Ingabe uzwa ubuhlungu noma uzwa izinhlungu ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba wakho? Ake sixoxe ngama-dermatomes!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani ngezinye izikhathi uba nokungezwani noma ubuhlungu engxenyeni efanayo yomzimba wakho? Noma uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuzwa lutho ezindaweni ezithile? Isizathu salezi zinto singase sihlobane nama -dermatomes omzimba wakho. Kulungile, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangendlela enesizotha.

Ziyini i-dermatomes?

Kalula nje, i-dermatome yindawo ethile yesikhumba emzimbeni wakho. Le ndawo ixhunywe ngqo nomthambo othile womgogodla emgogodleni wakho. Cabanga ngakho lo mthambo womgogodla uyindlela eyinhloko yokuxhumana ethwala ulwazi oluvela kulowo mthambo luye ebuchosheni bakho, futhi luvela ebuchosheni bakho lubuyele kuleyo ndawo.

Kufana nomgwaqo onezindlela ezimbili. Ubuchopho bakho buthumela izimpawu kuma-dermatomes, lapho ungalawula khona imisipha yakho. Futhi imizwa kuma-dermatomes ithumela izimpawu ebuchosheni, lapho uzwa khona izinto ezifana nokuthinta, ukushisa, ukubanda, nobuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha, lokhu kuxhumana kungakhawulelwa ohlangothini olulodwa, noma kunqanyulwe ngokuphelele.

Kungani ama-dermatome ebalulekile kuwe nakudokotela wakho?

Ama-dermatome uhlobo lwezicubu ezinikeza odokotela izinkomba ezibalulekile lapho bezama ukuxilonga noma ukwelapha izifo ezithile. Ukuze uqonde lokhu, cabanga ngomgogodla wakho njengomgwaqo omkhulu. Lo mgwaqo omkhulu yilapho inani elikhulu lezimpawu zemizwa lihamba khona phakathi komzimba wakho nobuchopho bakho.

Imizwa yakho yomgogodla ifana nemigwaqo evulekile nengaphandle kwalomgwaqo omkhulu. Yilapho izimpawu zemizwa zingena futhi ziphuma khona. Ngakho-ke, uma ungakwazi ukulawula imisipha yakho engxenyeni ethile yomzimba wakho, noma ungazizwa ukushisa, ukuthinta, noma ubuhlungu, lokho kusho ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngemithambo yomgogodla. Kunjengokungathi imigwaqo evulekile nengaphandle ivaliwe, futhi akukho zimpawu ezingenayo noma eziphumayo.

Ama-dermatome ayinkomba ebalulekile esiza odokotela ukuthola ukuthi kunenkinga yini ngamathambo omgogodla wakho, intambo yomgogodla, imizwa yomgogodla, noma amagatsha ezinzwa axhumene nawo. Kuye ngokuthi i-dermatome noma ama-dermatome athintekile, odokotela banganquma izimo ezithile futhi bathole efanele ukukusiza ngokushesha okukhulu.

Zitholakala kuphi izimila?

Ama-dermatome yizindawo zesikhumba sakho ezigcinwa yizinzwa ezixhumanisa nomgogodla wakho. Lokho kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho wonke umbozwe yizinzwa, ngaphandle kobuso bakho. Izinzwa ezisebusweni bakho zihlukile kancane, ngoba azidluli ngomgogodla wakho.

Futhi, ngenxa yendlela imizwa emhlane wakho exhumene ngayo, kukhona ukufana okuthile, okusho ukuthi ezinye izindawo ziyahlangana, phakathi kwe-dermatome eyodwa kanye ne-dermatome yayo eseduze.Ngakho-ke, umuzwa owuzwayo ku-dermatome ethile uhamba ngemithambo eminingana yomgogodla ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ama-dermatome atholakala kanjani, okokuqala udinga ukwazi okuncane ngesimo somzimba womgogodla. Umgogodla wakho wakhiwe yinqwaba yamathambo amancane (ama-vertebrae) axhumene. Imizwa yakho yomgogodla, ehlukana ibe yizinhlangothi zangakwesokudla nesobunxele, iphuma ngezikhala eziphakathi kwala ma-vertebrae.

Kunezingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zomgogodla wakho:

• Umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho: Lokhu kutholakala entanyeni yakho. Kuqukethe amathambo ayisikhombisa kanye nezimbili zezinzwa zomgogodla.
• Umgogodla wesifuba: Yilapho umhlane wakho ongaphezulu nophakathi wakhiwe khona. Uqukethe amathambo ayishumi nambili kanye nama-pair ayishumi nambili emizwa yomgogodla.
• Umgogodla we-Lumbar: Lokhu kutholakala emhlane wakho ongezansi, noma emhlane ongezansi. Kuqukethe amathambo amahlanu kanye nezimbobo ezinhlanu zemizwa yomgogodla.
• Umgogodla we-Sacral: Lena yingxenye yomgogodla wakho exhumanisa nethambo lakho lesinqe. Kunezinhlungu zamathambo ezinhlanu lapha (lezi zivame ukuhlangana njengoba ukhula), futhi kunezinhlungu zamathambo zomgogodla ezinhlanu.
• Umgogodla we-coccygeal: Yilapho ithambo lakho lomsila (i-coccyx) lakheka khona. Linamathambo amane angemuva - lawa avame ukuhlangana ndawonye lapho umuntu ekhula - kanye nemithambo yomgogodla emibili.

Odokotela babhekisela emigudwini yomgogodla besebenzisa inhlanganisela yohlamvu nenombolo. Isibonelo, umthambo womgogodla wesishiyagalombili womlomo wesibeletho ufushaniswa ngokuthi `C8`. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kohlamvu nenombolo kungabhekisela nasezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona ama-dermatome.

Ama-dermatome ahlobene nomgogodla wesibeletho

Imizwa emgogodleni wakho wesibeletho ixhumana nama-dermatomes ekhanda lakho, entanyeni, emahlombe, ezingalweni naseminweni.

• C1: Iningi labantu alinawo umthambo womgogodla i-`C1`, okusho ukuthi abanawo i-`C1` dermatome. Kulabo abanawo, utholakala phakathi nengemuva lekhanda.
• Kusukela ku-C2 kuya ku-C3: Ingxenye engenhla yentamo, indawo encane yesilevu ngaphansi kwezindlebe, kanye nengemuva lekhanda.
• C3 kuya ku-C4: Intamo engezansi, isifuba esingaphezulu, kanye nomhlane ongaphezulu.
• C4 kuya ku-C5: Ihlombe kanye nengalo engenhla.
• C5 kuya ku-C6: Uhlangothi lwesithupha lwengalo nengalo, kanye nesithupha uqobo.
• C6 kuya ku-C7: Uhlangothi lwesithupha lwengalo kanye nomunwe wokukhomba, umunwe ophakathi.
• C6 kuya ku-C8: Uhlangothi lomunwe omncane lwengalo nesandla, kanye nomunwe wendandatho nomunwe omncane.

Ama-dermatome ahlobene nomgogodla wesifuba

Ama-dermatome akho asesifubeni atholakala kakhulu esiqwini sakho, okuyisifuba sakho, isisu, kanye nomhlane. Ngaphandle kwama-dermatome `T1` (asezingalweni zakho zonke) kanye ne-`T2` (esezingalweni zakho zombili nasesiqwini), amanye ama-dermatome asesifubeni atholakala endandatho ezungeze isiqwini sakho.

