Ake sifunde ngengxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yakho yokugaya ukudla: i-rectum.

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye yomzimba wethu ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi enganakwa. Leyo yi-rectum, noma ngesiNgisi, i-rectum. Lena yingxenye ekugcineni kwesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini, isebenza kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izifo ezingabangelwa yiyo.

Iyini i-rectum?

Kalula nje, i-rectum yakho yingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu akho amakhulu. Uyazi, amathumbu amakhulu ayipayipi elide. Yilapho kukhona khona i-colon, i-rectum, kanye ne-anus. I-rectum yakho iyi -intshi yokugcina engu-6 yalokhu. Bese kuqala umsele wendunu. Lena yindawo yokugcina yokudla esikudlayo ngaphambi kokuba kudlule emizimbeni yethu futhi ekugcineni kuphume njengemfucuza. Lapho imfucuza esele ekugayweni kokudla, okubizwa ngokuthi indle, ifika endunu isuka emathunjini, iqoqana lapho kuze kube yilapho imizwa isitshela ukuthi siye endlini yangasese.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kweColon neRectum?

I-rectum yakho iqala lapho i-colon yakho iphela khona. Zombili zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo. Okungukuthi, izendlalelo zemisipha, izendlalelo zezicubu, izindlala ezikhipha futhi zimunce izinto ngaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, i-colon iba yinde kakhulu. Futhi, ukudla kuyaqhubeka nokugaywa njengoba kudlula ku-colon. Kodwa lapho kufika endunu yakho, sekuvele kube yimfucuza eqinile, noma indle. Lokho okwenziwa yi-anus yakho ukubamba le mfucuza isikhashana, ukumunca amanzi amaningi kanye nama-electrolyte akuqukethe, bese uyigcina kuze kube yisikhathi sokuyikhipha.

Ngakho-ke umehluko uyini phakathi kwe-rectum ne-anus?

Umsele wendunu uqala ekugcineni kwe-rectum yakho. Kungamasentimitha ambalwa okugcina emathunjini akho amakhulu. Indunu yilapho kutholakala khona imisipha ebalulekile elawula ukunyakaza kwamathumbu akho, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-anal sphincters . Yilokhu okusivumela ukuthi sibambe futhi siphume indle noma nini lapho sifuna khona.

I-rectum isebenza kanjani ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-rectum ukuqoqa nokubamba indle yakho kuze kube yisikhathi sokuyidlulisa. I-rectum yakho iyakhululeka futhi yelule ukuze ivumelane nemfucuza evela emathunjini akho, njengebhaluni. Lokho kusho ukuthi ivula indawo yayo. Uma ubamba indle yakho ngale ndlela, i-rectum imunca amanzi asele kanye nama-electrolyte akuyo, okwenza ibe nkulu kancane. Iphinde ikhiphe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-mucus ukusiza indle idlule kalula. Uma lokhu kugcwele, imizwa ithumela isignali ebuchosheni yokuthi udinga ukuya endlini yangasese manje. Yilapho-ke esizizwa khona isidingo.

Ikuphi i-rectum?

Amathumbu akho amakhulu atholakala eduze kwamathumbu amancane, ezinhlangothini zomgodi wesisu. I-rectum itholakala ekugcineni kwaleli thumba elikhulu, ngaphansi kwezinye izitho esiswini, futhi igobile ngasemngxunyeni wendunu. Ukuze kube sobala, itholakala emgodini wendunu, okuyindawo yakho yesisu, phakathi kwemisipha yephansi lendunu. Ingxenye engenhla ye-rectum ixhunywe kukholoni ye-sigmoid, kanti ingxenye engezansi ixhunywe ku-anus.

I-rectum ide kangakanani?

I-rectum ivame ukuba phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-10 kuya kwangu-15 ubude. Lokho kungaba ngamasentimitha angu-5 noma ayisithupha. Kodwa lena ikhethekile. Uma imisipha isebenza ukusunduza indle ngaphandle, ingafinyela futhi ifushane, njengethoyizi elithambile. Njengawo wonke amathumbu amakhulu, ingaba ngamasentimitha angu-3 ububanzi. Lokho cishe kuyingxenye yobubanzi bayo. Kodwa inganwebeka, noma inwebeke, ukuze igcine indle eningi okwesikhashana, njengendawo yokugcina amanzi.

Yiziphi izingxenye ze-rectum?

I-rectum imise okwe-'S' encane. Inamagobe amabili. Ukugoba okuphezulu, okubizwa ngokuthi i-sacral flexure , kulandela ukugoba komgogodla wakho. Ukugoba okuphansi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-anorectal flexure , kuphawula ukuguquka kusuka ku-rectum kuya endunu. Lokhu kugoba kukusiza ukulawula ukunyakaza kwakho kwamathumbu (continence).

I-rectum nayo ihlukaniswe ngezigaba, njengezembungu. Lezi zigaba zihlukaniswa ngokugoqa okuvundlile ngaphakathi kwe-inside lining, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-valve aseHouston .

La makamelo amathathu noma amane ku-rectum alawula ukudlula kwendle. Igumbi lokugcina libizwa ngokuthi i-rectal ampulla . Lena yindawo yokugcina yokugcina ngaphambi kokuba indle iphume. Uma leli gumbi seligcwele, ama-stretch receptors odongeni lwe-rectum atshela uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba nokunyakaza kwamathumbu. Njengoba ingcindezi ikhula, kuba nzima ukuzibamba , uyazi?

Yiziphi izifo nezimo ezivamile ezithinta i-rectum?

Izifo ze-rectum zingathinta ulwelwesi, imisipha, noma imizwa engaphakathi kwe-rectum. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza okuvamile. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu :

• I-Proctitis: Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwe-rectum, okungabangela ukuvuvukala nokubomvu. Kungabangelwa okwesikhashana yizifo ezithile, ikakhulukazi izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs). Kungabangelwa futhi yisifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD).I-proctitis engapheli ingenzeka futhi ngenxa yezifo zesikhathi eside ezifana nalezi:
• Izilonda zangemuva: Lezi yizilonda ezibuhlungu nezivulekile. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zilonda zingopha igazi.
• Ithumba le-Perianal: Leli yiqhubu elibuhlungu, eligcwele ubomvu elakheka endunu, embotsheni yendunu, noma endaweni ezungezile (i-perineum).
• Ama-polyp e-Colorectal: Ama-polyp amancane, anenyama (ama-polyp) emathunjini amancane kanye nase-rectum avamile. Akuwona njalo ayingozi. Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-polyp angakhula abe umdlavuza we-colorectal.
• Ukwehla kwemisipha ye-rectal: Ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha ebamba i-rectum endaweni yayo, i-rectum ingawela phansi iphumele emgodini we-anal, njenge-telescope.
• I-Levator syndrome: Lesi simo sithola igama laso emsipheni we-levator ani obamba i-anus endaweni yayo. Sibangela ubuhlungu ngezikhathi ezithile e-anus. Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi sibangelwa ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba kwendle: Izinkinga ngemisipha noma imizwa e-rectum zingenza kube nzima ukubamba indle. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvuzeni noma ekuvuzeni indle ngokuphelele.
• Ukuzikhulula okuvalekile: Ubunzima bokuphuma kwendle kungabangelwa izici zomzimba nezengqondo. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuncipha kwemizwa e-rectum noma ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kwemisipha, njengokungasebenzi kahle kwephansi le-pelvic .
• Ukuqunjelwa kanye nokushaywa yindle: Ubunzima bokukhipha indle nokungaphumi ngokwanele kwendle kungabangela ukwakheka kwamatshe endle futhi abhajwe e-rectum.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona inkinga nge-rectum?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela mayelana nempilo yakho yangemuva:

• Ukubona amabala egazi ezimpahleni zakho zangaphansi noma endlini yangasese (Ukuphuma kwegazi endukwini).
• Ubuhlungu be-anorectum, noma ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi noma ethangeni.
• Ukuluma kwembobo yendunu noma izimpawu zokutheleleka eduze kwembobo yendunu.
• Izinguquko ezindleleni, isibonelo, ushintsho kumbala wendle, ukuqina, noma imvamisa.
• Umuzwa ovamile wokudinga ukuyokhipha indle (tenesmus) , noma ubunzima nobuhlungu lapho uphuma endlini yangasese (dyschezia) .
• Isigaxa senyama esiphuma endunu (ukwehla kwesitho se-pelvic).

