Ake sifunde nge-Subclavian Artery, enye yemithambo ebaluleke kakhulu ethwala igazi emahlombe akho, entanyeni nasekhanda!

Sawubona! Wake wazibuza ukuthi izingalo zakho, intamo, kanye nezinye izingxenye zekhanda lakho zithola kanjani igazi? Imizimba yethu inesimiso esimangalisayo semithambo yegazi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye sezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa mhlawumbe esingakhulunywa kakhulu ngaso, salolo hlelo. Leso yi -subclavian artery .

Iyini i-subclavian artery? Yenzani?

Kalula nje, imithambo yakho ye-subclavian iyimithambo yegazi emibili eyinhloko ethwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye emzimbeni wakho ongaphezulu, okuhlanganisa izingalo zakho, intamo, nekhanda. Cabanga ngayo njengamapayipi amabili ayinhloko athwala amanzi esuka ethangini lamanzi aya ekhaya lakho. Itholakala ngaphansi nje kwamathambo akho e-collarbone (abizwa ngokuthi ama-clavicle), elilodwa ohlangothini ngalunye. Kukhona amabili ohlangothini lwesokudla kanye namabili ohlangothini lwesobunxele.

Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko walo mthambo we-subclavian ukuhambisa igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye ekhanda, entanyeni nasezingalweni zakho. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, akunjalo?

Singawuqonda umsebenzi wawo ngokuhlukanisa lo mthambo wegazi ube izingxenye ezintathu:

• Ingxenye yokuqala ithumela igazi ezingxenyeni zesifuba sakho, indlala yegilo , kanye ne-Circle of Willis, uhlelo oluyinhloko oluhlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni.
• Ingxenye yesibili iya ezingxenyeni zentamo yakho ezibizwa ngokuthi i-costocervical trunks .
• Ingxenye yesithathu , okuyiyona ngxenye ekude kancane nalapho lo mthambo wegazi uqala khona, inikeza igazi ezingalweni zakho. Lokho kusho ukuthi igazi liya kukho konke kusukela kuma-biceps akho, imisipha ye-triceps, imisipha yamahlombe, imisipha yengalo, njll.

Ikuphi ngempela i-subclavian artery?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, yomibili le mithambo yegazi itholakala ngaphansi kwamathambo akho e-collarbone (i-`clavicles`). Kodwa-ke, umthambo we-subclavian wesobunxele kanye nomthambo we-subclavian wesokudla uqala ngendlela ehlukile kancane.

• Umthambo we-subclavian ongakwesokudla ohlangothini lwakho lwesokudla uqala ngomthambo wegazi obizwa ngokuthi umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic .
• Umthambo we-subclavian wesobunxele ohlangothini lwakho lwesobunxele uqala ngqo egoqweni le-aorta yakho enkulu, i-aortic arch .

Le mithambo yegazi emibili ihamba iphuma phakathi komzimba wakho, ngemisipha emibili entanyeni yakho ebizwa ngokuthi "imisipha ye-anterior ne-middle scalene." Yelula iye ogwini lwakho lokuqala, futhi kusukela lapho iba "imithambo ye-axillary," okuyimithambo yegazi ehamba ngqo engalweni yakho.

Le mithambo ye-subclavian ihlukana ibe amagatsha amancane. Ibaluleke kakhulu futhi:

• Imithambo yegazi yomgogodla: Le mithambo yegazi ihlinzeka ngegazi ezingxenyeni zobuchopho bakho kanye nesiqu sobuchopho . Le mithambo yegazi ivame ukuba phakathi kwamamilimitha angu-3 no-5 ububanzi.
• Imithambo yesifuba yangaphakathi: Le mithambo ihlinzeka ngegazi ku -pericardium , ithambo lesifuba, i-diaphragm , udonga lwesifuba, kanye nezinye izingxenye zodonga lwesisu. Lena imithambo yegazi emincane engamamilimitha angu-2 ububanzi. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa umthambo wesifuba wangaphakathi kwesobunxele ukuze bafake imithambo yenhliziyo ephukile .
• Imithambo ye-Dorsal scapular: Le mithambo ihlinzeka ngegazi emisipheni yomhlane wakho ongenhla futhi isekele izingalo namahlombe akho.
• Umzimba we-Thyrocervical: Lokhu kugijima phezulu ezinhlangothini zentamo yakho bese kunikeza igazi entanyeni nasemahlombe akho.
• Isiqu se-Costocervical: Lesi sitholakala nakuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo futhi sithumela igazi ezingalweni zakho, entanyeni, nasekhanda.

Ingakanani le mithambo ye-subclavian? Yenziwe ngani?

Ububanzi bomthambo wakho we-subclavian, noma ububanzi be-cross-section yawo, buphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-0.7 no-1.0 (ngaphansi kwengxenye yesentimitha). Mncane, kodwa wenza umsebenzi omningi, akunjalo?

Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, umthambo wakho we-subclavian wakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko.

1. Ingqimba engaphakathi (i-Tunica Intima): Lokhu kwakhiwe ungqimba oluncane kakhulu noluguquguqukayo lwamaseli. Kusiza igazi ukuthi ligeleze kahle.

2. Ungqimba oluphakathi (i-Tunica Media): Lolu ungqimba olunemisipha. Yilokhu okuvumela imithambo yegazi ukuthi ifinyele futhi ivuleke. Kuphinde kusize ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi.

3. Ingqimba engaphandle (i-Tunica Adventitia): Lokhu futhi kuyisembozo esiqinile esenziwe ngamaseli amancane, aguquguqukayo. Sihlinzeka ngesivikelo emthanjeni wegazi.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezingathinta umthambo we-subclavian?

Ngokudabukisayo, ngisho nomthambo we-subclavian, owenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, ungakha izifo ezithile. Ake sibheke ezinye zezifo eziyinhloko:

• I-atherosclerosis: Abantu abaningi bake bezwa ngalokhu. Kalula nje, kuyisimo lapho amafutha ne-cholesterol kwakheka khona ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi (esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-plaque' ) bese kuvala imithambo yegazi. Kufana nokugqwala okuvala ipayipi lamanzi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka emthanjeni we-subclavian, kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi.
• I-Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Kulesi simo, umthambo we-subclavian uba mncane ( stenosis) ngenxa yengcindezi evela emathanjeni azungezile, emisipheni, noma kwezinye izicubu.) ukushintsha. Khona-ke inani legazi eliya ezandleni lingase lehle.
• I-Takayasu's arteritis: Lolu uhlobo lwe- vasculitis . Lubangela ukuvuvukala, noma ukuvuvukala, komthambo we-subclavian, okunganciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo ofinyelela ekhanda, entanyeni, noma ezingalweni.
• I-Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yi -atherosclerosis . Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umthambo we-subclavian uba mncane ( i-stenosis ), futhi elinye igazi okufanele liye ebuchosheni "liyantshontsha" lingaveli engalweni. Yingakho libizwa ngokuthi "ukuntshontsha."

Yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga yemithambo ye-subclavian? Wazi kanjani?

Uma kunenkinga nge-subclavian artery, izimpawu zingase zihluke kuye ngesifo esithinta yona. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile ezingabonakala:

• Umfutho wegazi engalweni eyodwa uphansi kakhulu kunangalweni enye.
• Ukushintsha kombala wezandla noma iminwe (njengokuphenduka kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma kube mhlophe).
• Ukuba ndikindiki, ubuhlungu, ubuthakathaka , noma umuzwa nje wento ethile esandleni.
• Ukuvuvukala kwesandla.
• Izandla azikwazi ukumelana nokubanda .
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu .
• Ngezinye izikhathi umkhuhlane ungavela (ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokuvuvukala njenge-Takayasu's arteritis).
• Ukuquleka (ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezifana ne-'Subclavian Steal Syndrome').

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo yomthambo we-subclavian?

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, uma ubona udokotela, cishe uzokwenza izivivinyo ezithile.