• Kusukela ku-T1 kuya ku-T2: Uhlangothi lomunwe omncane lwebunzi nengalo, isifuba kanye nendawo yangemuva ngaphezu kwamakhwapha.
• I-T2 kuya ku-T3: Uhlangothi lomunwe omncane lwengalo engenhla, kanye nesifuba esingaphezulu kanye nomhlane, ngaphezu nje kwamakhwapha kanye namahlombe.
• Kusuka ku-T3 kuya ku-T4: Isifuba nomhlane ezingeni lekhwapha kanye nehlombe eliphakathi.
• I-T4 kuya ku-T5: Unqenqema olungezansi lwemisipha yesifuba kanye nengxenye engezansi yamahlombe.
• T6 kuya ku-T7: Ezingeni lonqenqema olungezansi lwe-sternum/ithambo lesifuba.
• T7 kuya ku-T8: Ezingeni lamaphethelo engxenye ephansi kakhulu yekheji lezimbambo.
• T8 kuya ku-T9: Ingxenye engenhla yesisu, okuhlanganisa nezingxenye ezingenhla zemisipha yesisu.
• Ku-T9 kuya ku-T10: Ngaphezulu kancane futhi ezingeni lenkaba, kanye nasengxenyeni ephezulu nephakathi yomhlane.
• T10 kuya ku-T11: Ezingeni le-rib cage nangaphansi kancane kwalo, naphakathi nendawo yomhlane ophakathi.
• I-T11 kuya ku-T12: Ingxenye ephansi kakhulu yesisu, ngaphezu nje kwezinga lamathambo esinqe (i-pelvis), kanye nengxenye engezansi yomhlane ophakathi.

Ama-dermatome ahlotshaniswa nomgogodla we-lumbar

Ama-dermatome emgogodleni wakho we-lumbar axhumana nezindawo ezinqeni zakho, emilenzeni nasezinyaweni.

• L1 kuya ku-L2: Phezulu kwezinqe, indawo ye-pubic, umhlane wakho omncane, kanye nezitho zangasese (`(penis)`, `(testicles)`, `(vagina)`).
• L2 kuya ku-L3: Imisipha ethangeni eliphezulu kanye ne-groin, kanye nengxenye ephakathi yomhlane ongezansi.
• Kusuka ku-L3 kuya ku-L4: Imisipha engaphambili nangaphandle kwethanga (ama-quadriceps), i-kneecap, umphetho wangaphandle womlenze ngaphezu kwedolo, kanye nomhlane ophakathi kuya phansi.
• Kusukela ku-L4 kuya ku-L5: I-kneecap kanye nengaphambili ledolo, izinhlangothi zangaphakathi zemisipha yethole kanye nobuso bonyawo obuphakathi nendawo yangaphambili, okuhlanganisa uzwane olukhulu kanye nozwane lwesibili nolwesithathu.

Ama-dermatome ahlotshaniswa ne-sacral kanye ne-coccygeal vertebrae

Ama-dermatome e-triceps vertebrae yakho ahlanganisa izindawo zama-buttocks akho kanye nangemuva kwemilenze yakho. Ama-triceps vertebrae anomthambo owodwa womgogodla, ngakho-ke ane-dermatome eyodwa kuphela ehlobene nawo.

• S1 kuya ku-S2: Ingxenye ephezulu yezinqe (kufaka phakathi i-gluteal cleft), ingxenye ephakathi nendawo yangaphandle yethanga kanye nemisipha yethole, ingxenye engemuva yeqakala, kanye nezinzwane zesine nezesihlanu.
• S2 kuya ku-S3: Indawo eqondile egeleza phakathi kwezinqe, lokhu kwehlela phansi ngengxenye engaphakathi-ephakathi yangemuva kwethanga kanye nengxenye ephezulu-ephakathi yemisipha yethanga.
• S3 nangaphansi:Yonke imithambo yomgogodla kusukela ku-S3 kuya phansi (kufaka phakathi imithambo yakho yomgogodla ye-sacral) ixhuma ezithweni zakho zobulili, endunu, kanye nendawo yesikhumba phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili (i-perineum).

Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta ama-dermatomes?

Nakuba ama-dermatome kuyizindawo zesikhumba, izimo eziwathintayo zivame ukubangelwa izinkinga ezijulile emzimbeni wakho. Lezi zinkinga zithinta ama-dermatome ngoba zithinta imizwa ethile yomgogodla noma umgogodla kuleyo ndawo. Kulesi simo, yize umonakalo ulinganiselwe endaweni elinganiselwe kakhulu, imiphumela isakazeka kuwo wonke ama-dermatome athintekile.