Odokotela bahlola kanjani impilo ye-rectum yami?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa odokotela abazisebenzisayo ukuhlola i-rectum. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Digital Rectal (DRE): Lokhu kuhilela udokotela ukufaka umunwe ogcotshwe ngeglavu e-rectum yakho. Le DRE ingenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa ngokomzimba okuvamile noma njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwabesifazane. Ingahlola hhayi kuphela i-rectum yakho, kodwa futhi ne-prostate yakho noma umlomo wesibeletho ngodonga lwe-rectum.
• Ukukhuliswa kwesisu: Kulokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela ukhuhla ingaphakathi lesisu sakho nge-cotton swab bese ekhuhla isampula ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini amagciwane noma ama-virus.
• Ukuhlolwa kwendle: Udokotela angase athathe isampula yendle yakho ayihlole ukuze abone izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukopha, noma amaseli amhlophe egazi aphezulu.
• I-anorectal manometry: Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ukuthi imisipha yakho kanye nemizwa yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani ukuze kukhishwe indle. I-catheter enebhaluni ifakwa endunu yakho, bese ibhaluni ligcwala amanzi afudumele. Esinye isiphetho se-catheter sixhunywe emshinini olinganisa ukusebenza kwemisipha yakho.
• I-Defecography: Kulolu vivinyo, kuthathwa ama-X-ray noma ama-MRI ezitho zakho zangaphakathi ngenkathi uzama ukunyakaza kwamathumbu. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi izitho nemisipha ehlukene isebenza kanjani. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ufaka into yezokwelapha e-rectum yakho, bese uyikhipha njengendle. Ukwenza lokhu ngenkathi uhleli ehhovisi lezithombe langasese. Babuka izitho zakho esikrinini sekhompyutha.
• I-Barium enema: Lolu futhi uhlobo lwe-GI X-ray. Ithatha izithombe ze-X-ray ze-fluoroscopic, noma ividiyo, zamathumbu akho amakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-rectum yakho. I-barium enema uhlobo lodayi wokungafani. Ifakwa ku-rectum yakho njenge-enema. Izithombe ezimnyama nomhlophe zibonisa lezi zindawo ngokucacile.
• I-Proctoscopy: I- proctoscopy inqubo yokubheka ngaphakathi kwe-rectum yakho usebenzisa ithubhu elifushane neliqinile (i-scope). I-proctoscope iyithubhu elingenalutho elinokukhanya kanye nekhamera ekugcineni. Uma kudingeka, udokotela angadlulisa ithuluzi ngethubhu ukuze athathe isampula yezicubu (i-biopsy).
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguquguqukayo: Uma udokotela edinga ukubheka ngaphakathi, okungukuthi, ingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amakhulu, lapho ixhuma khona ne-rectum (ikholoni yakho ye-sigmoid), ipayipi elide kancane elibizwa ngokuthi i-sigmoidoscope eguquguqukayo lingasetshenziswa. Uma kunenkinga ngekholoni yakho,Kungaba yi-Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) noma ukutheleleka kwesisu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kudinga ukulungiswa kwamathumbu.

Ngingawugcina kanjani umgudu wami uphilile?

Nakuba kungezona zonke izifo zamathumbu ezingavinjelwa, unganciphisa ingozi yokuthola ezinye ngokulandela le mikhuba elula yezempilo:

• Yenza ucansi oluphephile: Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI) ezithinta umgodi wakho wendunu nazo zingathinta i-rectum yakho. Hlola umlingani wakho ngezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, bese usebenzisa izindlela eziphephile uma ungabaza.
• Ukudla okunempilo kukhuthaza ukuhamba kwamathumbu okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okuncane okucutshunguliwe kanye nokudla okuningi kwemvelo njengokusanhlamvu okuphelele, imifino, nezithelo. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqunjelwa kanye nokuzikhandla ukuze uphume indle, okungaholela kwezinye izinkinga eziningi.
• Thola i-colonoscopy yakho: I-colonoscopy ejwayelekile iyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlola ama-polyp ku-colon nokuvimbela umdlavuza we-colorectal.
• Ungazinaki izimpawu: Uma unobuhlungu obungapheli, ushintsho endleleni odla ngayo, noma ubunzima bokukhipha indle, bona udokotela ngaphambi kokuba isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-rectum yakho ifana nebhuloho elibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwesistimu yakho yokugaya ukudla kanye nokuhamba kwamathumbu akho. Ikholoni yakho ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye ne-anus yakho ngakolunye kungathinta impilo ye-rectum yakho, futhi i-rectum yakho ingathinteka.

Izinkinga zomthondo zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zibe namahloni. Kodwa-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola usizo oludingayo. Udokotela wezifo zamathumbu noma udokotela wezifo zamathumbu angakusiza ukuthi uxilonge futhi welaphe izinkinga zomthondo. Ngakho-ke, ungakhathazeki futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.

I- Rectum, indle, ukugaya ukudla, ukuqunjelwa, izifo ze-anal, i-colonoscopy