Ake sifunde ngemithambo yenhliziyo ephakela inhliziyo yakho.

Inhliziyo yakho iyisitho esimangalisayo, akunjalo? Isebenza imini nobusuku, ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Ngakho-ke le nhliziyo idinga amandla, okusho igazi elihlanzekile, ukuze isebenze. Lowo msebenzi obalulekile wenziwa uhlelo olukhethekile lwemithambo olubizwa ngokuthi imithambo yenhliziyo. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.

Ziyini lezi mithambo yenhliziyo?

Kalula nje, imithambo yenhliziyo iyimithambo yegazi eyinhloko enikeza inhliziyo yakho umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba. Ifana 'nemigqa yokuhlinzeka' yenhliziyo. Yiyo evumela inhliziyo ukuthi ishaye njalo futhi ipompe igazi emzimbeni wonke. Unemithambo emibili eyinhloko yenhliziyo: i-Right Coronary Artery (RCA) kanye ne-Left Main Coronary Artery (LMCA). Ngayinye yalezi mithambo ikhula ibe amagatsha amancane angena ngokujulile emisipheni yenhliziyo.

Lokhu kuyisiza kanjani inhliziyo? (Umsebenzi)

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemithambo yenhliziyo namagatsha ayo ukunikeza igazi enhliziyweni yakho. Cabanga ngakho, imisipha yenhliziyo yakho nayo idinga amandla ukuze isebenze. Lawo mandla avela emoyeni nakwezakhamzimba egazini. Ngakho-ke kungenxa yegazi elivela kule mithambo ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo ikwazi ukufinyela kahle futhi ipompe igazi emzimbeni wonke. Isebenza sengathi ihlinzeka ngophethiloli enjinini yenhliziyo. Uyaqonda?

Ikuphi le mithambo yenhliziyo? (Indawo)

Imithambo yakho yenhliziyo itholakala ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Iqala emthanjeni oyinhloko emzimbeni wakho, i-aorta. Ukuze kube sobala, ihlukana kusukela empandeni ye-aorta, ingxenye yokuqala ye-aorta ephuma kwi-ventricle yesobunxele (ingxenye yenhliziyo eqala ukupompa igazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke). Lawa amagatsha okuqala ahlukana kusukela ku-aorta yakho.

Iyini isakhiwo semithambo yenhliziyo?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kunemithambo emibili emikhulu yenhliziyo. Ngayinye inamagatsha amaningana. Ake sibone ukuthi lokho kusebenza kanjani:

• I-Right Coronary Artery (RCA): Lokhu kunikeza igazi ku-atrium efanele kanye ne-ventricle efanele yenhliziyo yakho. Yilapho igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo liqoqana khona ngaphambi kokuba lithunyelwe emaphashini. Kuphinde kunikeze igazi ku-node ye-sinoatrial (SA) kanye ne-node ye-atrioventricular (AV), izikhungo ezimbili ezibalulekile ezilawula isigqi senhliziyo. Lawa ma-node amabili athumela izimpawu zikagesi enhliziyweni, etshela imisipha yenhliziyo ukuthi kufanele inciphe nini. I-RCA iphinde inikeze igazi odongeni oluhlukanisa amakamelo amabili aphansi enhliziyo, i-interventricular septum, emagatsheni ayo.

• Umthambo Omkhulu Wenhliziyo Ongakwesobunxele (LMCA):Lokhu kunikeza igazi ku-atrium yangakwesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesobunxele yenhliziyo yakho. Yilapho igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela emaphashini liqoqana khona ngaphambi kokuba liphampelwe yinhliziyo liye kuwo wonke umzimba. Amagatsha alo anikeza igazi kuzingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezisele ze-septum yangaphakathi kwe-ventricular.

Ingabe imithambo yenhliziyo yawo wonke umuntu iyafana? (Izinguquko)

Lokhu futhi kuyiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi indlela amagatsha esistimu yemithambo yenhliziyo yomuntu ngamunye angahluka ngayo kancane. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuvamile. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Nakuba ngokuvamile kukhona ungqimba lwamafutha oluzungeze imithambo yenhliziyo, kwabanye abantu le mithambo itholakala ngaphakathi kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
• Cishe u-10% wabantu bane-SA node yabo kanye ne-AV node enikezwa yi-left main coronary artery (LMCA) esikhundleni se-right main coronary artery (RCA).
• Ngezinye izikhathi, umthambo owodwa wenhliziyo uqala e-aorta, bese uhlukana ube amagatsha angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele.

Iningi lalezi zinguquko aliyona ingozi futhi alibangeli izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-1% wabantu bomhlaba), lokhu kuphazamiseka kwemithambo yenhliziyo kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma unezimpawu zenhliziyo.

Ingakanani le ndlela? (Usayizi)

Imithambo emikhulu yenhliziyo ivame ukuba phakathi kwamamilimitha angu-3 no-4 ububanzi. Lokho kuncane kancane kunobubanzi botshani bokuphuza. Kodwa ubukhulu bale mithambo bungahluka kancane kuye ngobulili bakho, isisindo somzimba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nohlanga.

