini, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-'CA-125' kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye nokubona ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini. Okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-'PSA (i-prostate-specific antigen)`. Lokhu `(PSA)` kuyiprotheni ekhiqizwa yindlala ye-`(prostate)` emadodeni. Ukwanda kwezinga le-`(PSA)` egazini kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza we-prostate.

Ukuhlolwa Kwamaprotheni Egazi

Lezi zivivinyo zibheka amazinga angajwayelekile amaprotheni egazini lakho. Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu amaprotheni angaba uphawu lomdlavuza wegazi, ikakhulukazi i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kanye ne-multiple myeloma. Ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), zifaka nje ukuhlolwa kwe-total protein. Lokho kunganikeza lolu lwazi.

Ukuhlolwa Kweseli Lesisu Esijikelezayo (i-CTC)

Empeleni lolu uhlobo lwe-biopsy oluwuketshezi. Lubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza egazini lakho. Ngezinye izikhathi izingcezu ezincane zamangqamuzana omdlavuza zingaphuka zingene egazini lakho. Odokotela basebenzisa lolu vivinyo ukubikezela umphumela wesikhathi esizayo wabantu abanomdlavuza webele, we-prostate, noma wamathumbu amakhulu. Uma izinga lama-CTC egazini lakho liphansi, noma lingabonakali, lokho kuyisibonakaliso esihle. Kodwa uma kune-CTC eningi egazini lakho, lokho akusona isibonakaliso esihle, futhi ungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa umdlavuza?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela akwanele ukuqinisekisa umdlavuza. Ngokuqinisekile kuzodingeka wenze okunye ukuhlolwa okuningana. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• I- Biopsy : Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu esithweni noma emnkantsheni osolisayo bese uyithumela elabhorethri lapho ihlaziywa khona.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe : Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ama-X-ray, ama-CT (computed tomography), ama-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), noma ama-PET (positron emission tomography). Lokhu kusiza udokotela ukuthola indawo yezimila ezinomdlavuza futhi anqume isigaba sazo.
• Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile : Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kudingeke ezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, i-mammogram ingenziwa ukusiza ekutholeni umdlavuza webele, noma i-Pap smear ingenziwa ukuze kutholakale umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Ingabe izigaba zokuqala zomdlavuza zingatholakala ngegazi?

Umdlavuza omningi awubonakali ekuhlolweni kwegazi okuvamile ezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, manje sekukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile okungabona umdlavuza kwabanye abantu kusenesikhathi.

• ` Ukuhlolwa kweGalleri` : Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile. Kungathola izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingaphezu kuka-50! Kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi `ukulandelana kwe-DNA` ukuthola amaphethini ahlukile kumdlavuza. Kungatshela udokotela ukuthi unomdlavuza nokuthi uqale kuphi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-plasma okusekelwe ku-Proteomics : Ucwaningo lwango-2024 luthole ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusha kungathola izinhlobo ezingu-18 zomdlavuza kusenesikhathi. (I-Proteomics isifundo samaprotheni eseli nendlela asebenza ngayo.) Ucwaningo, olwaluhlanganisa abantu abangu-440, luthole u-93% womdlavuza weSigaba I kwabesilisa kanye no-84% womdlavuza weSigaba I kwabesifazane. Nakuba kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe, lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kungaba yindlela ejwayelekile yokuthola umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa okunjalo kumele ichazwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.Futhi, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela oqeqeshiwe mayelana nokuhlolwa okulandelayo kanye nokwelashwa okudingeka ukwenze.

Siyazi ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola umdlavuza ezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza okuvamile kungasiza ekutholeni izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa okufanele iminyaka yakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza uhlale uphilile.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi komdlavuza kusebenza kanjani?

Uma kuhlanganiswa nezinye izivivinyo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunganikeza udokotela wakho ulwazi olubalulekile. Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela...

• Ingabe kukhona amakhemikhali namaprotheni egazini lakho abonisa umdlavuza?
• Kungaba ngenxa yomdlavuza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amazinga amangqamuzana egazi aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi kakhulu.
• Iyini isigaba somdlavuza ?
• Iphumelela kangakanani le ndlela yokwelapha ?
• Ingabe umdlavuza ubuyile (ukuphinda ubuye)?

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomdlavuza?

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile yokuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho. Le miyalelo ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa olwenzayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ucelwe ukuthi "uzile ukudla" amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akufanele udle noma uphuze lutho ngaphandle kwamanzi. Ungase futhi ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Yini ongayilindela lapho uhlolwa igazi?

Kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje ukuthatha isampula yegazi kuwe. Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzokwenza kanje:

• Okokuqala, i-tourniquet iboshelwe engalweni yakho engenhla.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, kuhlanzwa indawo esikhumbeni sakho, ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwendololwane noma esandleni sakho.
• Kufakwa inaliti kuleyo ndawo. Ngaleso sikhathi, ungase uzizwe umuzwa omncane wokucasuka, njengokulunywa yintuthwane.
• Khulula ibhande eliqinile kancane.
• Ipayipi lixhunywe enalitini bese igazi ligcwaliswa kuyo.
• Bese kususwa kokubili ibhendi kanye nephini.
• Kucindezelwa ingcindezi encane ukuze kumiswe ukuphuma kwegazi endaweni lapho kubhotshozwe khona.
• Ekugcineni, kufakwa ibhandishi endaweni.

Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo?

Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi lomdlavuza, kuzodingeka ugcine iplasta ivuliwe amahora ambalwa. Futhi, uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka, kungase kudingeke ugweme ukuzivocavoca amahora ambalwa ngemva kokuhlolwa. (Uma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho likhuphuka, ukopha kunganda.)

Yiziphi izingozi noma imiphumela emibi yokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphephile kakhulu, futhi izingozi ziphansi kakhulu. Ungase ube nokuklwebheka noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yenaliti. Akuvamile kakhulu, umthambo ungavuvukala. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukufaka into efudumele (njengendwangu efudumele noma i-heating pad) kungasiza.

Ngizoyazi nini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwami?

Cishe uzothola imiphumela yakho zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo, kungathatha izinsuku eziningana.

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele ulindele imiphumela nini nokuthi ungaxoxa kanjani nawe ngayo ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakho.

Uma imiphumela yami ingajwayelekile, kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo?

Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa ukuthi ungase ube nomdlavuza, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zomdlavuza. Lowo chwepheshe angenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa futhi ancome uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kudinga njalo ithimba elihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi. Udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza uzosebenza nochwepheshe abahlukahlukene ukuze akunikeze ukwelashwa okudingayo.

Ingabe iphaneli yamafutha ingawubona umdlavuza?

Cha, odokotela abasebenzisi amaphaneli e-lipid ukuthola umdlavuza. Iphaneli ye-lipid iyisivivinyo esilinganisa amazinga e-cholesterol nama-triglycerides egazini lakho. Sisiza odokotela ukubona ingozi yakho yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo, njengokushaywa unhlangothi kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ngisho noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lami kujwayelekile, ngingaba nomdlavuza?

Yebo, noma ngabe imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwegazi ijwayelekile, usengaba nomdlavuza. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukodwa akukwazi ukubona izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Eminye imidlavuza yegazi, njenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kanye ne-multiple myeloma, ayifani nalo mthetho.

Ukulinda ukuthola ukuthi unomdlavuza yini kungaba sengathi isikhathi sesiphelile. Kungaba nzima ukuqhubeka nokuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi kusasa kuzolethani. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa - futhi ukuhlola igazi lakho umdlavuza kungenye yazo. Bazokuchazela ukuthi ukuhlolwa ngakunye kuzokwenzenjani nokuthi imiphumela yakho izosho ukuthini.

Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kulesi sihloko:

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sikhulume kakhulu ngomdlavuza nokuhlolwa kwegazi namuhla. Ngamafuphi, nazi izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyingxenye eyodwa nje yenqubo yokuthola umdlavuza. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela akukwazi ukuqinisekisa umdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunganikeza izinkomba mayelana neminye imidlavuza ehlobene negazi (i-Leukemia, i-Lymphoma).
• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwegazi, njenge-`(CBC)`, `(Tumor markers)`, `(Blood protein tests)`, kanye ne-`(CTC tests),` futhi ngayinye ibheka izinto ezahlukene.
• Ukuqinisekisa umdlavuza , kudingeka izivivinyo ezengeziwe ezifana ne-biopsy kanye nokuhlolwa kwesithombe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusha (ukuhlolwa kweGalleri, ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ku-Proteomics) okungabona umdlavuza ezigabeni zawo zokuqala nakho kuyacwaningwa, kodwa akukasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile.
• Uma usola ukuthi unomdlavuza, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Bazokutshela ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ozidingayo.
• Ngisho noma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho ijwayelekile, yazisa udokotela wakho uma unezinye izimpawu, njengoba kungewona wonke umdlavuza obonakala egazini.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo nganoma yini, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Yibo abangakunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu.

Umdlavuza , ukuhlolwa kwegazi, izimpawu zesimila, i-CBC, ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, i-leukemia