• Okokuqala, silinganisa umfutho wegazi ezingalweni zombili . Singabona ukuthi kukhona yini umehluko omkhulu.
• I-Vascular ultrasound : Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulula, okungenabuhlungu okungabheka indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo emithanjeni yegazi nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuvaleka.
• I- X-ray yesifuba .
• I-CT scan .
• Ukuhlolwa kwe -MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging – MRI) .
• I-Addison maneuver : Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokuhlola i- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome . Imisipha ye-scalene entanyeni yakho yeluliwe kanti i-radial pulse engalweni yakho ihlolwe ukuthi ayinciphile yini.
• I-AngiogramUkuhlolwa: Lena inqubo engavamile. Kufakwa into ekhethekile emithanjeni yegazi bese kuthathwa i-X-ray.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izinkinga zemithambo ye-subclavian?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma umthambo we-subclavian uncishisiwe noma uvalekile, kunezindlela zokwelapha ukuze uwubuyisele esimweni sawo esijwayelekile. Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuvula kabusha lo mthambo wegazi. Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo.

Isifo semithambo ye-subclavian (esibangelwa yi-'atherosclerosis')

• I-aspirin kanye nemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol .
• I-Angioplasty : Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ibhaluni elincane emthanjeni bese ulifutha endaweni lapho kuvimbeke khona, kususwe i-plaque eqongeleleke odongeni lomthambo. I- stent , isakhiwo esincane esifana ne-mesh, singabekwa endaweni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi ukuvimbeka kungaphinde kwenzeke.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass inqubo yokuhlinzwa edala indlela entsha yokuthi igazi ligeleze eduze kokuvaleka.

Isifo Se-Thoracic Outlet

• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba : Lokhu kusho ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuzivocavoca ukuze uzame ukunciphisa ingcindezi.
• Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala engeyona eye-steroidal (ama-NSAID) : Yehlisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.
• Imithi ye-Thrombolytic noma "imithi yokuqeda amahlule"
• Ama-anticoagulant : Imithi enikezwa ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi.
• Kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe imbangela yokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi.

I-arteritis kaTakayasu

• Ama-Corticosteroids : Yehlisa ukuvuvukala.
• Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba .
• Ukuvula umthambo wegazi ngokuhlinzwa noma nge-angioplasty .

Isifo Sokweba Se-Subclavian

• Ukwelashwa kwe-antiplatelet : Ukuvimbela ama-platelet egazi ukuthi angahlangani futhi akhe amahlule egazi.
• Ama-anticoagulant : Avimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass noma i-angioplasty .

Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine umthambo we-subclavian uphilile?

Njengoba nje unakekela inhliziyo yakho kanye nohlelo lonke lwenhliziyo, kufanele futhi unakekele umthambo wakho we-subclavian. Ukulandela lawa macebiso kuzokusiza kakhulu:

• Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho kanye namazinga e-cholesterol . Lezi yizitha ezimbili eziyinhloko ezonakalisa imithambo yegazi.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele. Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu emithanjeni yegazi.
• Zivocavoce njalo . Ukuhamba okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku nakho kuhle kakhulu.
• Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile . Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe emithanjeni yegazi.

Ngakho-ke, into yokugcina okufanele uyikhumbule...

Umthambo wakho we-subclavian uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wakho ongaphezulu, ohlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa kwegazi okubalulekile ukuze uhlale uphilile. Njengoba nje isihlahla sidinga amanzi, izingalo zethu, intamo, kanye nekhanda zidinga igazi eligeleza kulo mthambo wegazi.

Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca njalo kungasiza ekugcineni hhayi nje kuphela umthambo wakho we-subclavian kodwa nayo yonke eminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho iqinile. Ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wakho kungasiza nasekutholeni noma yiziphi izinkinga ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi kusenesikhathi. Uma ngokuzumayo uthola ukuthi omunye wemithambo yakho yegazi unciphile, ungesabi. Imithi ethuthukisiwe inezindlela zokwelapha ezidingekayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu.