Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-insulin. Kungani ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi insulin, akunjalo? Mhlawumbe uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo sikashukela, noma uma wena unesifo sikashukela, leli gama lijwayelekile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, iyini i-insulin? Kungani ibaluleke kangaka emzimbeni wethu? Ake sixoxe ngayo kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini i-insulin? Yenzani?

Kalula nje, i-insulin iyi-hormone ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu. Yenziwa yisitho esibizwa ngokuthi ama-pancreas ethu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-insulin ukusiza amangqamuzana emizimba yethu ukuthi asebenzise ushukela, noma i-glucose ngokwezokwelapha, ekudleni esikudlayo njengamandla.

Cabanga ngale ndlela, amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu afana nezindlu ezincane. Lezi zindlu zidinga amandla ukuze zisebenze. Lawo mandla avela ku-glucose. Kodwa-ke, ukuze le glucose ingene ezindlini ezibizwa ngamaseli, idinga isihluthulelo sokuvula umnyango. Leso sihluthulelo yi-insulin. Lapho i-insulin ivula iminyango yamangqamuzana, i-glucose egazini iya emaselini bese iguqulwa ibe amandla.

Manje usuyaqonda ukubaluleka kwe-insulin, akunjalo? Uma ngesizathu esithile ama-pancreas ethu engakhiqizi i-insulin kahle, noma uma umzimba ungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-insulin oyikhiqizayo kahle, leyo glucose ayikwazi ukungena emangqamuzaneni. Khona-ke okwenzekayo ukuthi izinga le-glucose egazini liyakhula nje. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ushukela ophezulu egazini (i-hyperglycemia) . Uma lesi simo siqhubeka, sizobhekana nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ze-insulin ezinikezwa ngaphandle njengokwelashwa kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva.

Ingabe i-insulin iyawehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini noma iyawakhuphula?

Yebo, i-insulin yehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Yilowo umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko. Kodwa imizimba yethu isebenza ngendlela exakile kakhulu. Kukhona enye i-hormone esiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini elinganisela, futhi leyo yi-glucagon. Ngenkathi i-insulin yehlisa ushukela egazini, i-glucagon iphakamisa amazinga kashukela egazini uma kudingeka. Lawa ma-hormone amabili asebenza ndawonye ukugcina amazinga ethu kashukela egazini esezingeni elifanele.

Kodwa-ke, uma uthatha i-insulin ngaphandle njengendlela yokwelapha isifo sikashukela, ngezinye izikhathi uma uthatha okungaphezu kwenani elidingekayo, izinga likashukela egazini lakho lingase lehle kakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypoglycemia . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udinga ukudla noma ukuphuza ushukela ngokushesha ukuze ukulungise. Kukhona nemijovo ye-glucagon engenziwa uma ushukela egazini lakho wehla kakhulu. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Ikhiqizwa kuphi i-insulin?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-insulin ikhiqizwa kuma-pancreas ethu. Ngokuqondile, ngamaseli e-beta kumaqoqo akhethekile amaseli abizwa ngokuthi iziqhingi zaseLangerhans kuma-pancreas.Le hormone i-insulin ikhiqizwa yi-pancreas. Lena inqubo ye-endocrine . Okusho ukuthi, i-insulin ekhiqizwayo ikhishwa ngqo egazini.

I-pancreas nayo inomunye umsebenzi, okuyi -exocrine , okuwukukhishwa kwama-enzyme ngemigudu esiza ekugayeni ukudla.

Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingahlotshaniswa ne-insulin?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-insulin iyancipha ngokwemvelo, iyanda, noma ayisebenzi kahle emzimbeni, izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene zingavela.

Izifo zesifo sikashukela ezenzeka uma kungekho insulin eyanele

Uma i-insulin ingasebenzi kahle, amazinga kashukela egazini ayakhuphuka, okuholela kushukela. Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela zingabangelwa ukulimala kwe-pancreas:

• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1: Lesi yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba . Kalula nje, amasosha omzimba ethu ahlasela amaseli e-beta akhiqiza i-insulin. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo kwe-insulin emzimbeni cishe kunyamalala ngokuphelele.
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-3c (esaziwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela se-pancreatogenic): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pancreas yonakele futhi ingasakhiqizi i-insulin. Lesi simo singabangelwa yizimo ezifana ne -pancreatitis engapheli kanye ne -cystic fibrosis . Singenzeka futhi ngemva kokuba i-pancreas isisusiwe ngokuhlinzwa (i-pancreatectomy).
• Isifo sikashukela esizimele kubantu abadala (i-LADA): Lokhu kubangelwa nokusabela kwe-autoimmune, njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kodwa-ke, sikhula kancane. I-LADA ivame ukutholakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala.

Izinkinga ezibangelwa ukumelana ne-insulin

Lokhu futhi kuyimbangela enkulu yesifo sikashukela. Ukumelana ne-insulin kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana ethu emisipha, amafutha, kanye nesibindi engasabeli kahle ku-insulin. Kufana nokuthi isihluthulelo esikhiyeni somnyango asisebenzi. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezifana nalezi:

• I-Prediabetes: Lesi yisimo lapho amazinga kashukela egazini ephakeme kunokuvamile, kodwa engekho phezulu ngokwanele ukuthi angabizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ukumelana ne-insulin yimbangela eyinhloko.
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: Lesi simo senzeka lapho ukumelana ne-insulin kukhula kuze kube yilapho i-pancreas ingakwazi ukuyilawula, okubangela amazinga kashukela egazini akhuphuke.
• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa:Lesi yisimo esingaba khona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-hormone akhishwa yi-placenta abangela ukumelana ne-insulin. Uma i-pancreas ingakwazi ukunqoba lokhu kumelana, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa siyakhula. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuthuthuka ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela olubizwa ngokuthi i-Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) . Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-monogenic diabetes . Kubangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi kuthinta indlela umzimba owenza futhi usebenzise ngayo i-insulin.

Isimo esibangelwa yi-insulin eningi kakhulu

Isimila esingavamile kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-insulinoma singabangela ukuthi i-pancreas ikhiqize i-insulin eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangela ushukela wegazi ophansi njalo, ngezinye izikhathi onzima. Ezimweni eziningi, la ma-insulinoma angelapheka ngokuhlinzwa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-insulin ezikhona zesifo sikashukela?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-insulin ezitholakalayo zokwelapha isifo sikashukela. Iningi liza ngesimo somjovo - kungaba ngenaliti, ipeni noma iphampu. Kukhona ne-insulin ephefumulayo. Uma unesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlobo kanye nomthamo ofanele wena. Umthamo ungalungiswa njengoba kudingeka.

Izinhlobo ze-insulin zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngokuya ngokuthi zisebenza ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani emzimbeni .

• I-insulin esebenza ngokushesha: Lolu hlobo lwe-insulin luqala ukusebenza zingakapheli imizuzu emi-5-20 futhi luhlala cishe amahora ama-3-5. Lusebenza kangcono ihora elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngemva kokujova. I-insulin glulisine ingenye yalezi zinhlobo. I-insulin ehogelwayo nayo iwela kulesi sigaba. Lezi zivame ukuthathwa ngaphambi kokudla.
• I-insulin ejwayelekile noma i-insulin esebenza isikhathi esifushane: Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Novolin R® kanye ne-Humulin R® . Ziqala ukusebenza zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30-45 ngemva kokujova futhi zihlala cishe amahora ama-5-8. Zifinyelela esicongweni emahoreni ama-2-4 ngemva kokujova.
• I-insulin esebenza kahle: Lolu hlobo luthatha cishe amahora amabili ukuqala ukusebenza. Lusebenza kahle phakathi kwamahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-12 ngemva kokujova. Luhlala cishe amahora angu-14-24. I-Isophane insulin (NPH) ingenye yalezi zinhlobo.
• I-insulin ehlala isikhathi eside: Lolu hlobo lwe-insulin luthatha cishe ihora ukufinyelela egazini bese luqala ukusebenza. Lusebenza kahle phakathi kwamahora ama-3 kuya kwangu-14 ngemva kokujova. Luhlala cishe usuku. I-insulin glargine iyisibonelo salolu hlobo.
• I-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu: Lolu hlobo lwe-insulin luthatha cishe amahora ayisithupha ukufinyelela egazini futhi luhlala lusebenza ezingeni elifanayo amahora amaningana (okusho ukuthi alufiki phezulu ngasikhathi sinye). Luhlala cishe izinsuku ezimbili. I-insulin degludec ingenye yalezi zinhlobo.

Okubalulekile: Landela njalo imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yohlobo, umthamo, kanye nendlela ye-insulin oyibekelwe wena. Ungalokothi ushintshe umthamo wakho we-insulin ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa nge-insulin?

Inkinga evame kakhulu yokwelashwa nge-insulin amazinga kashukela aphansi egazini (i-hypoglycemia) ebangelwa ukuthatha i-insulin eningi kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuneminye imiphumela emibi engase ivele kaningi:

• Ukusabela kwesikhumba ezindaweni zokujova i-insulin: Uma i-insulin ijovwa ngokuphindaphindiwe endaweni efanayo, amafutha anganqwabelana ngaphansi kwesikhumba, akhe amaqhubu. Noma, amafutha angaqhekeka abe amaqhubu esikhumbeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-localized lipodystrophy . Lokhu kunganciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-insulin. Yingakho kubalulekile ukushintshanisa izindawo zokujova i-insulin njalo.
• Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba ne-insulin: Abanye abantu bangaba nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba kwezinye izinhlobo ze-insulin. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu, ukusha, bese kuba nokushintsha kombala wesikhumba, ukulunywa, nokuvuvukala endaweni yomjovo amahora ambalwa.
• Ama-antibodies e-insulin: Akuvamile kakhulu, ngoba i-insulin enikezwa ngaphandle ihlukile kancane kune-insulin yemvelo ekhiqizwa emzimbeni, umzimba wethu ungenza ama-antibodies ngokumelene nayo. Lawa ma-antibodies angavimbela i-insulin enikezwa ngaphandle ukuthi isebenze kahle. Kulesi simo, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe imithamo emikhulu kakhulu ye-insulin.

Yiziphi izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokufaka i-insulin?

Ungajova i-insulin ezindaweni eziningana emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuvamile, izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokujova i-insulin yizindawo lapho unamafutha khona (izicubu zamafutha). Lezi yizi:

• Indawo yesisu sakho - kodwa okungenani amasentimitha angu-5 ukusuka enkabeni yakho.
• Ingaphambili noma izinhlangothi zamathanga akho.
• Ingemuva kwezingalo zakho ezingaphezulu.
• Ingxenye ephezulu yezinqe zakho.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kufanele ushintshe izindawo lapho ufaka khona i-insulin ukuze ugweme izinkinga zesikhumba. Uma ufaka i-insulin endaweni eyodwa namuhla, yifake kwenye indawo ngosuku olulandelayo. Ungabuza udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalokhu.

Ingabe ikhona into efana nezinga elijwayelekile le-insulin?

Eqinisweni, akukho "okuvamile" kwamazinga e-insulin. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wonke umuntu uhlukile, futhi izidingo zakho ze-insulin zingahluka kakhulu kusukela ngehora kuya ehoreni phakathi nosuku. Kunezici eziningana ezingathinta amazinga akho e-insulin:

• Uhlobo kanye nenani lokudla okudlayo (ikakhulukazi ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate).
• Udla nini nokuthi udla kangaki .
• Izinga lakho lomsebenzi kanye nohlobo lokuzivocavoca olwenzayo (isibonelo, i-cardio noma ukuphakamisa izinsimbi).
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyagula noma ucindezelekile .
• Uvukile noma ulele?
• Ezinye izinhlobo zama-hormone.
• Eminye imithi, njenge -corticosteroids .

Futhi, akukho ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile okuhlola amazinga akho e-insulin kuphela. Ngokuvamile, amazinga kashukela egazini ayahlolwa.

Ingabe abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 basadinga i-insulin?

Akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, kodwa abanye abantu, badinga i-insulin ukuze baphathe lesi sifo kahle.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Isibonelo, amaphilisi omlomo kanye nemijovo ye-GLP-1 agonist . Le mithi isebenza ukulwa nokumelana ne-insulin ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, uma ukumelana ne-insulin kukhulu, le mithi yodwa ingase inganeli ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ephilile. Yilapho-ke i-insulin idingeka khona.

Umuntu onesifo sikashukela angaphila isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kwe-insulin?

Umuntu onesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin udinga i-insulin yangaphandle ukuze aphile. Ngaphandle kwayo, kungavela inkinga esongela ukuphila ebizwa ngokuthi i-Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) .

I-DKA iyinkinga ephuthumayo nenzima. Ingakhula zingakapheli amahora angama-24. Ingakhula ngokushesha nakakhulu uma uhlanza. Kubalulekile ukubiza udokotela noma ukuya esibhedlela ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu ze-DKA. Uma ingelashwa, i-DKA ingaba yingozi.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi i-insulin iyi-hormone ebalulekile esiza imizimba yethu ukuthi ihlale iphilile futhi isebenze kahle.

• I-insulin iyi-hormone yemvelo ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas yethu. Isiza ekuthutheni ushukela (i-glucose) egazini uye emangqamuzaneni futhi idale amandla.
• Uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele noma ukuyisebenzisa kahle, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze i-insulin yangaphandle njengokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela.
• Uma unikezwe i-insulin, yisebenzise njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile.Landela umthamo, isikhathi, kanye nendawo yomjovo ngqo.
• Uma uzwa izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia (isib. ukujuluka, ukuthuthumela, ukuquleka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo), phuza ushukela ngokushesha.
• Uma unezimpawu ze-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (i-DKA) (isib. ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, iphunga lokuphefumula elinjengezithelo) , funa iseluleko sikadokotela ngokushesha.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela impilo yakho. Uma unemibuzo mayelana ne-insulin noma isifo sikashukela, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

I - insulini, isifo sikashukela, ushukela egazini, ama-pancreas, ama-hormone, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, izinhlobo ze-insulini