Ezinye zezimo ezingabangela lolu hlobo lomonakalo noma umthelela yilezi:

• Ukulimala: Impande eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yemizwa yomgogodla, noma i-dermatomes eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ingathinteka ukulimala komgogodla wakho. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu kulimala izingozi zezimoto, ukulimala okujulile okufana namanxeba okugwazwa noma amanxeba okudutshulwa, kanye nokuphuka komgogodla ngenxa yokuwa. Ukulimala ekuzalweni noma emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okuphila nakho kungabangela lokhu (isibonelo , i-cerebral palsy ).
• Izimila zomgogodla, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza: Lokhu kungaba umdlavuza okhula emgogodleni noma ozungeze umgogodla, noma kungaba umdlavuza oqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni bese usakazekela emgogodleni.
• Ama-cyst noma imigodi egcwele uketshezi: Uma lokhu kwakheka eduze komgogodla, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-syringomyelia .
• Izifo: Lokhu kungahlasela ngqo intambo yomgogodla kanye nezimpande zemizwa, noma kungabangela ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala. Njengoba kungekho ndawo enkulu yokuvuvukala eduze kwentambo yomgogodla wakho, lokho kuvuvukala kungabeka ingcindezi enkulu kakhulu emithanjeni yomgogodla noma emgogodleni uqobo.
• I-Ischemia: Njengazo zonke ezinye izicubu emzimbeni, intambo yakho yomgogodla kanye nemithambo yomgogodla zidinga igazi. Ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi kunganqanyulwa umthambo wegazi ovalekile noma ukuqhekeka komthambo wegazi.
• Izimo zokuzalwa: Lezi yizimo ozalwa nazo. Ezinye izimo zokuzalwa zithinta isakhiwo somgogodla wakho, umgogodla, noma imizwa yomgogodla. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne -myelomeningocele noma i-spina bifida .

Yiziphi izici ezivamile zezifo ezithinta ama-dermatomes?

Izifo ezithinta ama-dermatomes zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa noma umgogodla wakho. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungabangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene . Lezi zimpawu zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Izimpawu zemisipha (ezihlobene nokunyakaza)
• Izimpawu zokuzwa (ezihlobene nokuthinta)
• Izimpawu zokuzimela (ezihlobene nezinqubo zomzimba ezizenzakalelayo)

Izimpawu zemoto

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka.
• Ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungalawulwa ( kungaba ukungasebenzi kwemisipha noma umsebenzi ongalawulwa).
• Ukuwohloka kwemisipha ( ukulahlekelwa yimisipha kanye nokuncipha ngenxa yokungasetshenziswa).

Izimpawu zokuzwa

• Ukuba ndikindiki (Ukuqaqamba).
• Ukuba ndikindiki.
• Ubuhlungu.

Izimpawu zokuzimela

Izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo yimisebenzi yomzimba eyenzeka njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyacabanga ngakho noma cha. Le misebenzi ibalulekile ngoba isiza ekugcineni nasekulawuleni umzimba wakho. Uma umonakalo uphazamisa imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo eya ku-dermatome, ungase ube nezimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi umzimba wakho awukwazi ukulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo kuleyo ndawo. Isibonelo:

• Ukujuluka ngokweqile (i-Hyperhidrosis) noma ukuntuleka kokujuluka (i-Anhidrosis).
• Izinkinga zokulawula imisipha esinyeni sakho noma emathunjini, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukulawula ukuchama kwakho (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba umchamo) noma ukuphuma kwendle (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba indle).
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezingasetshenziswa ukuhlola izinkinga ezihlobene nama-dermatomes?

Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezingasetshenziswa ukuxilonga noma ukuxilonga izinkinga ngemizwa yakho yomgogodla kanye nama-dermatome ahlobene nawo. Izivivinyo ezivame kakhulu izivivinyo ze-imaging kanye nezivivinyo zokuqhuba imizwa. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT (i-computed tomography (CT) scans).
• Izikena ze-MRI (izikena ze-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)).
• Ukuskena kwe-Cisternogram.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electromyogram (EMG).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zesikhumba?

