Umzimba wethu, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, uyindalo emangalisayo kakhulu. Njengesakhiwo esihle nesiqinile. Njengoba nje lesi sakhiwo sinohlaka oluqinile, umzimba wethu nawo unohlaka oluqinile. Leso yisimiso sethu samathambo, noma njengoba sisibiza kanjalo, uhlaka lwamathambo. Ubuwazi ukuthi kunamathambo angu-206 emzimbeni womuntu omdala ojwayelekile? La mathambo angu-206 ndawonye asisiza ukuba sime siqonde, sihambe, sigijime, sigxume, futhi sivikele izitho ezibalulekile njengobuchopho nenhliziyo yethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu neyinhloko yalesi sikhumba. Leso yi -axial skeleton . Nakuba igama lizwakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, indaba ilula kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kuyini.
Iyini i-axial skeleton?
Kalula nje, uhlaka lwe-axial luyi -axis eyinhloko yomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, amathambo alele phansi phakathi nendawo. Cabanga ngalo njengesiqu somuthi. Amagatsha egatsha lomuthi asuka esiqwini, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela izingxenye zomzimba wethu, njengezingalo nemilenze yethu, ezixhunywe ngayo kule axis eyinhloko.
Le axis eyinhloko yakhiwa yi:
- Ikhanda lakho (ugebhezi)
- Intamo
- Umgogodla (umgogodla)
- Isifuba (umgodi wesifuba)
Amathambo ezingxenyeni ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Leli gama livela egameni lesiNgisi elithi "axis". Lisho ukuthi "axis". Ngakho leli gama linikezwa ngoba litholakala eceleni kwe-axis ephakathi yomzimba.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo zamathambo ze-axial neze-appendicular?
Sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi uhlelo lwamathambo lomzimba wethu luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esinye yi -axial skeleton esikhuluma ngayo. Esinye yi -appendicular skeleton . Umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili kulula kakhulu ukuwuqonda.
- I-Axial Skeleton: Lolu uhlaka oluphakathi lomzimba wethu. Okungukuthi, ugebhezi, umgogodla, kanye ne-rib cage.
- I-Appendicular Skeleton: Lawa wonke amanye amathambo “anamathele” noma “axhumene” nohlaka lwamathambo oluyinhloko. Igama elithi append lisho “ukunamathela.” Ngakho lokhu kufaka phakathi amathambo asemahlombe akho, ezingalweni, eminweni, ezinqeni, emilenzeni nasezinzwaneni.
Cabanga ngeshelufu yezingubo. Induku eqondile ifana nohlaka lwamathambo oluqondile. Izingalo ezisuka kulolo hlaka ziye kulengisa izingubo nhlangothi zombili zifana nohlaka lwamathambo oluhambisanayo. Uyaqonda?
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yesistimu yamathambo e-axial?
Izinsizakalo lolu hlelo lwamathambo oluzinikeza imizimba yethu azibalulekile. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo eziyinhloko olusinika zona:
1. Ukunikeza ukuphepha:Lena into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukhakhayi lwakho luvikela ubuchopho bakho, njengesigqoko sebhayisikili. Umgogodla wakho uvikela umgogodla odlula kuwo. Ikheji lakho lezimbambo livikela izitho ezizwela kakhulu ngaphakathi kwalo, njengenhliziyo namaphaphu akho.
2. Ukusekela umzimba: Lo mgogodla oqondile usivumela ukuthi sime futhi sihlale siqonde. Umgogodla usebenza ikakhulukazi njengensika eyinhloko esekela sonke isisindo somzimba wethu.
3. Ukuxhumana Kwemisipha: Imisipha esisiza sishukumise ikhanda, intamo, kanye nomzimba wethu ixhunywe kulesi sakhiwo samathambo esiqondile. Imisipha esisiza siphefumule nayo ixhunywe esibayeni sezimbambo.
4. Ukunikeza ukuzinza ohlelweni lwamathambo oluhambisanayo: Ukuze izingalo nemilenze yethu isebenze kahle, uhlaka oluyinhloko ezixhunywe kulo kumele luqine. Lokho kuzinza kunikezwa yile ngxenye.
Mangaki amathambo akhona ohlelweni lwamathambo oluyindilinga?
Uhlaka lwethu lwe-axial luqukethe amathambo angu-80 . Manje ake sibheke ukuthi ayini la mathambo angu-80 nokuthi atholakala kuphi ngokwehlukana.
