Sizokhuluma ngokuhlolwa kwe-DNA kanye nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo?

Cishe uke wezwa amagama anjengokuthi 'ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA' kanye 'nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo', akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi ku-movie, noma ezindabeni. Ziyini ngempela lezi? Kungani zenziwa? Yini esingayifunda kuzo? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula, namuhla.

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo?

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuhlolwa okubheka izinguquko ku -gene yakho, ama-chromosome , noma amaprotheni . Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA . Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi lakho, isikhumba, izinwele, izicubu, noma, uma ulindele umntwana, uketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze ingane yakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungaqinisekisa noma kunqume ukuthi unesifo sofuzo. Kungakusiza futhi ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi ube nesimo sofuzo esikhathini esizayo, noma ukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi udlulisele isimo sofuzo enganeni yakho.

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kubheka ini?

Kulungile, pho-ke yini ngempela le mihlolo yezakhi zofuzo eyifunayo? Ngokuyinhloko ifuna izinguquko kuzakhi zofuzo zakho, ama-chromosome, kanye namaprotheni. Cabanga nje, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kungakutshela okuningi ngomzimba wakho, ukubukeka kwakho, kanye nezakhi zofuzo ezidala ubuntu bakho.

• Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo esithile noma cha.
• Lokhu kungakutshela nokuthi usengozini enkulu yini yokuthola izifo ezithile.
• Akukhona lokho kuphela, lezi zivivinyo zingahlola nokuthi une -gene eguquliwe ongayidlulisela enganeni yakho.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwe-DNA ezikhona?

Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko.

1. Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo

Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlaziya i-DNA yakho nokubheka izinguquko ezakhiweni zakho zofuzo, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo . Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungabangela noma kwandise ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithile zofuzo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungabheka i-gene eyodwa kuphela, izakhi zofuzo eziningana, noma i-DNA yakho yonke. Ukubheka i-DNA yakho yonke kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo .

2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chromosome

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chromosome ukuhlolwa okubheka ama-chromosome akho, okuyimicu emide ye-DNA. Kubheka izinguquko ngokulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo. Lezi zinguquko zingabangela izimo zofuzo. Isibonelo, zingabona ukuthi unekhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome .

3. Ukuhlola Amaprotheni

Ukuhlolwa kwamaprotheni kuhlaziya ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu, njengomsebenzi wama-enzyme . Uma kunezinkinga ngamaprotheni akho, kusho ukuthi kungase kube nezinguquko ku-DNA yakho. Lezo zinguquko zingadala nezimo zofuzo.

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zofuzo ziwusizo ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha

Uma ukhulelwe, ungathola ukuthi ingane yakho engakazalwa inazo yini izinguquko ezakhiweni zayo zofuzo noma kuma-chromosome ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ze-DNA yokukhulelwa. Kodwa khumbula, lezi zivivinyo azitholi zonke izimo. Kodwa-ke, zingakutshela ukuthi ingane yakho kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi izalwe nezinye zezimo esizaziyo ukuthi singazithola. Isibonelo, uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando wezakhi zofuzo , okusho ukuthi ingane yakho isengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sofuzo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kuhlolwa kokukhulelwa.

Ukuhlolwa Kokuxilonga

Lezi zivivinyo zokuxilonga zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi unezifo ezithile zofuzo noma izinkinga ze-chromosome . Kodwa-ke, azikwazi ukuhlola zonke izimo zofuzo. Nakuba lezi zivivinyo zokuxilonga zivame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, zingenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa uma unezimpawu zesifo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwenkampani Yenethiwekhi

Kunezifo ezithile ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane njenge- "Autosomal Recessive" . Lokho kusho ukuthi, umuntu angaba ne-gene yaleso simo, kodwa angakhombisi izimpawu. Ungumthwali nje waleyo gene. Okusho ukuthi, ungathola ukuthi ungumthwali we-gene eguquliwe yesifo esithile se-"Autosomal Recessive" ngokuhlolwa kwabathwali. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa uma omunye wabazali enomlando womndeni wesifo se-"Autosomal Recessive". Ngoba, ukuze ingane ibe nesifo esinjalo, bobabili umama nobaba kudingeka babe nekhophi yaleyo gene. Ngakho-ke, uma omunye waziwa ukuthi ungumthwali, uma omunye naye ehlolwa, kungatholakala ukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi izingane zithole leso sifo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokufakelwa

Lokhu ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kancane. Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amasu okusiza ekuzaleni (ART) , isibonelo , ukuvundisa nge-in vitro (IVF).Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokutshalwa kwembewu kungabona izinguquko zofuzo kuma-embryo adalwayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha amaseli ambalwa kuma-embryo bese uwahlola ukuze kutholakale izinguquko ezithile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-embryo kuphela angenazo lezo zinguquko afakwa esibelethweni ukuze azame ukukhulelwa.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinsana

Ingane yakho izohlolwa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokuzalwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kosana olusanda kuzalwa kuhlola izimo ezithile zofuzo, i-metabolic, noma ezihlobene nama-hormone . Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zihlolwa kusenesikhathi ngoba uma kunenkinga, ukwelashwa kungaqala ngokushesha. Izwe/isifundazwe ngasinye sivame ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezihlolwa ngale ndlela. Isibonelo, izibhedlela e-United States zingahlolwa izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ukuze zihlole izimo ezingaphezu kuka-35.

Ukuhlolwa Kokubikezela Nokungaphambi Kwezimpawu

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okwandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nesimo sofuzo esikhathini esizayo kungatholakala ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhlolwa kokubikezela kanye nokwangaphambi kwezimpawu. Lokhu kuhlola ukubona ukuthi izinguquko ezakhiweni zakho zofuzo ziyandisa yini ingozi yakho yokuthola izifo ezithile. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza , njengomdlavuza webele, ziwela kulesi sigaba. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwezimpawu kungakutshela ukuthi uzoba nesimo sofuzo ngaphambi kokuba ube nanoma yiziphi izimpawu. Kodwa akunakuqinisekiswa ngo-100%. Kuhlala kukhona ithuba elincane lephutha lapho wenza lezi zinhlobo zokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu ngaphambi kokuba wenze noma yiziphi izivivinyo.

Yiziphi izifo ezingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi yize ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungathola ezinye izimo, akukwazi ukuthola konke . Futhi, umphumela wokuhlolwa omuhle akusho ukuthi uzoba nalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungaba usizo ekuqinisekiseni noma ekususeni izifo eziningi nezimo ezahlukene. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• `I-Down Syndrome` `(I-Down Syndrome)`
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• I-Cystic Fibrosis
• `Isifo Seseli Lesikele` `(Isifo Seseli Lesikele)`
• `I-Phenylketonuria` `(I-Phenylketonuria)`
• Umdlavuza Wekholoni (Colorectal)
• Umdlavuza Webele

Kunezinye izifo eziningi ezifana nalezi.

Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-DNA?

Kulula kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula kuwe. Kungaba igazi lakho, izinwele, isikhumba esincane, izicubu, noma, uma ukhulelwe , uketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze ingane yakho.Kungaba njalo. Lolu ketshezi lwe-amniotic luwuketshezi oluzungeze umbungu wakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Udokotela uzobe esethumela lesi sampula elabhorethri. Elabhorethri, ochwepheshe bazohlola noma yiziphi izinguquko ezakhiweni zakho zofuzo, ama-chromosome, noma amaprotheni. Ekugcineni, ochwepheshe bazothumela imiphumela yokuhlolwa kudokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izingozi zokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo?

Izingozi zomzimba eziningi zokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ziphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, kunengozi encane kakhulu yokuphuphuma kwesisu . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze ingane yakho esibelethweni sakho.

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kunezingozi ezinkulu , kokubili ngokomzwelo nangokwezimali.

Cabanga nje, uma uthola umphumela ongalindelekile, ungase uzizwe uthukuthele, wesaba, udumele, ukhathazekile , noma unecala . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungabiza imali eningi, ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-rupees. Umshuwalense ungase ukhokhele lezi zindleko. Kodwa ngokuvamile kuncike ohlotsheni lokuhlolwa kanye nesizathu sokuhlolwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo akuhlinzeki ngolwazi mayelana nazo zonke izimo zezakhi zofuzo, futhi akuzona zonke izivivinyo ezinembe ngokuphelele. Azikwazi futhi ukubikezela ukuthi izimpawu zizoba zimbi kangakanani noma ukuthi isimo sezakhi zofuzo sizovela nini.

Ithini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA ayilula ukuyiqonda ngaso sonke isikhathi. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa uhlobo lokuhlolwa, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kanye nomlando womndeni wakho ukuze ahumushe imiphumela. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzokuchazela imiphumela ethile. Imiphumela ingahlukaniswa kanje:

• Okuhle: Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA ihle, kusho ukuthi ilebhu ikwazile ukuthola ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okwaziwayo ukuthi kubangelwa isifo. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kukuhlonze njengomthwali walesi sifo, noma kunqume ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.
• Okubi: Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yakho ungemuhle, kusho ukuthi ilebhu ayikwazanga ukuthola uguquko lwezakhi zofuzo olwaziwayo ku-DNA yakho olungabangela isifo. Lokhu kungavimbela ukuxilongwa, kuhlonze ukuthi awuyena umthwali walesi sifo, noma kunqume ukuthi awukho engozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.
• Akuqiniseki:Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA ingaphelele, kusho ukuthi ilabhorethri kungenzeka ukuthi ithole ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Kodwa abanalo ulwazi olwanele lokunquma ukuthi kuyinto evamile noma ukuguquka okubangela isifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wonke umuntu unezinguquko ezijwayelekile, zemvelo ku-DNA yakhe ezingathinti impilo yakhe.

Kunembile kangakanani ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA?

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulinganisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Enye ukufaneleka kokuhlaziya. Lokhu kubheka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kungathola ngokunembile ukuthi kukhona yini ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile noma cha. Enye ukufaneleka kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma kukhona ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kuhlotshaniswa nesifo noma isimo esithile. Wonke amalabhorethri enza ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA alawulwa ngokwezindinganiso eziqashelwa nguhulumeni. Lezi zindinganiso zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA?

Eminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingatholakala zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha, ikakhulukazi, kuvame ukubuya ngokushesha kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukuhlolwa kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthola imiphumela. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nokuthi uzoyithola nini imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa okwenzayo.

Iyiphi ikhithi yokuhlola i-DNA engcono kakhulu?

Eqinisweni, uma ufuna ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuhlangana nodokotela noma umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo oseduze nawe bese kwenziwa ukuhlolwa. Bazokusiza ukuthi ukhethe ukuhlolwa okufanele futhi bakhulume nawe ngencazelo yemiphumela uma uyithola. Kodwa-ke, uma ungakwazi ukuya kudokotela, ungathola nekhithi yokuhlola i-DNA ngqo enkampanini yokuhlola i-DNA. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-``Direct-to-Consumer'' (DTC) . Amakhithi okuhlola i-DNA amahle kakhulu anikeza ulwazi oluqondakala kalula mayelana nesisekelo sesayensi sokuhlolwa kwawo. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi ekusebenziseni lokhu, ngoba ungase ungabi nomuntu ongakhuluma naye ngemiphumela nawe mathupha.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesimo sofuzo, noma uma uthola ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakudlulisela kumeluleki wezakhi zofuzo. Lowo meluleki angakuhlola wena kanye nolwazi olutholile futhi akusize unqume ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kwaqala nini?

Lena futhi indaba ethakazelisayo. Ososayensi basungula inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaziywa kwe -`(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism - RFLP)` ngawo-1980. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kwaba ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezakhi zofuzo okwasebenzisa i-DNA. Kodwa ngawo-1990, `(Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR)`Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kwethulwa. Le ndlela yokuhlola i-PCR DNA yathatha indawo yendlela yokuhlola ye-RFLP yangaphambilini. Isayensi yokuhlola i-DNA iyinsimu eshintsha njalo futhi eguqukayo.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kobuPaternity kwe-DNA?

Cishe uke wezwa ngalokhu. Ukuhlolwa kobubaba be-DNA kunganquma ukuthi ubani ubaba wengane ophilayo . Ukuhlolwa kwesihlathi se-DNA noma igazi kunganquma ukuthi othile ungubaba wengane noma wengane yakho. Lokhu kungatholakala futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kobubaba ngaphambi kokubeletha.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngokuhlolwa kwe-DNA, noma ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuthola ukuthi unesifo sofuzo noma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi ube nesifo esithile esikhathini esizayo. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungakunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo , futhi kuza nezingozi eziningi kanye nemikhawulo .

Uma unesifiso sokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakudlulisela kumeluleki wezakhi zofuzo futhi akunike ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nayo yonke inqubo.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngento efana nale, sazise!

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