Uyafuna ukwazi futhi ngokuhlolwa kwe-ANCA? Ake sixoxe ngakho ngokuningiliziwe!

Wake wezwa nge-`(ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA)`? Mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukutshele ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa, noma mhlawumbe usanda kubona igama ndawana thize wabe usuzibuza. Ngakho-ke, kuyini lokhu `(ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA)`? Kufunani ngempela? Kulesi sihloko, sizothola izimpendulo zemibuzo enjalo ongase ube nayo engqondweni.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA? Masikuqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese kubheka izinto ezithile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies, noma ama-ANCA ngamafuphi.

Manje ungase uzibuze, ziyini lezi `(ANCA)`? `(ANCA)` uhlobo lwe `(autoantibodies)` . `(Autoantibodies)` uhlobo lweprotheni ekhiqizwa yisimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela (okungukuthi, uhlelo olusivikela ezifweni). Kodwa-ke, inkinga ngalawa `(autoantibodies)` ukuthi ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana nezicubu ezinempilo emzimbeni wethu. Kufana nebutho lethu elihlasela izwe lakithi.

Lawa ma-'(ANCA)' ahlose ngqo amaprotheni atholakala kumaseli amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi '(ama-neutrophils) . '(Ama-Neutrophils)' afana namasosha amancane emizimbeni yethu. Yiwo alwa namagciwane futhi asisize sizivikele ezifweni. Ngakho-ke, lokhu '(ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA)' kungathola ukuthi unawo yini lawa ma-'(autoantibodies)' egazini lakho, futhi uma kunjalo, mangaki.

Uhlobo luni lwesifo olusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA ukuthola?

Odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA ikakhulukazi ukusiza ekuxilongeni izifo ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba, eziyingxenye yeqembu lezifo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-vasculitis .

Kuyini lokhu `(i-vasculitis)`?

Cabanga nje, kuyo yonke imizimba yethu, kunezinto ezincane ezifana nepayipi ezithwala igazi? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi imithambo yegazi. Kulesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-vasculitis," okwenzekayo ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba ahlasela le mithambo yegazi futhi abangele ukuba ivuvuke, okungukuthi, ivuvuke . Kufana nesilonda sangaphakathi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-vasculitis ezihlotshaniswa ne-ANCA:

• `(I-Granulomatosis ene-polyangiitis)` (eyayaziwa ngokuthi `(i-Wegener granulomatosis)`).
• `(I-Microscopic polyangiitis)` .
• I-granulomatosis ye-eosinophilic ene-polyangiitis (eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Churg-Strauss syndrome).

Imithambo yegazi yileyo ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni yethu liye kuzo zonke ezinye izitho nezicubu. Ngakho-ke, lapho le mithambo yegazi ivuvukala, igazi alihambi kahle. Lokhu kungalimaza izitho zethu ezibalulekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuholele nasezimweni eziyingozi njengokuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi (i-aneurysm) . Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola izimo ezinjalo ngokushesha.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-(ANCA)?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-ANCA. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-ANCA kungabonisa ukuthi unayo eyodwa noma zombili.

• `cANCA` : Lokhu kuhlose iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi `(proteinase 3)` noma `(PR3)` .
• `pANCA` : Lokhu kuhlose iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi `(myeloperoxidase)` noma `(MPO)` .

Zombili lezi zinhlobo `(amaprotheni)` zitholakala ngaphakathi kwamaseli amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi `(ama-neutrophils)` okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili. Ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-`(ANCA)` olukhona kusiza udokotela ekuxilongeni lesi sifo nasekuhleleni ukwelashwa.

Ubani owenza ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA? Kuhlolwa kanjani elabhorethri?

Ngokuvamile, umhlengikazi, udokotela, noma uchwepheshe webhulabhorethri uthatha isampula yegazi lakho, bese lithunyelwa ebhulabhorethri ukuze lihlolwe.

Kwenzekani elabhorethri (`elabhorethri`)?

Bathatha isampula yegazi lakho balixube nama-neutrophil ku-slide. Manje, uma kukhona ama-ANCA egazini lakho, azonamathela kuma-neutrophil. Bese kufakwa udayi okhethekile (ibala) ku-slide. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma uwubheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ungabona ngokucacile iphethini yama-ANCA anamathele ku-slide.

Ilebhu ikhomba la maseli njenge-cANCA (iphethini ye-cytoplasmic) noma i-pANCA (iphethini ye-perinuclear) ngokusekelwe kuphethini ethile ye-fluorescence ebonakala kula maseli.

