Sonke siyazi ukuthi igazi ligeleza emizimbeni yethu, akunjalo? Leli gazi aligelezi nje kuphela ngenethiwekhi yamapayipi abizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi, afana namapayipi amanzi. Ngakho-ke wake wazibuza ukuthi ingaphakathi lala mapayipi libukeka kanjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengqimba yamaseli emangalisayo, emincane kakhulu ezungeze ingaphakathi lalawo mapayipi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-endothelium' . Lokhu akulona nje ulwelwesi, kuyisimiso samaseli amancane enza imisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu ethinta impilo yomzimba wakho wonke.
Kalula nje, iyini le endothelium?
Cabanga ukuthi yonke imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho igcwele ulwelwesi oluncane kakhulu nolubushelelezi, iseli elilodwa kuphela elijiyile, njengodonga. Leyo yi-endothelium. Yakhiwe uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngamaseli e-endothelial.
Le endothelium efanayo itholakala kulezi zindawo emzimbeni wakho:
- Imithambo: Imithambo emikhulu ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Imithambo: Imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi lisuka emzimbeni libuyele enhliziyweni.
- Ama-Capillaries: Imithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu, emincane.
- Ama-capillary e-lymph: Imikhumbi eyingxenye yesimiso sethu se-lymphatic.
Akuyona nje udonga. Isebenza njengesikhungo esikhulu sokushintshana kolwazi kanye nezakhamzimba phakathi kwegazi lakho kanye nezinye izicubu zomzimba wakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu, ososayensi manje babheka i-endothelium njengenye yezitho ezinkulu emizimbeni yethu. Yebo, iyisitho, njengesibindi nenhliziyo.
Iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa yi-endothelium emizimbeni yethu?
Umsebenzi owenziwe yile ngqimba encane yamaseli uyamangalisa. Ake sibheke eminye yemisebenzi eyinhloko.
Ilawula ukufinyela nokukhula kwemithambo yegazi
Imithambo yakho yegazi idinga ukunwebeka (i-vasodilate) uma kudingeka, futhi inciphe (i-vasoconstrict) uma kudingeka. Lokhu kulawulwa yi-endothelium.
Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela.
- Uma uzivocavoca: Imisipha yakho idinga igazi nomoya-mpilo owengeziwe. I-endothelium ithumela izimpawu zokwandisa imithambo yegazi kuleyo ndawo, okuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kalula.
- Ngosuku olubandayo kakhulu: Ufuna ukugcina umzimba wakho ushisa. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakho inciphe kancane, okusiza ukugcina igazi ligeleza liye ezithweni zakho eziyinhloko.
Ngale ndlela, kusiza kakhulu ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi lakho nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izitho zomzimba zithola inani elidingekayo legazi.
Ilawula inani loketshezi oluhamba lusuka egazini luye ezicutshini
I-endothelium ifana nesihlungi. Ivumela izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo ovela egazini ukuthi udlule uye ezicutshini, kuyilapho futhi isebenza njengesivikelo esivikela izinto eziyingozi kanye nobuthi ekungeneni kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, uma unegciwane, amangqamuzana ethu omzimba adinga ukuphuma egazini aye lapho kukhona khona ukutheleleka. Ngemuva kwalokho i-endothelium ngokwayo ivula indlela yokuthi lawo maseli afike lapho.
Kuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi (i-Thrombosis)
Ngokuvamile, amahlule egazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi ayingozi kakhulu, akunjalo? Angabangela izimo ezibucayi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi. I-endothelium enempilo ikhipha amakhemikhali akhethekile njenge-nitric oxide, agcina uketshezi lwegazi futhi avimbele ukujiya okungadingekile.
Ingakanani i-endothelium? Ikuphi emzimbeni wethu?
Uma othile ekubuza ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ikuphi, ukhomba esifubeni sakho. Uma othile ekubuza ukuthi ubuchopho bakho bukuphi, ukhomba ikhanda lakho. Kodwa uma othile ekubuza ukuthi ikuphi i-endothelium, ukhomba noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho. Kusakazeke kakhulu kuwo wonke umzimba.
Cabanga nje, uma yonke imithambo yegazi kumuntu ojwayelekile ibibekwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni, ibingaba amakhilomitha angaba yi-100,000 ubude! Lokho kwanele ukuhambahamba emhlabeni kabili. Futhi lobo bude bonke bumbozwe yile endothelium. Uma uthatha indawo yayo, ivame ukuba nkulu kunezinkundla eziningana zethenisi. Futhi, lolu hlelo lonke lwakhiwe ngamaseli endothelial angaphezu kwe-trillion (1,000,000,000,000).
Kuyini Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwe-Endothelial?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyinake sonke. 'Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwe-Endothelial' kusho ukuthi amaseli e-endothelial onakele futhi awakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo kahle. Kufana nokuthi i-asphalt emgwaqweni iphumile, okwenza kube nzima ngezimoto ukuqhubeka.