Lo mthambo wenziwe ngani? (Ukwakheka kwawo)

Izindonga zayo yonke imithambo yegazi, okuhlanganisa nemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo, zakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Lezi zingqimba zibekwe phezu komunye nomunye njengezikhumba zika-anyanisi.

• I-Tunica intima: Lena ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu. Luthintana negazi lakho futhi lusize ukuthi ligeleze kahle emithanjeni ngaphandle kwezithiyo.
• Imidiya: Lolu ungqimba oluphakathi. Luguquguquka kakhulu, okusho ukuthi lunwebeka njengebhande lerabha. Ngakho-ke, lolu ngqimba lungafinyela futhi lunwebeke ukuze kugcinwe umfutho wegazi ofanele ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
• I-Adventitia: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu. Luqukethe imithambo yegazi emincane. Ithatha umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba egazini lakho bese iziyisa emangqamuzaneni enhliziyo, okuhlanganisa namangqamuzana asezindongeni zemithambo yegazi.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta imithambo yenhliziyo? (Izimo)

Ngokudabukisayo, le mithambo yenhliziyo eyigugu nayo ingaba nesifo. Isimo esivame kakhulu nesivame kakhulu yisifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD) .

Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(atherosclerosis)`. Kalula nje, kusho ukuthi izinto ezifana namafutha kanye ne-cholesterol zifakwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi (odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi `(i-plaque)`), njengokungcola okubhajwa epayipini, okuvimba indlela yokugeleza kwegazi. Lapho imithambo yegazi ivinjiwe kanje, inhliziyo ayitholi igazi elanele. Kungaholela ngisho nasekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.

Cabanga ngakho, kufana namapayipi amanzi endlini yakho avinjelwa ukungcola nokungcola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ngisho noma evinjelwa kancane ekuqaleni, akuyona into enkulu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, angavinjelwa kakhulu.

I-Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) yisimo lapho ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni ngemithambo yenhliziyo kuphazamiseka ngokuzumayo . Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuwuhlobo lwe-ACS. Njenge-CAD, lesi simo sivame ukubangelwa yi-atherosclerosis.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izimo eziningana ezingavamile ezithinta imithambo yenhliziyo:

• Ama-Aneurysms: Ubuthakathaka bodonga lomthambo wegazi oluvuvukala ngaphandle njengebhaluni. Lokhu kungaqhuma futhi.
• Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi ezalwa nayo: Abanye abantu bangase bazalwe benezinguquko ezithile emithanjeni yabo yenhliziyo.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemithambo yenhliziyo: Ukuqina okungazelelwe kwemisipha emithanjeni. Lapho lo msipha uqina, noma ukuqaqamba, imithambo yenhliziyo iyavaleka okwesikhashana. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba, okubizwa ngokuthi i-Prinzmetal angina.

Sizigcina kanjani lezi mithambo eyigugu ziphilile? (Ukuvimbela/Imikhuba Enempilo)

Into engcono kakhulu ukuvimbela lezi zifo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Ungenza lezi zinto ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo iphilile. Lezi akuzona izinto ezinzima, futhi zingenziwa ngokucabanga okuncane.

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo okune-sodium ephansi (usawoti), i-cholesterol, namafutha agcwele (njengamafutha ezilwane). Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kanye nokudla okucebile nge-fiber.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo . Kuhle ukwenza into efana nokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese wenza okudingekayo.
• Gwema ngokuphelele ukubhema nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi (njenge-chewing gum). Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala, noma okungcono nakakhulu, yeka ngokuphelele.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela? (Ufuna nini usizo)

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kungaba uphawu lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngakho shayela u-911 noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi esinjengalesi.

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki:Kungase kuzwakale njengokucindezelwa, ukuncishiswa, noma ukusinda phakathi kwesifuba. Lobuhlungu bungase buhlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa futhi bungase bubuye budlule.
• Ukujuluka okubandayo.
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki emhlathini, entanyeni, emhlane, engalweni (ikakhulukazi engalweni yesobunxele), noma endaweni yamahlombe.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, uzizwa sengathi uyacinana.
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka, ubuthakathaka, noma udidekile.
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza.

Lezi zimpawu azenzeki ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi abanye abantu bangase babe nenye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu. Lezi zimpawu zingahluka, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane kanye nabanesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, uma unokungabaza, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sikhulume kakhulu namuhla. Imithambo yakho yenhliziyo iyimithambo yegazi ebaluleke kakhulu ethwala igazi liye enhliziyweni yakho, enikeza umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba emisipheni yenhliziyo yakho futhi isize ukuthi ipompe igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Uma le mithambo ivalekile, okuyisimo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD), inhliziyo yakho ayikwazi ukuthola igazi elanele. Lokho kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, okusongela impilo.

Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuphila impilo enempilo, okungukuthi, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, nokugwema ukubhema, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ye-CAD kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngakho-ke nakekela inhliziyo yakho bese ulandela lawa macebiso. Khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uqaphe impilo yenhliziyo yakho. Khona-ke ungaphila impilo ende nejabulisayo nenhliziyo enempilo.

Inhliziyo , umthambo wenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, isifo senhliziyo, impilo, i-atherosclerosis