Ake sifunde nge-'Descending Aorta' emzimbeni wakho.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi igazi lihamba kanjani emizimbeni yethu? Kukhona umthambo wegazi oyinhloko othwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni yethu liye emzimbeni wethu wonke. Libizwa ngokuthi i-aorta. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale aorta, i-aorta eyehlayo. Ifana nombhobho wamanzi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu!

Ingabe lokhu 'ukwehla kwe-aorta' kukodwa noma okubili?

Empeleni, le 'aorta eyehlayo' iwumthambo wegazi owodwa omude. Kodwa, njengoba nje igama lomgwaqo ofanayo lishintsha ukusuka edolobheni kuya kwelinye, lo mthambo wegazi nawo ubizwa ngamagama ahlukene njengoba udlula ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Cabanga nje, lapho lo mthambo wegazi wehla esifubeni sakho, siwubiza ngokuthi ' i-Aorta ye-Treasing Thoracic '. Igama elithi 'Thoracic' liyigama odokotela abalisebenzisa ezintweni ezihlobene nesifuba. Khona-ke, lapho lo mthambo wegazi udlula ku-diaphragm yakho, igama lawo liyashintsha futhi. Ingxenye engezansi kwe-diaphragm ibizwa ngokuthi ' i-Aorta ye-Abdominal eyehlayo '. Lona osuka phezulu esiswini sakho bese uphela eduze kwenkaba yakho.

Ngakho-ke ingabe i-'Thoracic Aorta' kanye ne-'Descending Aorta' ziyinto efanayo?

Cha, azifani. Uma sithi 'i-thoracic aorta', sisho yonke ingxenye ye-aorta edlula esifubeni sakho. Inezingxenye eziningana:

• Impande ye-aorta: Lena yingxenye exhunywe nenhliziyo.
• Ukukhuphuka kwe -aorta : Lena yingxenye ekhuphuka isuka enhliziyweni.
• I-Aortic arch: Lena yingxenye enikeza i-aorta isimo sayo esigobile, njengenduku.
• I-aorta yesifuba eyehlayo: Lena yingxenye 'ye-aorta eyehlayo' esikhuluma ngayo engaphakathi kwesifuba.

Khona-ke, 'i-aorta ehlayo' yingxenye eyehlela phansi ngemva kwe-aorta arch. Idlula esifubeni (i-aorta yesifuba eyehlayo) kanye nesisu (i-aorta yesisu eyehlayo). Kalula nje, 'i-aorta yesifuba' kanye 'ne-aorta ehlayo' azifani. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nengxenye 'ye-aorta ehlayo' ngaphakathi 'kwe-aorta yesifuba'. Uyaqonda?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-'Ascending Aorta' kanye ne-'Descending Aorta'?

Lona futhi ulula kakhulu. 'I-Ascending Aorta' yakho yingxenye egoba phezulu isuka enhliziyweni yakho iye ku-aortic arch. Isesifubeni sakho kuphela. Kodwa-ke, 'i-Descending Aorta' iqala ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-aortic arch, igoba phansi. Iqala esifubeni sakho iye esiswini sakho.

Uyini umsebenzi walo 'mthambo wegazi owehlayo'? Kungani ubaluleke kangaka?

Empeleni, i-'Descending Aorta' iwumthambo wegazi ophethe kakhulu ukuhlinzeka imizimba yethu ngegazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo. Njengomgwaqo omkhulu, lo umthambo oyinhloko othwala igazi esifubeni sakho nasesiswini. Kulapho imithambo eminingi emincane ihlukana khona, ihlinzeka ngegazi ezithweni nasezicutshini zakho ezahlukene. Bheka ukuthi zingaki izinto le 'descending aorta' namagatsha ayo ahlinzeka ngazo igazi:

• Ezindongeni zesifuba sakho
• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla (okungukuthi, umphimbo wakho, isisu , amathumbu amancane namakhulu)
• Ngezinso
• Ngemilenze
• Ama-lymph node
• Ezithweni zokuzala (okungukuthi, amasende kwabesilisa kanye nama-ovari kwabesifazane)
• Kuhlelo lokuphefumula
• Umhlonzo
• Kuhlelo lomchamo

Cabanga ukuthi zingaki izinto ezingathinteka ukube lo mthambo wegazi owodwa awusebenzi kahle!