Ilabhorethri ingasebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa noma ezimbili zokuhlolwa kwe-ANCA:

• `(Indirect immunofluorescence) (IIF)` : Lokhu kuhlolwa kukutshela kuphela ukuthi unawo lawo `(autoantibodies)` noma cha. Okusho ukuthi, umphumela uba `(positive)` noma `(negative)`.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-immunosorbent okuxhunywe ku-enzyme (ELISA) : Le ndlela yokuhlola isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza ukuthi iyini iphrotheni eqondiwe (okungukuthi i-PR3 noma i-MPO) ngaphakathi kwama-neutrophils.

Ingabe kukhona ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-ANCA?

Esikhathini esiningi , akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe i-ANCA. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izinto eziningana zingahlolwa ngesampula yegazi efanayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ezinye izivivinyo zingadinga ukuthi uzile ukudla amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-12, okusho ukuthi akufanele udle noma uphuze lutho ngaphandle kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo eqondile ngalokhu. Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngakho.

Yini okufanele uyilindele lapho wenza isivivinyo se-ANCA?

Kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela ukukhipha igazi lakho. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ehhovisi, emtholampilo, noma elabhorethri. Nansi indlela igazi elikhishwa ngayo:

• Okokuqala, i-tourniquet noma i-band iboshwe ngokuqinile engalweni yakho engenhla (ngaphezu kwesisu sakho).
• Ngemuva kwalokho, isikhumba lapho kuzokhishwa khona igazi sihlanzwa ngesibulali-magciwane.
• Okulandelayo, inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni eduze kwendololwane. Kuleli qophelo , ungase uzwe umuzwa wokuhlaba noma umuzwa wokukitaza kancane . Lokhu kuvamile.
• Ipayipi elincane linamathiselwa enalitini bese kuqoqwa inani legazi elidingekayo.
• Bese besusa itheyiphu nenaliti, bese bebamba indawo lapho inaliti ifakwe khona ngekotoni ukuze bamise ukuphuma kwegazi.
• Ekugcineni, kufakwa ibhandishi elincane (iplasta) endaweni.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-ANCA?

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokutshela ukuthi ugcine ibhandishi amahora ambalwa. Bangase futhi bakutshele ukuthi ugweme ukuzivocavoca okunzima amahora ambalwa ngemva kokunikela ngegazi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, akukho okukhethekile.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalokhu (ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA)?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphephile kakhulu futhi izingozi ziphansi kakhulu .

Ungase ube nokulimala okuncane lapho inaliti ifakwe khona. Lokhu kuvame ukunyamalala kodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Akuvamile kakhulu, umthambo ungavuvukala kancane. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukucindezela okufudumele kungasiza. Lokhu akusikho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ANCA?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA kuwukuhlolwa okukhethekile, ngakho kwenziwa elabhorethri ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke, kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya esontweni ukuze imiphumela ibuye. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ANCA? Ngikuqonda kanjani?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Udokotela wakho nguyena ozokhuluma nawe ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ANCA nokuthi iyithinta kanjani impilo yakho.

• Uma imiphumela "ingemihle": Lokhu cishe kusho ukuthi awunaso isimo se-"autoimmune vasculitis" esixoxwe ngaso ekuqaleni.
• Uma imiphumela ithi ``ilungile``: Kungase kusho ukuthi une-``autoimmune vasculitis``.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona okubalulekile okufanele ukuqonde lapha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA okuhle akusho ukuthi unesifo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe , njenge-biopsy (isampula yezicubu ezithathwe ukuze zihlolwe), noma okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi, okuhlanganisa izimpawu zakho kanye nemiphumela yezinye izivivinyo.

Okubalulekile: Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ANCA iyingxenye eyodwa nje yenqubo yokuxilonga. Ayinqumi ukuba khona kwesifo ngokwayo. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela lokhu kanye nezinye izici eziningi, njengezimpawu zakho, imiphumela yezinye izivivinyo, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ngakho-ke, yini into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyikhumbule kulokhu?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-"Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies", noma "i-ANCA", kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlola igazi esiza odokotela ukuthola izinhlobo ezithile ze-"autoimmune vasculitis", izimo lapho amasosha omzimba ethu ehlasela khona imithambo yegazi yethu.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi kungani udinga ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa nokuthi imiphumela izosho ukuthini kuwe. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi noma ungabaze. Uma unemibuzo noma ungaqondi okuthile, buza udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Kungcono ukwaziswa lapho wenza izinqumo mayelana nempilo yakho.

( Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA), Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANCA, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-vasculitis, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, ama-antibodies, ama-neutrophils, ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi