Iskeni esibheka amanzi ngemuva kwentamo yengane yakho: Konke mayelana ne-Nuchal Translucency!

Uma ungumama okhulelwe, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukutshelile ngalesi sikeni esibizwa ngokuthi i-'Nuchal Translucency'. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngaso kumngane wakho. Kuyini ngempela lokhu kuskeni? Kufunani? Ingabe kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe? Cishe unemibuzo eminingi efana nale. Ungakhathazeki, sizochaza konke ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Nuchal Translucency?

Kalula nje, i-nuchal translucency iwukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-ultrasound okwenziwa ngesikhathi se-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa kwakho. Ngokuyisisekelo ibheka ukujiya koketshezi lwe-amniotic ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngemuva kwentamo yengane yakho , noma ukuthi lungakanani uketshezi olukhona. Ubuwazi ukuthi ingane ngayinye inoketshezi oluncane lwe-amniotic ngemuva kwentamo yayo, futhi kuyinto evamile ngokuphelele ?

Kodwa-ke, ngokulinganisa inani lalolu ketshezi, odokotela bangathola umbono ngengozi yokuthi ingane ibe nezimo ezithile ze-chromosome noma izinguquko zofuzo .

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lokhu kuskena kwe-"NT" kumane kuwukuhlolwa kokuhlola . Okusho ukuthi, akumxilongi umntwana nganoma yisiphi isimo. Kusiza udokotela wakho kuphela ukuthi anqume ukuthi umntwana usengozini yini nokuthi uma kunjalo, ukuthi kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Uyakwazi?

Kubukeka kanjani lokhu kuskena?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yini ngempela le scan ethi 'nuchal translucency' ebheka yona. Ngale scan, udokotela ubheka isikhala esingemuva kwentamo yengane esibizwa ngokuthi 'nuchal fold.' Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, ingane ngayinye inoketshezi ngemuva kwentamo yayo. Odokotela bathole ukuthi izingane ezinezimo ezithile ze-chromosome noma zofuzo zingase zibe noketshezi oluningi kule ngxenye yentamo yazo.

Yiziphi izimo ozibhekayo ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ingozi?

Uma inani loketshezi ngemuva kwentamo liphakeme kunokuvamile, kungase kubonise ukuthi ingane isengozini yokuthuthukisa izimo ezifana nalezi:

• I-Down syndrome (i-Trisomy 21) : Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalokhu. Lesi yisimo esigxile kakhulu ku-scan ye-`NT`.
• I-Patau syndrome (i-Trisomy 13)
• I-Edwards syndrome (i-Edwards syndrome - i-Trisomy 18)

Lezi yizinkinga eziyinhloko ze-chromosome ezifunwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhuphukile le-`NT` lingahlotshaniswa nezinye izimo zenhliziyo zokuzalwa., okusho ukuthi kungahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo. Ngakho-ke, imiphumela ye-`NT` scan inganikeza umbono oqondile wokuthi ingane inamathuba amaningi noma amancane okuba nalezi zimo.

Enye into ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikeni se-"NT", odokotela bahlola nezingxenye eziningana eziyisisekelo zomzimba womntwana osakhula. Isibonelo, bahlola ukuthi ugebhezi, ubuchopho, izitho, namathumbu omntwana kukhula kahle yini. Uma kutholakala ezinye izinkinga ngesikhathi sesikeni se-"NT", kungandisa nengozi yezimo zofuzo noma zesakhiwo.

Iskeni se-NT senziwa nini?

Lokhu kuyinkinga nakomama abaningi. Ukuskena kwe-`NT` kwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-11 namasonto ayi-13 kanye nezinsuku eziyi-6 zokukhulelwa. Ngamanye amazwi, kwenziwa lapho ubude obusuka ekhanda lomntwana buye phansi (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'Crown-Rump Length - CRL') buphakathi kwamamilimitha angu-45 nangu-84 .

Kungani kwenziwa ngalesi sikhathi esithile ? Isizathu siwukuthi ngemva kwamasonto ayi-14, njengoba umntwana ekhula, uketshezi olungemuva kwentamo luqala ukumuncwa lubuyele emzimbeni wengane. Bese kuba nzima ukululinganisa ngokunembile. Yingakho odokotela bencoma ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-``NT`` phakathi nalesi sikhathi esithile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-``NT`` kuvame ukwenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-trimester yokuqala .

Iyini le khithi yokuhlola yekota yokuqala?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama ngaphambili. I-"First Trimester Screening Kit" (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "Combined Sequential Screening") iyisethi yezivivinyo ezihlola ingozi yengane yokuthola izimo ezithile zokuzalwa , okungukuthi, izimo ezikhona lapho izalwa.

Ngaphezu kokuskenwa kwe-NT, isampula yegazi nayo iyathathwa kuwe . Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ekuhloleni ingozi yokuba ingane yakho ibe nezimo zokuzalwa. Eqinisweni, imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kuhlanganiswe nokuskenwa kwe-NT kuphela inembe kakhulu .