Ikuphi ngempela le 'mthambo omkhulu owehlayo'?

'I-aorta yakho eyehlayo' iqala esifubeni sakho, lapho i-aortic arch iphela khona. Ukuze kube sobala, ingemuva nje lapho umthambo wakho wesobunxele we-subclavian uhlukana khona ne-aorta. Lokhu kusezingeni le-vertebra yakho yesine yesifuba (ithambo emgogodleni wakho), phakathi komgogodla wakho. Ukusuka lapho, yehla ngesifuba sakho, bese idlula nge-diaphragm yakho, bese ingena esiswini sakho. Le 'aorta eyehlayo' iphela eduze kwenkinobho yesisu sakho. Lapho, ihlukana ibe yimithambo emibili, imithambo evamile ye-iliac yesokudla nesobunxele. Ososayensi babiza lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngokuthi i-aortic bifurcation . Lokho kungenxa yokuthi i-aorta ihlukana ibe yimizila emibili emisha yokuhamba kwegazi. Le mithambo ye-iliac ibe isihlukana ibe amanye amagatsha ahlinzeka ngegazi emilenzeni nasezinyaweni zakho. Lokhu kuhlukana kufana ne-Y ebheke phansi.

Yimaphi amagatsha ahluma 'emthanjeni omkhulu owehlayo'?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-descending aorta inamagatsha amaningi athwala igazi aye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Ifana nesiqu somuthi esinamagatsha amancane. Amanye amagatsha amakhulu ahluma kusuka ku-descending thoracic aorta yile:

• Imithambo ye-bronchial
• Imithambo ye-Esophageal
• Imithambo ye-mediastinal
• Imithambo ye-Pericardial
• Imithambo ye-phrenic ephezulu

Kukhona futhi amagatsha amakhulu ahluma esuka ku-aorta yesisu eyehlayo. Isibonelo:

• Imithambo ye-Celiac trunk
• Imithambo ye-gonadal
• Imithambo ye-Iliac (lena yiyo yokugcina ehlukanayo)
• Imithambo ye-phrenic ephansi
• Imithambo yezinso yesobunxele nesokudla (leyo eya ezinso)
• Imithambo ye-Lumbar

Akudingeki ukhumbule wonke la magama. Into ebalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngayinye yale mithambo emincane iyasiza ekondleni izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wethu.

Ibukeka kanjani le 'aorta eyehlayo'? Ingakanani?

I-aorta yonke ifana nenduku enesibambo esigobile. I-aorta ekhuphukayo kanye ne-aorta arch zakha ingxenye efana nesibambo senduku. I-aorta ehlayo yingxenye yokuqala ngemva kwe-arch, eya phansi ngqo. Ngokuphathelene nosayizi wayo, ububanzi (okungukuthi, ububanzi besigaba esiphambeneyo) se-aorta bungahluka kuye ngobudala bakho, indawo yomzimba, kanye nobulili. Kodwa nansi amanani ajwayelekile abacwaningi abavumelana ngawo:

• Usayizi ojwayelekile we-thoracic descending aorta ungaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-1.6 ngemitha yesikwele yendawo yomzimba.
• Usayizi ojwayelekile we-aorta yesisu esehlayo: ngaphansi kwamasentimitha ama-3 (ngokuvamile cishe amasentimitha ama-2).

Empeleni lena yi-artery enkulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni wethu!

Zakhiwa kanjani izindonga 'ze-aorta eyehlayo'?

Uma ubheka udonga lwale aorta, lunezingqimba ezintathu zezicubu. Lufana nodonga lwepayipi, kodwa luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

• I-Tunica intima: Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu. Igazi lakho ligeleza kulo. Lolu ungqimba lulawula umfutho wegazi , luvimbela igazi ukuthi lingajiyi, futhi luvimbela ubuthi ukuthi bungangeni egazini.
• Imidiya: Lolu ungqimba oluphakathi. Luqukethe imisipha emincane esiza igazi ukuthi lihambe liye ohlangothini olulodwa ngokufinyela. Luqukethe nemicu enwebekayo. Lokhu kungaba buthaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• I-Adventitia: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu. Lunikeza i-aorta amandla nesakhiwo. Luphinde luxhunywe nezinzwa nezicubu ezizungezile.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta le 'aorta eyehlayo'?

Ngeshwa, ngisho nomthambo wegazi obaluleke kangaka ungadala izifo ezahlukahlukene. Okuvame kakhulu kulezi zimo yi -aortic aneurysms . I-aneurysm yindawo ebuthakathaka odongeni lomthambo, okubangela ukuthi umthambo uqhume futhi uqhume. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-aneurysms ezingathinta i-aorta eyehlayo:

Izinhlobo ze-Aortic Aneurysms

• I-Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA): Lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni engenhla ye-aorta edlula esifubeni. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ukulimala kwesifuba. Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zezicubu ezixhumeneyo, njenge-Marfan syndrome, basengozini enkulu yokuthola lokhu.
• I-Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-aortic aneurysm. Luvela engxenyeni ye-aorta edlula esiswini. (AAA) ivame ukuthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ikhule kwabesilisa abanomlando wokusebenzisa ugwayi. I-atherosclerosis, noma ukunqwabelana kwamafutha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, yimbangela eyinhloko.
• I-Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA): Lokhu kuyi-aneurysm esukela esifubeni iye esiswini.

Okubalulekile: Uma une-aneurysm ku-aorta ehlayo, udokotela wakho uzoyiqapha isikhathi eside. Uma iba nkulu kakhulu, ungadinga ukwelashwa ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Isibonelo:

Izimo eziyingozi ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-aneurysms

• Ukuqhuma kwe-Aneurysm: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kwakheka imbobo odongeni (zonke izingqimba ezintathu) ze-aorta. Lo mbobo ungabangela ukopha ngokweqile emzimbeni, okungaba yingozi empilweni ngokushesha.
• Uhlobo lwe-B aorta dissection: Lokhu kuwukudabuka kwengqimba yangaphakathi 'ye-aorta eyehlayo'. Igazi libe seligcwalisa isikhala esiphakathi kwengqimba yangaphakathi nephakathi. Lokhu kungabangela nokuthi umthambo uqhume futhi kuvimbele ukugeleza kwegazi kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Khumbula, ukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm noma ukuqhekeka kwe-aorta kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha!

Ezinye izimo ezingaba khona

Ngaphezu kwalezi zi-aneurysms, kunezinye izimo ezingathinta 'i-aorta eyehlayo':

• I-atherosclerosis ye-aorta: Ukuqongelela kwamafutha kuyo yonke i-aorta.
• Isifo sokuvaleka kwe-Aortoiliac: Ama-fat deposits avimba ingxenye engezansi ye-aorta (eduze kwe-aortic bifurcation) kanye nemithambo ye-iliac.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zesifo 'sokwehla kwe-aorta'?

Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu . Ukwehla kwesifo se-Aortic kungase kungabonakali zimpawu . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ungaqapheli ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle kuze kube yilapho uba nesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.Yingakho odokotela bencoma ukuhlolwa njalo. Yilapho ungabona khona izimpawu zokuqala zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngisho noma une-aneurysm ku-aorta yakho ehlayo, ungase ungabi nazimpawu kuze kube yilapho isizoqhuma. Nazi ezinye izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezingase zivele ngaphambi kokuba iqhume:

• Ukuzizwa usuthi yize ungakadli kakhulu.
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli, obungapheli emhlane, ezinqeni, emisipheni, emlenzeni, noma esiswini.
• Ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo esiswini.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula kanzima.

Qaphela! Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo!

Ukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-aorta kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo . Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo , shayela u-1990 (i-Suwaseriya Ambulance Service yaseSri Lanka) ngokushesha:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu obungazelelwe.
• Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obubukhali, obunamandla esifubeni noma emhlane ongaphezulu. Bungazwakala sengathi budabukile noma bugwaza.
• Ukujuluka okubandayo, okubandayo.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ukuphelelwa yithemba.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo siyanda.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma.
• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukufiphala kombono.
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba.

Ungachithi umzuzwana ngesikhathi esinje!

Ungazithola kanjani izifo ze-'descendeng aorta'?

Odokotela baxilonga izifo ze-aorta ehlayo ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukene zezithombe. Lezi izindlela ezithatha izithombe zengaphakathi lomzimba. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• I-ultrasound yesisu
• I-CT Angiography (i-computed tomography angiography - i-CTA)
• I-MRI (Umfanekiso we-Magnetic resonance - i-MRI)
• I-echocardiogram ye-Transesophageal

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuhlolwa okufanele kakhulu kuwe.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lezi zimo?

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha isimo sakho futhi ancome ukwelashwa uma kudingeka. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-aneurysm ku-aorta ehlayo zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Aneurysm: Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokususa noma ukulungisa ingxenye evuvukele ye-aneurysm.
• Ukulungiswa kwe-Endovascular aneurysm (EVAR):Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka idivayisi efana ne-stent emthanjeni ngethubhu elincane (i-catheter) ngaphandle kokwenza ukusika okukhulu, nokuqinisa indawo evuvukele. Lena indlela entsha kakhulu.
• Imithi yokulawula ukwanda kwe-aneurysm: Lokhu kungafaka phakathi imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi noma i-cholesterol.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha nokuhlolwa ngesikhathi.

Ngingayigcina kanjani 'i-aorta yami eyehlayo' iphilile?

Yebo, lo ngumbuzo omuhle kakhulu. Kunezinto ongazenza ukuvimbela noma ukubambezela ukuqala kwesifo se-aorta. Isihluthulelo ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo. Nazi ezinye zezeluleko zokwenza kanjalo:

• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Amadoda akufanele aphuze amayunithi amabili otshwala ngosuku. Abesifazane akufanele baphuze amayunithi amabili otshwala ngosuku.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo okune-sodium eningi (usawoti), i-cholesterol, namafutha agcwele.
• Zivocavoce njalo: Zibekele okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca okunamandla aphakathi ngesonto (isib. ukuhamba ngokushesha, ukugibela ibhayisikili).
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Izinto ezifana ne-yoga nokuzindla zingasiza.
• Yeka ukubhema nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele! Lokhu kuyinto okumele uyenze.

I-aorta yakho ehlayo iyimthambo ebaluleke kakhulu esiza ukuthwala igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza konke ongakwenza ukuze uyigcine iphilile. Ukudla okuhle, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nokugwema ugwayi kungasiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni ze-aorta. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuhlolwa udokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kukho konke lokhu?

Kulungile, ukukubeka kalula, amaphuzu ayinhloko okudingeka uwakhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho yile:

• I-'Descending Aorta' iyingxenye ebalulekile yomthambo omkhulu emzimbeni, ethwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye esifubeni sakho nasesiswini.
• Yilokhu okunikeza igazi ezithweni eziningi esifubeni sakho, esiswini nasemilenzeni.
• Lo mthambo ungakha izifo ezifana ne-aneurysm kanye ne-atherosclerosis.
• Ngokuvamile, lezi zifo azibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo ngudokotela.
• Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba noma besisu obungazelelwe, obunzima, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuquleka, kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) kusiza kakhulu ekugcineni lo mthambo uphilile.

Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukunakekela kancane lo 'mgwaqo omkhulu' emzimbeni wakho, kulungile?

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I-Aorta, I-Aorta Eyehlayo, Isifo Senhliziyo, Isifo Semithambo, I-Aneurysm, Ukujikeleza Kwegazi