Ingabe zikhona izifo zofuzo emndenini wakho? Ake sifunde ngqo nge-(Autosomal Dominant) kanye ne-(Autosomal Recessive)!

Sonke sizuza izinto ezithile kubazali bethu, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi umbala wamehlo, umbala wezinwele, ukuphakama... izinto ezinjalo. Ngokufanayo, singazuza izifo ezithile kokhokho bethu. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ifa lezakhi zofuzo . Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko lezi zakhi zofuzo ezizuzwa ngazo, okungukuthi `(Autosomal Dominant)` kanye `(Autosomal Recessive)`. Nakuba lezi zingase zizwakale njengezinye zezindlela zesayensi, ake sizame ukuziqonda kalula.

Yiziphi izici esizizuza njengefa kubazali bethu?

Kalula nje, konke okuthola kubazali bakho kufana nombala wamehlo akho, ukuthungwa kwezinwele zakho, nokuthi umude kangakanani. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi izici ezizuzwe njengefa . Inqubo esithola ngayo lezi zimfanelo ibizwa ngokuthi ifa .

Iyini iphethini yefa `(Autosomal Dominant)`?

Lena enye indlela izici zofuzo ezidluliselwa ngayo ezinganeni zisuka kubazali. Cabanga nje, uma umama noma ubaba enesici esithile sofuzo, futhi sidluliselwa njenge-"Autosomal Dominant", khona-ke leso sici singadluliselwa enganeni kuphela uma umzali oyedwa kuphela enaleso sici esishintshile. Into ebalulekile ukuthi ingane ngayinye yomzali enesici esithi "Autosomal Dominant" inethuba elingama-50% (elilodwa kwababili) lokuthola leso sici. Lokho kusho ukuthi ingane ingasithola noma ingasitholi. Kufana nokuphonsa uhlamvu lwemali. Khumbula, lezo zinto zidluliselwa ezinganeni kuphela uma kukhona izinguquko ku-"Sperm", "Egg", noma "DNA" yabazali.

Kalula nje: Ku-"Autosomal Dominant", ingane izuza lesi sici uma umzali oyedwa kuphela ezuza ifa lofuzo "olunamandla".

Ngakho-ke iyini iphethini yofuzo lwe-`(Autosomal Recessive)`?

Lena enye indlela yokuzuza ifa. Kodwa lena ihlukile kancane. Umzali onesici esithi ``Autosomal Recessive`` ngeke abonise zimpawu. Okusho ukuthi, bangase bangazi nokuthi banaso isici. Ukuze lesi sici sidluliselwe ezinganeni zabo, bobabili abazali kumele babe ngabathwali besici esishintshiwe. Uma bobabili abazali benalolu hlobo lwesici "esibuthakathaka", ingane ngayinye inethuba elingama-25% (elilodwa kwabane) lokuthola isimo/isici sezakhi zofuzo. Lokho kusho ukuthi ingane ingaba nalesi simo, noma ibe ngumthwali wesakhi sofuzo, noma ibe nempilo enhle ngokuphelele. Nalapha futhi, lokhu kudluliselwa ezinganeni uma kukhona izinguquko ku-``Sperm```, ``Egg``` noma ``DNA``.

Kalula nje: Ku-"Autosomal Recessive", ingane izothola leso sici/isifo kuphela uma bobabili umama nobaba bezuza ifa lofuzo "olubuthakathaka".

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi ``Autosomal``?

I-'Autosomal' isho ukuthi i-gene ayikho kwi-chromosome yobulili, kodwa ikwi-chromosome enezinombolo. Abantu banama-chromosome angu-46 esewonke. Uthola angu-23 kumama wakho kanye nangu-23 kuyihlo, okukunikeza angu-46. Kulawa, kune-chromosome ezimbili zobulili (u-X no-Y). Amanye ama-chromosome angu-22 angama-chromosome anezinombolo. Lawa ma-chromosome anezinombolo kuphela asebenzisa iphethini ye-'Autosomal' yefa.

Sizuza kanjani lezi zici? Kwenzekani ngaphakathi kithi?

Sizuza lezi zici eqandeni likamama wethu kanye nesidoda sikababa. Lezi ziqukethe izakhi zethu zofuzo. Luhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ake sibheke izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko:

• ( I-DNA ): Lena yi-molecule eyinhloko egcina ulwazi lwethu lwezakhi zofuzo.
• Izakhi zofuzo : Lezi yizingxenye ezithile ze-DNA. Izakhi zofuzo ngasinye zinquma izici zethu ngabanye.
• Ama-chromosome : Lezi yizakhiwo ezakhiwe yi-DNA eningi. Izakhi zofuzo zitholakala ngaphakathi kwala ma-chromosome.

Cabanga ngale ndlela: ama-chromosome afana namashalofu ezincwadi. I-DNA ifana nezincwadi ezikulawo mashalofu. Ama-gene afana nezahluko kulezo zincwadi. Uthola ikhophi eyodwa ye-gene evela kumama wakho kanye nekhophi eyodwa evela kubaba wakho. Lokho kudala ama-gene amabili. Lawa ma-gene angaphakathi kwamaseli akho. Lawa maseli ayahlukana futhi enze amakhophi awo, okwenza umzimba wakho wonke. Lapho amaseli ehlukana, ama-chromosome kanye nama-gene kufanele kufane kuwo wonke amaseli. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, lapho lawa maseli ehlukana, kungaba nephutha ekuhlukanisweni kwezinto zofuzo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuguqulwa. Lokhu kungashintsha umsebenzi walelo seli.

Lezi zici ezizuzwe njengefa zithinta kanjani imizimba yethu?

Izici ezizuzwe njengefa yizo ezinquma ukubukeka kwakho ngokomzimba, indlela obukeka ngayo, nokuthi yini ekwenza uhluke kwabanye. Ngezinye izikhathi, iphutha ekuhlukanisweni kwamaseli lingabangela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ku-DNA yakho. Lokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungabangela izifo zezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indlela amangqamuzana akhula futhi asebenza ngayo ingashintsha. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinguquko ezibangela izifo. Ezinye izinguquko azibangeli izifo, kodwa ezinye izinguquko zingabangela izifo ezinkulu.

Ikuphi i-`(i-DNA)` emizimbeni yethu?

I-DNA itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuvamile ingaphakathi kwe-nucleus, okuyisikhungo sokulawula seseli. Wakhiwe ngama-trillions amaseli.

Ibukeka kanjani i-`(DNA)`?

I-DNA yakho yakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezine zezisekelo: i-adenine (A), i-cytosine (C), i-thymine (T), kanye ne-guanine (G). Lezi zisekelo zixhunywe ndawonye ukuze zakhe izisekelo ezimbili: u-A no-T, kanye no-C no-G. Lezi zisekelo ezimbili, kanye ne-molecule kashukela kanye ne-molecule ye-phosphate (ebizwa ngokuthi i-nucleotide), zakha isakhiwo esinomumo ojikelezayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-double helix. Izisekelo ezimbili ziyizitebhisi zeleli, kanti izitebhisi zikashukela kanye ne-phosphate ziyizitebhisi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zeleli. Akumangalisi lokho?

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuyishintsha kanjani i-DNA?

Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungenzeka lapho iseli lihlukana noma lapho iseli livezwa entweni enobuthi. Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kuwushintsho esakhiweni se-DNA esine-helix ephindwe kabili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isakhi sofuzo asikho lapho kufanele sibe khona ku-chromosome. Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko ezingenzeka ngazo izinguquko:

• Ukushintsha: I-nucleotide eyodwa ithathelwa indawo enye.
• Ukufakwa: I-nucleotide eyengeziwe ingezwa entanjeni ye-DNA.
• Ukususwa: I-nucleotide isuswa ochungechungeni lwe-DNA.

Ngisho noshintsho oluncane olufana nalolu lungaba nomthelela omkhulu.

Yiziphi izifo eziyinhloko zofuzo ezizuzwa njengefa ngendlela ethi "Autosomal Dominant"?

Kunezifo eziningana zofuzo ezizuzwa njengefa ngale ndlela. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Isifo sikaHuntington
• I-Marfan syndrome
• I-Achondroplasia (isimo esibangela ukufinyela komzimba)

Yiziphi izifo eziyinhloko zofuzo ezizuzwa njenge-"Autosomal Recessive"?

Kukhona nezifo zofuzo ezizuzwa njengefa ngale ndlela. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• I-cystic fibrosis
• Isifo se-sickle cell
• Isifo sikaTay -Sachs

La magama angase azwakale engavamile, kodwa lawa amagama odokotela abawasebenzisayo. Uma uke wezwa ngento efana nale, manje usuyazi ukuthi iyizakhi zofuzo.

Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kokuhlola impilo yezakhi zofuzo zethu?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kokuthola izinkinga zofuzo. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungabona izinguquko ku-gene yakho, ama-chromosome, noma amaprotheni. Lezi zivivinyo zingabona izakhi zofuzo eziguqukile ezibangela izimo zofuzo. Ikakhulukazi, lezi zivivinyo zisiza abazali abahlela ukuba nezingane baqonde ingozi yokudlulisela isifo sofuzo ezinganeni zabo.

Ingabe lezi zifo zofuzo azinakuvinjelwa ukuthi zingadluliselwa ezinganeni?

Eqinisweni, asikwazi ukukhetha ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zofuzo esifuna ukuzidlulisela ezinganeni zethu. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ngokuphelele izifo zofuzo ukuthi zingadluliselwa ezinganeni zethu. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona isifo sofuzo emndenini wakho, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze uqonde ingozi yakho yokusidlulisela enganeni yakho. Ungahlangana futhi nomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo ukuze nixoxe ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi nixazulule noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka eningaba nakho.

Siyigcina kanjani "i-DNA" yethu iphilile?

Nakuba singenakukwazi ukushintsha izakhi zofuzo esizizuza njengefa, singenza izinto ezithile ukunciphisa umonakalo kwi-DNA yethu, okungukuthi, ukwakheka kwezinguquko ezintsha.

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Vivinya umzimba. Gcina umzimba wakho usebenza.
• Ungabhemi . Ukubhema kungalimaza i-DNA.
• Nciphisa inani lotshwala obuphuzayo.
• Thola ukuvakashelwa njalo kwezempilo ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izinkinga kusenesikhathi.

Khumbula, nakuba lezi zinto zinganciphisa umonakalo omusha ku-"(i-DNA)" yethu, azikwazi ukushintsha izakhi zofuzo esizizuze njengefa.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Izakhi zofuzo esizizuza kubazali bethu zisenza sibe ngabantu abahlukile. Izimo zezakhi zofuzo zingazuzwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. `(Autosomal Dominant)` kanye `(Autosomal Recessive)` yizindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Uma unethemba lokuba nomntwana, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo mayelana nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini isifo sezakhi zofuzo emndenini wakho. Khona-ke ungathola ukuqonda okucacile ngezingozi zakho, izivivinyo ezingenziwa, kanye nezinyathelo okudingeka uzithathe ngokulandelayo. Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzoba wusizo kuwe. Uma unemibuzo, ungabi namahloni okubuza udokotela. Hlala uphilile!

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` Ufuzo, izakhi zofuzo, i-DNA, i-Autosomal Dominant, i-Autosomal Recessive, izifo zofuzo, ifa