Ubani odinga ukuskenwa kwe-NT?

Ukuskena kwe-`NT` kungenziwa yinoma yimuphi owesifazane okhulelwe , kodwa kufanele kwenziwe phakathi kwamasonto e-11 ne-13 okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili. Lokhu akusikho ukuhlolwa okuphoqelekile, kuyinto yokuzikhethela .

Kodwa-ke, odokotela abaningi bayakutusa lokhu ngoba kungakusiza ukuthi ubone noma yiziphi izingozi kusenesikhathi. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese wenza isinqumo ngokusekelwe kulokho ukuhlolwa ngakunye okuzokufuna kanye nezinzuzo nezingozi.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuskena kwe-NT?

Lokhu futhi kulula kakhulu. Ukuskena kwe-NT kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokuskena okuvamile kwe-ultrasound. Ngokuvamile, kuba yi-ultrasound yesisu.Kwenziwe okukodwa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, isibonelo, uma kunzima ukuthola isithombe esicacile ngenxa yendawo yesibeletho sakho noma indawo yengane, kungenziwa ukuskena ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane (i-ultrasound yesitho sangasese sowesifazane) .

Ngaphambi kokuskena, udokotela noma uchwepheshe wokuskena uzofaka ijeli ye-ultrasound esiswini sakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, idivayisi encane ephathwayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-transducer izothuthwa phezu kwesisu sakho. Izithombe zengane yakho zizoboniswa kusikrini. Ubukhulu boketshezi olungemuva kwentamo yengane yakho buzolinganiswa ngamamilimitha . Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu phakathi nale nqubo.

Ibalwa kanjani imiphumela ye-NT scan?

Ingozi ngokuvamile ayibalwa ngokusekelwe enanini elivela ku-NT scan kuphela. Udokotela wakho uvame ukuhlanganisa imiphumela yazo zonke izivivinyo zakho ze-trimester yokuqala ukuze abale ingozi yakho iyonke yokuthi ingane yakho ibe nesimo sokuzalwa.

Ngishilo ngaphambili ukuthi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-NT scan kwandisa ukunemba kwemiphumela. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela yakho kokubili, iminyaka yakho, futhi mhlawumbe ukuthi ithambo lempumulo lomntwana liyabonakala yini (lokhu kusetshenziselwa futhi ukubona ingozi ye-Down syndrome), kuyacatshangelwa lapho kukunikeza amaphuzu okugcina obungozi.

Kungani imiphumela ibizwa ngokuthi "ingozi"?

Umphumela owutholayo uvame ukuvezwa njengengozi yezibalo . Isibonelo, umphumela wakho ungase uthi "1 kumathuba angu-300." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinganeni ezingu-300 ezine-`NT` efanayo nemiphumela yokuhlolwa efana neyakho, oyedwa kuphela ku-300 ozoba nalesi simo sokuzalwa.

• Uma izinga loketshezi lijwayelekile : Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingozi yesimo sokuzalwa iphansi .
• Uma inani loketshezi liphezulu : Kusho ukuthi kunengozi enkulu yesifo sokuzalwa noma sofuzo.

Cabanga ngalokhu, uma utshelwa ukuthi ingozi yokushayiswa yimoto ngenkathi uhamba emgwaqweni ingu-1 kwabayi-1000, lokho akusho ukuthi uzoshayiswa nakanjani. Kunjalo nangalokhu. Ngisho noma ingozi inkulu, akusho ukuthi ingane izoba nenkinga nakanjani.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi udokotela akasoze akwenze ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuskena kwe-`NT`. Lokhu kumane nje kuyizivivinyo zokuqala. Uma inani le-`NT` liphezulu, udokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo uzokuchazela mayelana nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ezimweni eziningi, noma inani le-`NT` liphezulu, kungenzeka lingahlobene nesimo se-chromosome noma sezakhi zofuzo. Yingakho izivivinyo ezengeziwe zinconywa njalo.

I-NT scan inembe kangakanani?

Uma wenza i-`NT` scan yodwa, izobona izimo ezifana ne-`Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)` cishe kuma-70% ezimo.Kungatholakala. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abaningi bahlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi "NT" nokuhlolwa kwegazi okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla. Bese, ukunemba kokuthola lezi zimo kukhuphuka kufike cishe ku-95% . Lelo yiphesenti eliphezulu, akunjalo?

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalesi sikeni?

Cha. Ukukhanya kwe-nuchal kuwukuhlolwa okunengozi encane kakhulu . Kufana nje nokuskena okuvamile kwe-ultrasound. Ngeke kukulimaze wena noma ingane yakho.

Kwenzekani uma imiphumela ye-NT scan ingajwayelekile?

Yilapho omama abaningi besaba khona. Ngingathanda ukukukhumbuza futhi ukuthi ukuskena kwe-`NT` kubonisa kuphela ingozi yokuba ingane ibe nesimo esithile. Ngakho-ke, uma umphumela wakho wokuskena ungavamile, okusho ukuthi inani le-`NT` liphezulu, ungesabi .

Udokotela wakho uzobe esekutshela ngezivivinyo eziningana zokuxilonga . Lezi zivivinyo zifaka:

• Ukusampula Kwe-Chorionic Villus (CVS) : Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ku-placenta yakho bese uyihlola ukuze ithole izimo zofuzo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-10 kuya kwayi-13 okukhulelwa.
• I-Amniocentesis : Lokhu kwenziwa kamuva kancane ekukhulelweni, ngokuvamile ngemva kwamasonto ayi-15. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa inalithi ukususa inani elincane le-amniotic fluid esibelethweni sakho. Lolu ketshezi luqukethe amangqamuzana omntwana, futhi lawa maseli angahlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo noma izifo.

Kungemiphumela yalezi zivivinyo lapho singabona khona ngokunembile ukuthi ingane inesimo esithile noma cha .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma inani le-`NT` liphezulu, udokotela angase futhi acele ukuthi kwenziwe i-scan ebizwa ngokuthi i-fetal echocardiogram ukuze kubhekwe ngqo inhliziyo yengane, njengoba inani le-`NT` elingavamile lingahlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka okuthile kwenhliziyo yengane.

Ungesabi! Into ebaluleke kakhulu...

Ukuthi nje imiphumela yakho ye-NT scan ayijwayelekile akusho ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga. Ungakhathazeki, ungesabi . Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe, noma afune izimpawu zenye inkinga ku-ultrasound yakho noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Bangase bakuthumele kumeluleki wezakhi zofuzo . Ngaleyo ndlela, ungafunda kabanzi ngalezi zimo, izingozi zazo, kanye nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezitholakalayo.

Iyini inani elijwayelekile le-NT?

Inani loketshezi olungemuva kwentamo yengane liyanda kancane njengoba ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani elimaphakathi emavikini ayi-13 lingase libe phezulu kancane kunenani elimaphakathi emavikini ayi-11.

Izikhungo zezokwelapha ezahlukene zinikeza imikhawulo ye-NT ehlukene kancane yokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kusekelwe enanini le-NT kanye nobudala bokukhulelwa.

Kodwa-ke, ekukhulelweni okuningi, uma inani le-NT lingaphezu kuka-3 mm noma u-3.5 mm , kunconywa ukuthi kuxoxwe ngokwelulekwa ngofuzo kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kumane kuyinani, futhi udokotela wakho uzokunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-NT okungajwayelekile kusho ukuthi umntwana une-Down syndrome?

Cha, akunjalo nhlobo . Umphumela wokuskena okungajwayelekile kwe-nuchal translucency awusho ukuthi ingane izoba ne- Down syndrome noma esinye isimo sokuzalwa. Kusho ukuthi ingane isengozini enkulu noma inamathuba amaningi okuba nesimo esinjalo.

Ngisho noma inani le-NT livamile, odokotela bangase bafune ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngaphezu kwe-NT scan ngoba lokhu kungakunikeza ukuhlolwa okunembile kwengozi yakho. Kwezinye izimo, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokukhulelwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi ingane yakho izalwe inesimo sofuzo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela?

Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela angakutshela imiphumela ye-NT ultrasound scan ngosuku olufanayo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani loketshezi ngemuva kwentamo lingalinganiswa futhi inani lingaziwa ngosuku olufanayo.

Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe ngokuhlolwa kwe-"first-trimester" ingathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma isonto noma amabili ukubuya . Odokotela abaningi balinda kuze kube yilapho yonke le miphumela itholakala ngaphambi kokuba bakwazi ukubala ukuthi ingane isengozini noma cha. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho bezokuchazela khona isithombe esiphelele.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya

Isikeni se-"Nuchal Translucency (NT)" siwukuhlolwa kokuqala okubalulekile okusiza ekunqumeni ingozi yengane yokuba nesifo sokuzalwa noma sofuzo.

• Lokhu kuwukuhlolwa kokuhlola kuphela, hhayi ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga.
• Ungakhathazeki uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile. Kusho ukuthi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
• Kusenethuba lokuthi uzothola umntwana onempilo .
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokucophelela mayelana nokuthi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa isho ukuthini nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.
• Ukukhuluma nomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo nokuxoxa ngezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokuhlolwa kwesikhathi esizayo kuzosiza kakhulu.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusizile ukuthi uqonde kangcono i-NT scan. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.

` ukuguquguquka kwe-nuchal, ukuskena kwe-NT, ukuhlolwa kwe-trimester yokuqala, ingozi ye-Down syndrome, ukukhubazeka kwe-chromosome, ukuskena kokukhulelwa, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha, i-ultrasound yengane, ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, ukuguqulwa kwe-nuchal, i-Down syndrome, ukuhlolwa kwengane