Ake sihlukanise lokhu kube izingxenye ezi-5 eziyinhloko:
- Amathambo ekhanda
- Ama-ossicle endlebeni ephakathi
- Ithambo le-Hyoid entanyeni
- Ikholomu yomgogodla
- Ikheji lesibeletho
Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukhakhayi - Isigqoko sethu sokuzivikela semvelo
Ugebhezi lwethu alulona ithambo elilodwa. Luyiqoqo lamathambo. Lawa ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Amathambo ekhanda kanye namathambo obuso.
- Amathambo ekhanda: Lawa amathambo ayisishiyagalombili azungeze futhi avikele ubuchopho bethu.
- Amathambo obuso: Lawa amathambo ayi-14 asiza ekwakheni ubuso bethu futhi akhe izinto ezifana namehlo, ikhala, nomlomo.
| Amathambo ekhanda (amathambo angu-22 esewonke) | |
|---|---|
| Igama lethambo | Inombolo |
| Amathambo Ekhanda - 8 | |
| Amathambo e-parietal | 2 (ezimbili ohlangothini ngalunye) |
| Amathambo esikhashana | 2 (ezimbili ohlangothini ngalunye) |
| Ithambo langaphambili | 1 (isiphongo) |
| Ithambo le-occipital | 1 (ngemuva kwekhanda) |
| Ithambo le-Ethmoid | 1 (phakathi kwamehlo) |
| Ithambo le-sphenoid | 1 (isisekelo sekhanda) |
| Amathambo Obuso - 14 | |
| Amathambo e-Maxilla | 2 (umhlathi ongaphezulu) |
| Amathambo e-Zygomatic | 2 (izihlathi) |
| Ithambo le-Mandible | 1 (umhlathi ongezansi) |
| Amathambo empumulo | 2 (ibhuloho lempumulo) |
| Amathambo ePalatine | 2 (ngemuva kwezigcawu) |
| Amathambo e-concha ekhaleni | 2 (ngaphakathi kwekhala) |
| Amathambo e-Lacrimal | 2 (ngaphakathi kwenhlamvu yeso) |
| Ithambo lokuhlanza | 1 (phakathi kwekhala) |
Ama-Ossicles Okuzwa (amathambo amancane endlebeni ephakathi)
Amathambo amathathu amancane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu atholakala endlebeni ephakathi. Lawa mancane kakhulu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukudlulisa ukudlidliza komsindo okufinyelela endlebeni kuya endlebeni engaphakathi. Lawa mathambo atholakala kuzo zombili izindlebe. Lokho kusho ukuthi amathathu endlebeni eyodwa, kanye nayisithupha kuzo zombili izindlebe.
| Igama lethambo | Inani eliphelele |
|---|---|
| Amathambo e-Malleus | 2 (eyodwa ngendlebe ngayinye) |
| Amathambo e-Incus | 2 (eyodwa ngendlebe ngayinye) |
| Amathambo e-Stapes | 2 (eyodwa ngendlebe ngayinye) |
Ithambo le-Hyoid entanyeni
Leli yithambo elikhetheke kakhulu. Ngoba leli thambo le-hyoid alixhumene ngqo nanoma yiliphi elinye ithambo emzimbeni wethu. Lifana nokuntanta. Leli thambo elimise okwesicathulo sehhashi litholakala ngaphambili kwentamo, phakathi komhlathi ongezansi kanye nendlala yegilo. Libanjwe yimisipha nemisipha. Leli thambo lisisiza ukuphefumula, ukukhuluma, nokugwinya ukudla. Yilona lodwa.
Ikholomu Yomgogodla - Insika eyinhloko yomzimba
Umgogodla, noma umgogodla, yingxenye eyinhloko yomzimba wethu ethwala isisindo. Wakhiwe yinqwaba yamathambo amancane (ama-vertebrae) abekwe phezu komunye nomunye. Umgogodla, ovela ebuchosheni, wehla ngalezi thambo zomgogodla. Umgogodla uvikela lo mgogodla.
Umgogodla uvame ukwakhiwa ngama-vertebrae angu-24, i-sacrum, kanye ne-coccyx. Ake siwuhlukanise ube izingxenye ezi-5.
| Ingxenye | Inani lamathambo omgogodla | Umsebenzi oyinhloko |
|---|---|---|
| Umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho | 7 | Ukwakha intamo nokusekela ikhanda. |
| I-vertebrae yesifuba | 12 | Ukusekela ukuxhumeka kwezimbambo esifubeni. |
| Umgogodla we-Lumbar | 5 | Ukuthwala isisindo esinzima kakhulu emzimbeni. |
| I-Sacrum | 1 (ekuqaleni kwaba ngu-5, kamuva kwenezelwa) | Ihlanganisa ithambo lesinqe ukuze yakhe i-pelvis. |
| Ithambo lomsila/i-Coccyx | 1 (ekuqaleni engu-4, kamuva yengezwa) | Ukuphela komgogodla. Ukuvumela imisipha ukuthi ihlanganyele. |
Ikheji Lesifuba - Umvikeli Wenhliziyo Namaphaphu
Ikheji lezimbambo, noma ikheji lezimbambo, livikela izitho ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo namaphaphu ethu. Liphinde liqukethe imisipha ehilelekile ekuphefumuleni kanye neminye imisipha ehilelekile ekunyakazeni kwezingalo.
| Igama lethambo | Inombolo nencazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Sternum/ithambo lesifuba | 1 (ithambo elide, eliyisicaba phansi maphakathi nesifuba) |
| Izimbambo | 24 (amabhangqa angu-12. 12 ohlangothini ngalunye) |
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta uhlaka lwe-axial?
Uhlaka lwethu oluyinhloko lungathinteka futhi yizimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye ziyizimo eziwohlokayo ezenzeka njengoba sikhula. Ezinye zingabangelwa yizifo noma izingozi.
- I-Ankylosing Spondylitis: Lolu uhlobo lwe-arthritis olubangela ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside komgogodla kanye nobuhlungu bomhlane.
- I-Axial Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo esibangela ukukhula okufushane ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokukhula kwamathambo.
- I-Fibrous Dysplasia: Amathambo ayaqina ngenxa yokukhula kwezicubu ezine-fibrous esikhundleni sethambo eliphilile.
- Ukuphuka kwamathambo: Ubuningi bamathambo buyehla njengoba sikhula, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi amathambo aphuke ngisho noma ewa kancane.
- I-Osteoporosis: Isifo lapho amathambo eba buthakathaka kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-calcium emzimbeni.
- Isifo sikaPaget sethambo: Lesi sifo sibangela ukuba amathambo abe makhulu futhi abe buthakathaka kunokujwayelekile.
Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Sigcina kanjani uhlaka lwethu lwe-axial luphilile?
Kungumthwalo wethu ukugcina lolu hlaka olubalulekile lomzimba wethu luqinile. Kunezinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze senze lokho.
- Ukuzivocavoca kahle: Ukuzivocavoca kwe-cardio njengokuhamba nokugijima kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla njengokuphakamisa izinsimbi zombili kusiza ukuqinisa amathambo.
- Lala ngokwanele: Lala okungenani amahora angu-7 ngosuku. Imizimba yethu iyazilungisa lapho silele.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Njengoba isisindo somzimba sanda, kufakwa ingcindezi eyengeziwe emathanjeni, ikakhulukazi umgogodla nemilenze.
- Yidla ukudla okucebile nge-calcium kanye ne-vitamin D: Ukudla kobisi okufana nobisi, i-yogurt, noshizi, inhlanzi encane (enamathambo), ama-alimondi, kanye nemifino eluhlaza kucebile nge-calcium. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola i-vitamin D ukuthola ilanga lasekuseni.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi emathanjeni, okuyinto engeyinhle empilweni yamathambo.
- Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha: Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo, ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65.
Uhlaka lwethu oluyindilinga luyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu, olusivikela kukho konke ukuphila kwethu futhi lusinika amandla okuma. Ngakho-ke kungumsebenzi wethu ukulunakekela kahle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uhlelo lwamathambo lomzimba wethu luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: uhlelo lwamathambo oluhambisanayo noluhambisanayo.
- Uhlaka lwe-axial luyithambo elingu-80 elakha ugebhezi, umgogodla, kanye ne-rib cage, elitholakala eceleni kwe-axis ephakathi yomzimba.
- Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvikela izitho ezibalulekile njengobuchopho, umgogodla, inhliziyo, namaphaphu.
- Lokhu futhi kunikeza ukusekelwa komzimba, kusize ukuthi uhlale uqonde, futhi kuvumela ukuzibandakanya kwemisipha.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukulala ngokwanele), ungagcina uhlaka lwakho lwe-axial luqinile futhi luphilile.
- Uma unezinkinga noma ubuhlungu obuhlobene namathambo akho, hlala ubonana nodokotela.
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