Sonke siyazi ukuthi inhliziyo iyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Njengenjini yemoto, uma inhliziyo ima, konke kuphelile. Ngakho-ke, ukuze le nhliziyo isebenze njalo, idinga nokutholakala kwegazi okuhle, okungukuthi, idinga ukuqhubeka nokuthola umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba. Phakathi kwemithambo yegazi eyenza lo msebenzi obalulekile, kukhona umthambo wegazi owodwa okhethekile nobaluleke kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma lokhu kuvinjiwe, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okwenzekayo kuba kubi kakhulu kangangokuthi kubizwa nangokuthi "uMfelokazi". Namuhla sikhuluma ngalowo mthambo wegazi obaluleke kakhulu, i-Left Anterior Descendeng Artery (LAD).
Kalula nje, iyini le LAD?
Cabanga ngenhliziyo yethu njengendlu. Kunemibhobho emibili emikhulu eletha amanzi kule ndlu. Yimithambo yenhliziyo eyinhloko ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni yethu. Esohlangothini lwesobunxele lwale mithambo emibili eyinhloko (i-Left Main Coronary Artery) ihlukana ibe amagatsha amabili ayinhloko. Elinye lalawo magatsha amabili, futhi elikhulu kunawo wonke futhi elibaluleke kakhulu, yi- Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery .
Ake sichaze incazelo yaleli gama:
- Kwesobunxele: Lokho kusho ukuthi lokhu kungakwesobunxele.
- Ngaphambili: Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunikeza igazi ngaphambili kwenhliziyo.
- Ukwehla: Lokhu kusho ukuthi lo mthambo wegazi uhamba usuka phezulu kwenhliziyo uye phansi.
Kalula nje, i-LAD iwumthambo wegazi oyinhloko ogeleza ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo, phambi kwayo . Ihlinzeka ngegazi elicebile kakhulu emoyeni egumbini lokupompa lenhliziyo, i-ventricle yesobunxele. Iphinde ihlinzeke nge-septum, udonga lwemisipha oluhlukanisa amakamelo enhliziyo.
Uma lo mthambo we-LAD uvaleka ngokuphelele, ingxenye enkulu yenhliziyo ivalwa ngokuzumayo ekuhlinzekweni kwegazi. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okubangelwa yilokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu. Yingakho odokotela bebiza lesi simo ngokuthi "Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo Kwabafelokazi."
Umsebenzi oyinhloko nendawo ye-LAD
Umthambo we-LAD uyingxenye yesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu. Lona umthambo omkhulu wenhliziyo ohlinzeka ngegazi ezinhliziyweni zethu. Cabanga nje, cishe u-50% wegazi eliphelele elinikezwa imisipha yenhliziyo linikezwa yilo mthambo wegazi owodwa. Ungacabanga ukuthi lokhu kubaluleke kangakanani, akunjalo?
Itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-epicardium, ungqimba lwangaphandle oluvikelayo lwenhliziyo. Iqala kusukela phezulu kwenhliziyo iye phansi, engxenyeni efana nomsele odongeni lwenhliziyo.
Yimaphi amagatsha aqhamuka ku-LAD?
Lo mthambo oyinhloko uhlukana ube amagatsha amancane athwala igazi aye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zenhliziyo.
| Igama Legatsha | Indawo yokuhlinzeka ngegazi |
|---|---|
| Amagatsha aqondile | Ihlinzeka ngegazi ezingxenyeni zangaphambili nezingezansi ze-ventricle yesobunxele, okuyiphampu eyinhloko yenhliziyo. |
| Amagatsha aseSeptal | Ihlinzeka ngegazi engxenyeni engaphambili yezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zodonga lwemisipha (i-septum) ehlukanisa amakamelo enhliziyo. |
Yiziphi izimo ezithinta i-LAD?
Inkinga enkulu nevame kakhulu ethinta umthambo wegazi we-LAD yi -atherosclerosis . Kalula nje, kufana nokugqwala okwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi elidala. Izinto ezinamafutha, njenge-cholesterol, ezitholakala ekudleni esikudlayo, zakheka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi futhi zibe zijiyile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-plaque'. Njengoba le plaque ikhula, ukugeleza kwegazi kuba kuncane.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le plaque ingaqhuma, yakhe ihlule legazi elingavimba ngokuphelele umthambo wegazi. Uma lokhu kuvimbeka kwenzeka ku-LAD, indawo enkulu yenhliziyo ilahlekelwa umoya-mpilo futhi imisipha yenhliziyo iqala ukufa. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okubangelwa ukuvimbeka ku-LAD kungaba kubi kakhulu.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, naphezu kwegama elithi "Widowmaker," lokhu akugcini nje kwabesilisa. Lesi simo senhliziyo esibi singathinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane ngokulinganayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bazalwa bene-LAD artery encane kakhulu noma emfushane. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoplastic left anterior descending artery. Nakuba lesi kuyisimo esingavamile kakhulu, singandisa ingozi yalokhu:
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia)
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Ukuntuleka kwegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo (i-Myocardial ischemia)
- Ukufa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuvaleka kwe-LAD?