Lokhu kubuthakathaka kwe-endothelium kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sesifo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis , lapho ama-fat deposits akheka khona ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi futhi avimbe imithambo yegazi.
| Izitha eziyinhloko ezilimaza i-endothelium | Kwenzekani kuyo? |
|---|---|
| Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension) | Uma igazi ligeleza ngomfutho ophezulu, amaseli e-endothelial ayalimala, njengoba nje amanzi ageleza ngepayipi angaklwebha ngaphakathi. |
| I-cholesterol ephezulu (i-Hyperlipidemia) | Ikakhulukazi uma i-cholesterol "embi" (i-LDL) ikhuphuka, iqala ukunamathela kulezi zindonga ze-endothelial ezonakele. |
| Isifo Sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus) | Amazinga kashukela aphezulu egazini isikhathi eside alimaza ngqo amaseli e-endothelial. |
| Ukubhema | Izinkulungwane zamakhemikhali anobuthi entuthwini kagwayi zihlasela i-endothelium futhi ziphazamise ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwayo. |
| Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile | Ukuvuvukala okungapheli emzimbeni okubangelwa ukuntuleka komsebenzi womzimba kanye nokukhuluphala kulimaza i-endothelium. |
| Izifo Ezinzima | Ezifweni ezinzima njenge-COVID-19 kanye nezimo ezifana ne-sepsis, i-endothelium ingalimala kakhulu. |
Kwenzekani uma i-endothelium ngokwayo iba buthakathaka?
Uma i-endothelium yonakele, ubuso bayo obubushelelezi buba buqinile. I-cholesterol embi (LDL) iqala ukuqongelela kulezo zindawo eziqinile. Ngenxa yalokho, amaseli avela ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba ayafika aqongelele lapho. Konke lokhu kuyaqongelela, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakha 'ungqimba olunamafutha' (i-plaque) .
Njengoba lolu ngqimba olunamafutha lukhula, umthambo wegazi uyancipha usuka ngaphakathi. Lokhu-ke kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi. Uma ngolunye usuku lolu ngqimba olunamafutha luqhuma, ihlule legazi lingakheka kuleyo ndawo futhi livimbe ngokuphelele umthambo wegazi.
Ngakho-ke, umuntu one-endothelium ebuthakathaka angase abhekane nezici ezilandelayo eziyingozi:
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Isifo semithambo ye-coronary
- Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle
- Isifo sezinso
- Ukumelana ne-insulin
Ngakho-ke singayigcina kanjani le endothelium iphilile?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi singayivikela le endothelium eyigugu ngokushintsha indlela yethu yokuphila.
Kalula nje, imizimba yethu ikhiqiza uhlobo lwezinhlayiya ezimbi ezibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-free radicals' . Lezi zilimaza amangqamuzana ethu e-endothelial. Izinto ezinhle ezisiza ekuqedeni lezi zinhlayiya ezimbi zibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-antioxidants' . Ngakho-ke okudingeka sikwenze ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-free radicals ngokudla ukudla okucebile ngama-antioxidants.
Izinto ezinhle ongazenza
Yidla ukudla okuningi okucebile ngama-antioxidants.
- Imifino eluhlaza okotshani: isipinashi, i-kale, imifino eluhlaza okotshani.
- Izithelo nemifino enemibala egqamile: utamatisi, izaqathe, ama-beet, upelepele, amawolintshi, i-grapefruit.
- Okusanhlamvu okuphelele: ilayisi elinsundu, i-oats, kanye ne-millet.
- Amafutha anempilo: amafutha omnqumo, i-avokhado.
Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalolu hlobo lokudla (isib., ukudla kwaseMedithera) bese wenza izinguquko ezikufanele.
Izinto ezimbi okufanele uzigweme
Lezi zinto zandisa ama-free radical emzimbeni wakho.
- Ukubhema: Lesi yisitha sokuqala. Yeka namuhla.
- Ukudla okunoshukela omningi namaswidi: Lokhu kwandisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
- Ukudla okucutshunguliwe: Lokhu kungase kube namafutha namakhemikhali ayingozi.
- Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile.
- Ukungalali ngokwanele.
Futhi, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni ye-endothelium. Uma uzivocavoca, ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitric oxide kuyanda, okugcina imithambo yegazi yakho iphilile. Ngisho nento elula njengokuhamba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku ingenza umehluko omkhulu.
Uma usuvele unesifo sezokwelapha esifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, noma i-cholesterol, kubalulekile ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa lukadokotela wakho ngqo . Umgomo wale mithi ukulawula lezi zimo nokunciphisa umonakalo ku-endothelium yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-endothelium iwungqimba olubalulekile lwamangqamuzana olungabonakali, kodwa olunamandla kakhulu, oluhlanganisa ingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi yakho.
- Impilo yenhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi incike empilweni yale endothelium.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi ukubhema yizona izitha eziyinhloko zalokhu.
- Ungavikela lesi sitho esibalulekile ngokudla ukudla okunempilo okucebile ngemifino nezithelo ezintsha, nangokuzivocavoca njalo.
- Qaphela impilo yakho, thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha, futhi uma unezinkinga zempilo, xhumana nodokotela wakho bese ucela ukwelashwa okufanele.
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