Iqhawe elincane elibalulekile empilweni yethu: Konke mayelana neMedulla Oblongata!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ezinye zezinto emizimbeni yethu - ukuphefumula, ukushaya izinhliziyo zethu, ukugwinya ukudla - zenzeka kanjani ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle komzamo, ngaphandle kokuthi sicabange ngakho? Umuntu omncane kodwa onamandla kakhulu ophethe imisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu ubizwa ngokuthi iMedulla Oblongata. Ingabe singakhuluma ngale ngxenye emangalisayo namuhla?

Iyini i-Medulla Oblongata? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-medulla oblongata yakho iyingxenye yesimiso sakho sobuchopho. Cabanga ngale ndlela, kusukela ebuchosheni bethu kuya emgogodleni wethu, sinentambo yomgogodla, efana nebhuloho elihlanganisa lokhu okubili. Yingakho i-medulla oblongata iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Ifana nendawo enkulu lapho imigwaqo emikhulu ihlangana khona! Ilawula imisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.

Yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-medulla oblongata? Eminye yemisebenzi yayo...

I-medulla oblongata (ake siyibize ngokuthi "i-medulla") inomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Akukhona nje ngenxa yendawo yayo, kodwa ngenxa yezinto ezilawulayo. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezenzayo:

• Ilawula inhliziyo , ukujikeleza kwegazi , kanye nokuphefumula : Yebo, i-medulla yilapho uhlelo lwethu lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula lusebenzisana khona ukulawula izinto ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, indlela ophefumula ngayo, kanye nomfutho wegazi . Cabanga nje, ngaphandle kwayo, besingeke sikwazi ngisho nokuphefumula kahle!
• Ezinye izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo ziyaphathwa: Lezi yizinto ezenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuthi ucabange ngazo. Isibonelo, izinto ezinjengokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, ukugwinya ukudla, ukuhlanza , nokugcina ibhalansi . Uma sidla, asicabangi ukuthi, "Ngidinga ukugwinya manje," akunjalo? Kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Yilokhu okusisiza ukwenza lokho.
• Ukuxhumana kwemizwa: Iningi lemizwa emikhulu emzimbeni wethu lixhumana nomgogodla wethu. Ukusuka lapho, imiyalezo ithunyelwa ebuchosheni futhi isuka lapho ngale mizwa. Ngakho-ke, yonke leyo miyalezo kufanele idlule ku-medulla. Imizwa emine kweyishumi nambili ye-cranial, exhumanisa izindawo ezifana nentamo yakho, umphimbo , nolimi ngqo ebuchosheni, idlula kule medulla.
• Iphuzu eliphambeneyo:Nansi into emangalisayo ngempela! Kukhona indawo ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi "amaPiramidi" ku-medulla lapho izinzwa eziningi ezihilelekile ekunyakazeni kwemizimba yethu ziwela khona. Lokho kweqa yingakho uhlangothi olulodwa lobuchopho bakho luvame ukulawula olunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho. Cabanga, uma ufuna ukuhambisa isandla sakho sokunene, umyalo uvela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lobuchopho bakho. Yilokho okwenzekayo ngenxa yalokhu kweqa.

Okubalulekile: I-medulla iyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yethu futhi yenza umsebenzi obucayi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinakekela.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-medulla kanye ne-cranial nerves?

Sesivele sishilo ukuthi kukhona uhlobo lwemizwa olubizwa ngokuthi imizwa ye-cranial. Lezi ziza ngambili. Ake sibheke ezinye zemizwa ezidlula ku-medulla:

• I-Cranial Nerve IX (CN IX): Le nerve yesishiyagalolunye ye-cranial ihilelekile emisebenzini eminingi emlonyeni wethu. Ilawula izindlala ezikhiqiza amathe, ukunambitha, kanye nokuthinta ngaphakathi emlonyeni. Iphinde ilawule i-gag reflex, esivimbela ukuthi singabhajwa ngengozi okuthile emphinjeni wethu.
• I-Cranial Nerve X (CN X): Elinye igama lale nzwa yeshumi ye-cranial yi-Vagus nerve. Empeleni lena yinzwa ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ixhunywe kuzo zonke izitho ezinkulu kusukela entanyeni yethu kuya engxenyeni engenhla yekholoni yethu. Ithwala imiyalezo evela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluzimele, esingacabangi ngisho nokucabanga ngalo. Iphatha izinto ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nokunyakaza kwamathumbu. Iphinde ithwale imiyalezo eya elarynx (ibhokisi lezwi) kanye nemisipha esetshenziselwa ukugwinya ukudla.
• I-Cranial Nerve XI (CN XI): I-11th cranial nerve ilawula imisipha entanyeni nasemhlane ongaphezulu. Le misipha iyasiza lapho uphendula ikhanda lakho futhi uphakamisa amahlombe akho.
• I-Cranial Nerve XII (CN XII): I-12th cranial nerve ilawula imisipha oyisebenzisayo ukuze ukhiphe ulimi lwakho. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma nokugwinya kubalulekile.

Uyabona, yeka ukuthi inethiwekhi yemizwa ebaluleke kangakanani esebenza ngale medulla encane!

Ikuphi i-medulla?

I-medulla itholakala phansi kobuchopho bakho. Ngokukhethekile, yilapho intambo yakho yomgogodla ixhumana khona nobuchopho bakho ngembobo ebizwa ngokuthi i-foramen magnum phansi kwekhanda lakho. Ngaphezulu nje kwe-medulla kukhona ama-pons, atholakala ngaphansi kwezakhiwo eziphakathi kobuchopho. Esinye isici esiyingqayizivele se-medulla ukuthi ihlukanisa imizwa elawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha (etholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele) nemizwa elawula imizwa efana nokuthinta, izinga lokushisa, kanye nobuhlungu (etholakala ohlangothini lwesokudla).

Kubukeka kanjani lokhu? Isimo, umbala, usayizi?

• Isimo:I-medulla ivame ukuba sesimweni sepayipi, noma i-funnel. Ingxenye ephezulu, lapho ixhuma khona nama-pons, iyona ebanzi kakhulu.
• Umbala: Lokhu kuvame ukuba beige noma kube mhlophe. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nombala opinki.
• Usayizi: I-medulla ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa incane kakhulu. Ingamasentimitha angu-3 ubude (cishe amasentimitha angu-1.1). Ingxenye ebanzi kakhulu ingamasentimitha angu-2 (cishe amasentimitha angu-0.78).
• Isisindo: Ubuchopho obujwayelekile bomuntu omdala bunesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-1.2 no-1.4 (amakhilogremu angu-2.6 no-3.1). I-medulla ithatha cishe u-0.5% walokhu. Lokho kusho ukuthi inesisindo esiphakathi kwamagremu angu-59 no-72 (ama-ounces angu-2 no-2.5). Incane, kodwa yenza umsebenzi omningi, akunjalo?

Kwenziwe ngani lokhu?

Njengezinye izicubu zobuchopho, i-medulla yakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zobuchopho ezimhlophe nezimpunga kanye namaseli ezinzwa. Izicubu zethu zobuchopho cishe zakhiwe yilokhu:

• Amanzi angu-77%
• Amafutha `(Amafutha)` 11%
• amaprotheni angu-8%
• Ezinye izinto 4%

Yiziphi izifo nezinkinga ezivamile ezithinta i-medulla?

Le ngxenye encane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ingathuthukisa nezifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinkinga. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ama-Aneurysms (imithambo yegazi ebuthaka futhi evuvukele)
• Umdlavuza
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa ukulimala ekhanda, njengokushayisana kwemisipha kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu.
• Ukuhlaselwa yi-stroke noma ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okufushane (i-TIAs) (okubizwa nangokuthi i-mini-stroke)
• Kukhona nezinye izimo eziningana ezingavamile, njenge-Moebius syndrome, i-multiple system atrophy, kanye ne-progressive supranuclear palsy.

Kukhona futhi izimo eziningana ezibangelwa ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi esisesigabeni sobuchopho, ezaziwa ngamagama akhethekile:

• I-Wallenberg syndrome: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-lateral medullary syndrome, lesi simo senzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi ohlangothini lwe-medulla kuphazamiseka, okubangela umonakalo kuleyo ndawo. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sohlangothi oluthinta i-medulla.
• I-Dejerine syndrome: Ebizwa nangokuthi i-medial medullary syndrome, lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-stroke ivimba ukugeleza kwegazi phakathi kwe-medulla, okuthinta amaphiramidi lapho imizwa iwela khona.
• I-Bilateral medial medullary syndrome: Lesi yisimo esingavamile. Sihlanganisa izici ze-Dejerine syndrome kanye ne-Wallenberg syndrome, ezithinta izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba.
• I-Reinhold syndrome:Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-hemidemedullary syndrome. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Kunezimpawu ze-Wallenberg kanye ne-Dejerine syndrome, kodwa i-Wallenberg syndrome ithinta uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela.
• I-Babinski-Nageotte kanye ne-Cestan-Chenais syndrome: Lezi futhi ziyizimo ezingavamile kakhulu. Zibangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kweminye yemiphumela ye-Wallenberg syndrome kanye ne-Reinhold syndrome.

Yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga ku-medulla?

Izimpawu zezimo ezithinta i-medulla zingafana kakhulu nalezo ezibonakala ezinkingeni zezingxenye zomzimba ezixhunywe ezinzwa ezihamba nge-medulla. Kodwa-ke , umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unesifo sohlangothi esithinta i-medulla, uzothola izimpawu ezithile kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho kanti ezinye kolunye. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu:

• Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (isib. ukugoba kobuso, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma, ukulahlekelwa yilungu)
• Ukungakwazi noma ukuntuleka kokuxhumana (izimpawu ze-ataxia) - ukuhamba njengesidakwa, ukungakwazi ukubamba izinto.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuhosha kwezwi (i-Dysphonia)
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa wokushisa noma ubuhlungu engxenyeni yomzimba noma yobuso
• I-Nystagmus (ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungalawulwa)
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukukhubazeka (ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuso noma zomzimba)
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia)
• Izinkinga zokubona

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo ye-medulla?

Kunezivivinyo eziningi ezingasiza ekuxilongeni izimo ezithinta ubuchopho bakho, okuhlanganisa ne-medulla. Ezinye zezivivinyo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (isib., lokho okubheka izinkinga zesimiso somzimba noma izifo zofuzo)
• I-computerized tomography (CT) scan
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG) (ukuqapha umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho)
• I-Electromyogram (EMG) (ebheka umsebenzi wezinzwa emisipheni)
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance (MRI)
• Ukuskena kwe-positron emission tomography (PET)
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla / Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo ze-medulla?

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha izifo ze-medulla ziqondile, ngoba le ngxenye yobuchopho yenza imisebenzi ethile kakhulu. Futhi, ngenxa yendawo ye-medulla, ukuhlinzwa kungaba nzima kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeki, ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokulimala kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho noma umgogodla oseduze.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngigcine i-medulla yami iphilile?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwe-medulla yakho, noma ukugwema izimo eziyithintayo:

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo.Uma untula amavithamini athile, ikakhulukazi i-vitamin B12, ingathinta ubuchopho bakho, okuhlanganisa ne-medulla, futhi ibangele izinkinga ezinkulu.
• Hlala umatasa ngokomzimba futhi ulondoloze isisindo esinempilo. Izinkinga ngohlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi kanye nenhliziyo zingathinta ubuchopho bakho. Isifo sohlangothi singesinye sezibonelo ezinjalo. Isifo sohlangothi sivame ukubangelwa izinkinga zenhliziyo. Ukuhlala umatasa nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kungasiza ekunciphiseni le ngozi.
• Gqoka imishini yokuzivikela uma kudingeka. Ukulimala ekhanda kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu wobuchopho. Kungaba khona ukubhajwa kwemisipha noma ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu. Ukugqoka imishini yokuzivikela (njengesigqoko) ngenkathi usebenza noma udlala kungasiza ekuvikeleni ubuchopho bakho kulezi zinhlobo zokulimala.

Ingabe i-medulla ilawula intukuthelo nokuziphatha okunolaka?

Cha, i-medulla yakho ayilawuli imizwa efana nentukuthelo, intukuthelo, nokuziphatha okunolaka. Leyo mizwa incike kwezinye izindawo ezimbili zobuchopho bakho, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwe-limbic. Indima kuphela ye-medulla ekuhlaselweni ukuphatha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, ukuphefumula, kanye nezinye izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi i-Medulla Oblongata iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi incane kangakanani. Isebenza njengesiteshi sokudluliselana, isiza ukuqondisa imiyalezo yezinzwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Ngaphandle kwayo, ubungeke ukwazi ukwenza into elula njengokusho igama lakho, noma eyinkimbinkimbi njengokubamba nokuphonsa ibhola.

Ukwazi nge-medulla oblongata kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono umzimba wakho. Kuzokusiza futhi ukuthi unakekele kangcono impilo yobuchopho bakho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa. Zama njalo ukuhlala uphilile!

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I-Medulla oblongata, isiqu sobuchopho, uhlelo lwezinzwa, ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, imizwa ye-cranial, isifo sohlangothi