Ukuvaleka noma ukuncipha komthambo we-LAD kungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina). Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi sonke siqaphele izimpawu ezivelayo uma kwenzeka kuvaleka ngokuphelele, okuwukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlangabezana nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, zibheke njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Shayela i-1990 Ambulance Service ngaphandle kokulibala noma uye esibhedlela i-Emergency Department (ETU) ngokushesha.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki (i-Angina) | Ubuhlungu obuzwakala buqinile, buncipha, njengobunzima bubekwa phakathi kwesifuba. |
| Ubuhlungu obuphuma engalweni yesobunxele, ehlombe, entanyeni, noma emhlathini | Ubuhlungu besifuba bungasakazekela kulezi zindawo. |
| Ukujuluka ngokweqile okungazelelwe | Ukujuluka ngaphandle kwesizathu, njengokungathi umzimba uyabanda. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuzizwa ucindezelekile, kunzima ukuphefumula. |
| Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ubuthakathaka | Lesi simo singabangelwa ukwehla komfutho wegazi. |
| Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (ukushaya kwenhliziyo) | Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Lesi sibonakaliso sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kanye nabantu abanesifo sikashukela. |
| Ukukhathala ngokweqile kanye nobuthakathaka | Ukukhathala ngokweqile ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
Odokotela bayihlola kanjani impilo ye-LAD?
Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlola isimo semithambo yakho yenhliziyo. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola lokhu.
| Ukuhlolwa | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Catheterization Yenhliziyo (i-Angiogram) | Kudluliswa ipayipi elincane emthanjeni wegazi engalweni noma emlenzeni, kufakwe idayi ekhethekile, bese kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umthambo wegazi uvaliwe yini. |
| I-Coronary CT Angiogram (CCTA) | I-CT scan ekhethekile ithatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D). |
| I-Ultrasound Yemithambo Yegazi (IVUS) | Idivayisi encane yokuskena idluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi bese kuhlolwa ingaphakathi lodonga lomthambo. |
| I-Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) | Ingcindezi engaphakathi komthambo wegazi ilinganiswa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi kungakanani ukugeleza kwegazi okuvinjiwe ngenxa yokuvaleka. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukuvaleka kwe-LAD?
Uma kukhona ukuvaleka okukhulu emthanjeni we-LAD, odokotela bazowelapha ukuze bawuvule kabusha. Indlela evame kakhulu i-angioplasty kanye nokufakwa kwe-stent .
Okwenzekayo kulokhu, njenge-angiogram, ithubhu elincane lidlula emthanjeni wegazi liye endaweni evalekile. Ngokufaka ibhaluni elincane ekugcineni kwethubhu, i-plaque evalekile icindezelwa odongeni lomthambo, okwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Angioplasty".
Bese kuthi, ukuze indawo ebanzi inganciphi futhi, kufakwa ithubhu elincane lensimbi (i-stent) elenziwe njenge-mesh kuleyo ndawo. Le "stent" igcina umthambo wegazi uvulekile. Kuye ngokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa ngokushesha kangakanani uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, umonakalo enhliziyweni ungancishiswa.
Ngingayigcina kanjani inhliziyo yami iphilile?
Bathi, “Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha.” Ngakho-ke, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza sonke ukuvikela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi yethu ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke isimo esibi njengalesi.
- Yamukela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Nciphisa ukudla kwakho i-cholesterol nokudla okunamafutha (ukudla okuthosiwe, ukudla okusheshayo, kanye nenyama enamafutha). Faka izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, izinhlanzi ezincane, namantongomane ekudleni kwakho.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo: Yenza uhlobo oluthile lokuzivocavoca, njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili, okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto. Lokhu kuzosiza ekulawuleni isisindo sakho, i-cholesterol, kanye nomfutho wegazi.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo sobude bakho kuwusizo olukhulu enhliziyweni yakho.
- Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele: Uma ubhema, thola usizo lokuyeka namuhla. Kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngenhliziyo yakho.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Kungcono ukuyeka ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele.
- Lawula isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu: Uma unesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu, thatha imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Nciphisa ukudla kwakho usawoti.
- Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Gcina impilo yengqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana ne-yoga nokuzindla.
Ukwenza lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila kuzosiza ukugcina umzimba wakho wonke uphilile, hhayi nje umthambo wakho we-LAD. Uma unenkinga ngempilo yenhliziyo yakho, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umthambo wegazi ongaphansi kwesobunxele (i-LAD) uwumthambo wegazi oyinhloko nobaluleke kakhulu ohlinzeka ngegazi ezinhliziyweni zethu.
- Lokhu kuvinjelwa kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ("Widowmaker") okungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kusongela impilo.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukujuluka ngokweqile. Kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Ungayivikela inhliziyo yakho ngokudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukugwema ukubhema, nokulawula isifo sikashukela/umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Uma unenkinga ngempilo yenhliziyo yakho noma izinto eziyingozi, ungalokothi unqikaze ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
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