Ukwelashwa kwezimo ezithinta imizwa yomgogodla kanye nama-dermatome ahambisana nawo kuncike esimweni esiyisisekelo kanye nezimo ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yokuthi izinketho zokwelapha zingahluka kakhulu, udokotela ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kuwe nokuthi yiziphi ezingcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unenkinga.

Yini ongayenza ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezihlobene nama-dermatomes?

Ama-dermatome afana nezinkomba zendlela intambo yakho yomgogodla kanye nemithambo yomgogodla esebenza ngayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uzinakekele, udinga ukunakekela umgogodla wakho kuqala. Khumbula lezi zinto mayelana nempilo yentambo yakho yomgogodla kanye nemithambo yomgogodla:

• Sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha, njengebhande lesihlalo, njengoba kunconywa. Izingozi zezimoto ziyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulimala komgogodla. Amabhande esihlalo kanye namanye amadivayisi okuphepha angasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okukhulu.
• Phakamisa ngokuphephile. Ukuphakamisa ngemilenze yakho kunokuphakamisa umhlane wakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala komgogodla wakho kanye nemithambo yomgogodla (njengediski elihlungiwe) . Uma unomlando wezinkinga zomhlane, ikakhulukazi uma wenza umsebenzi odinga ukuphakamisa, noma uma uphakamisa izinsimbi zokuzivocavoca, kungadingeka ugqoke i-brace yokusekela umhlane.
• Qaphela kakhulu uma usebenzisa izibhamu. Ukudubula kuyimbangela evamile yokulimala komgogodla. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu uma usebenzisa izibhamu nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Ngisho noma uqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi azilayishwanga, ziphathe njengokungathi zilayishiwe. Futhi, izibhamu kufanele zigcinwe zingalayishiwe, zikhiyelwe nge-trigger, futhi zingafinyeleli ezinganeni. Kuwukuhlakanipha futhi ukugcina izinhlamvu endaweni ehlukile, ekhiyiwe, nekhiyiwe.
• Thatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuwa. Imishini yokuphepha, ikakhulukazi amabhande okuphepha, ibalulekile uma usebenza endaweni ephakeme. Izinyathelo kufanele futhi zithathwe ukuvimbela ukuwa ekhaya, ikakhulukazi ezitebhisini nasezindlini zangasese. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukufaka izikhonkwane, ukusebenzisa izicathulo ezingasheleli kanye nephansi, kanye nokususa izingozi ezikhubekayo ezitebhisini.
• Beka impilo yamathambo kuqala. Izimo ezihlobene nokulahlekelwa amathambo, njenge -osteoporosis kanye ne-osteopenia, zingaholela ekuqhekekeni komgogodla. Lokhu kuqhekeka kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu emgogodleni kanye nasezinzwa zomgogodla.
• Ukuma kahle komzimba kubalulekile. Ukuma kabi komzimba, kungaba ukuhlala noma ukuma, kungabeka ukucindezeleka okungadingekile emhlane wakho. Lokhu kungabeka ingcindezi emgogodleni wakho kanye nasezinzwa zomgogodla. Isibonelo i-nerve ecindezelwe .

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule kulesi sihloko

Ama-dermatome afana nemephu yomgogodla wakho kanye nezinzwa eziningi ezixhumene nawo, ezikutshela ngempilo kanye nokusebenza komzimba wakho. Kubantu abaningi, ama-dermatome angenye nje incazelo yokuthi umzimba usebenza kanjani, futhi abacabangi ngayo nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. Kodwa-ke, ama-dermatome ayindlela eyinhloko yokuthi odokotela baxilonge izinkinga zempilo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nomgogodla, umgogodla, kanye nezinzwa zomgogodla. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela nokugcina impilo yomgogodla wakho kungakusiza ugweme izimo ezingathinta ama-dermatome omzimba wakho. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uyawunakekela umzimba wakho futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha uma uzizwa noma yini engavamile.

'Ama-dermatome, imizwa yomgogodla, ukuzwa kwesikhumba, imizwa yomgogodla, izinkinga zemizwa, ubuhlungu, ukungazweli