Ungathanda ukwazi ngezimpawu zomdlavuza? Ake sixoxe ngalezi zinto kalula!

Wake wezwa amagama athi 'ama-tumor markers'? Mhlawumbe uke wezwa udokotela wakho ekhuluma ngawo, noma uke wawabona ephephandabeni noma kuthelevishini. Ziyini ngempela lezi 'tumors markers'? Zihlobene kanjani nomdlavuza? Cishe unemibuzo eminingi ngalokhu. Ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizoxoxa ngalezi zinto ezibonakala ziyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, uphawu lwesimila luyinoma yini emzimbeni wakho engasinika ulwazi mayelana nomdlavuza. Ngokuvamile sibhekisela kumaprotheni akhiqizwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza njengezimpawu zesimila. Amangqamuzana avamile, angewona umdlavuza nawo angenza lezi zimpawu ngenxa yomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zesimila zingabhekisela nasekushintsheni noma emaphethini ku-DNA yakho.

Njengoba nje amaphoyisa efuna izinkomba ngemva kobugebengu, odokotela basebenzisa lezi zinkomba ezibizwa ngokuthi 'izimpawu zomdlavuza' ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nomdlavuza.

Amanye amagama alawa 'ama-cancer markers' noma 'ama-biomarkers'. Kodwa-ke, enkulumweni yansuku zonke, sivame ukusebenzisa igama elithi 'tumor markers'.

Yini esingayifunda ezimpawini zomdlavuza?

Ungase uzibuze, "Kulungile, yini odokotela abangayifunda kulokhu?" Izimpawu zomdlavuza zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba, uma zihlanganiswa nezinye izivivinyo, zingasiza odokotela ukuxilonga nokwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Nakhu abangakwenza:

• Kungabonisa ukuthi zikhona yini izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
• Basiza udokotela wakho ukuhlela ukwelashwa kwakho. Ngokukhethekile, bakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi hlobo luni lokwelashwa olukulungele.
• Kungenzeka ukuhlola ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza okukhona manje kuphumelele noma cha. Okusho ukuthi, kungenzeka ukubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyawunciphisa yini umdlavuza noma ukuthi uhlala unjalo.
• Unganginika umbono ngamathuba akho okululama?
• Lokhu kusetshenziselwa futhi ukuqapha ukubuya kweminye imidlavuza.

Kodwa into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ezinye izimpawu zesimila zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nohlobo olulodwa lomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu zesimila zinganikeza ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zomdlavuza.

Zitholakala kanjani lezi zimpawu zomdlavuza? Zitholakala kuphi?

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpawu zomdlavuza:

1. Ama-Tumor Markers Ajikelezayo: Lawa atholakala oketshezini lomzimba wethu.

2. Ama-Tumor Tissue Markers: Lawa atholakala ngqo ngaphakathi kwesimila.

Ungazitholaphi Izimpawu Zezimila Ezijikelezayo

Lezi ezakho:

• Igazi
• Umchamo
• Isihlalo
• Umkantsha
• Amathe

Ungathola ngalokhu ngezinto ezinjengokuthi: Uma udinga isampula yegazi, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Uma udinga isampula yomchamo, amathe, noma indle, bazokufundisa ukuthi ungayithatha kanjani. Uma udinga isampula yomnkantsha, kuzodingeka wenze i- bone marrow biopsy .

Ungatholaphi izimpawu zezicubu ze-tumor

Lezi izi:

• Ezimilanjeni ezinomdlavuza (ezicutshini zomzimba wakho)

Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela uthatha isampula encane yezicubu ezithintekile, ebizwa ngokuthi i -biopsy , bese eyithumela elabhorethri yezifo ukuze ihlaziywe.

Ingabe wonke umdlavuza ungatholakala ngezimpawu zomdlavuza?

Cha. Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza azikatholakali kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza azikwazi ukuhlolwa lezi zimpawu zesifo somdlavuza. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo zelebhu, njenge -CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) noma i-MRI scan (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) .

Yiziphi izimpawu zesimila esivame ukukhuluma ngazo?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimpawu zomdlavuza ezisetshenziswa ukuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:

• I-AFP (i-Alpha-fetoprotein): Besebenzisa isampula yegazi lakho, odokotela babheka lokhu ukuze bahlole umdlavuza wesibindi , umdlavuza wamasende, kanye nezinye izimila zamangqamuzana egciwane , futhi babone ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani.
• Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BCL2: Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthatha isampula yegazi lakho, umongo wamathambo, noma isimila bese usibheka ukuze kutholakale futhi kuhlelwe ukwelashwa komdlavuza onjenge -leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma .
• Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 kanye ne-BRCA2: Lokhu kungahlolwa egazini, ematheni, noma esibonelweni sesimila ukusiza ekuxilongeni umdlavuza webele kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho , futhi kusize ekuhleleni ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa.
• I-CA 19-9: Lokhu kulinganiswa ngesampula yegazi futhi kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga umdlavuza we-pancreas , umdlavuza we-gallbladder , umdlavuza we-bile duct, kanye nomdlavuza wesisu , kanye nokuhlola impumelelo yokwelashwa.
• I-Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): WenaUma unomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, kuthathwa isampula yegazi ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele kangakanani, ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini, noma ukuthi ubuyile yini.
• I-Fibrin/i-Fibrinogen: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusampula yomchamo wakho ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesinye kuphumelele kangakanani.
• I-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): Lokhu kulinganiswa ngesampula yegazi futhi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola isigaba se -leukemia , i-lymphoma , i-melanoma , i-neuroblastoma, kanye nezimila ze-germ cell noma ukuqapha impumelelo yokwelashwa.
• I-Prostate-specific antigen (PSA): Lokhu kulinganiswa ngesampula yegazi futhi kusiza ekuxilongeni umdlavuza we-prostate , ukubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele kangakanani, nokuthi ngabe sekubuyile yini.
• I-Thyroglobulin: Uma uke waba nomdlavuza we-thyroid , lokhu kulinganiswa ngesampula yegazi ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kube yimpumelelo kangakanani nokuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.
• I-UGT1A1*28 i-homozygosity ehlukile: Uma unomdlavuza we-colorectal , lokhu kungahlolwa ngesampula yegazi noma nge-swab yesihlathi ukuze kubikezelwe ukuthi uzobhekana nobuthi obungakanani ngomuthi we-chemotherapy i-Irinotecan .

Manje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi lezi zimpawu zomdlavuza zihlukahlukene kangakanani, nokuthi zibaluleke kangakanani.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-tumor marker kwenziwa kanjani?

Lokhu kuncike ekutheni udokotela wakho uhlola uhlobo luni lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kwe-tumor marker kuvame ukudinga okukodwa kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwamathe
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Ukuhlolwa kwesihlalo
• Ukuhlolwa kwebhayoloji

Odokotela benza lezi zivivinyo ukusiza ekuxilongeni umdlavuza, ukuhlela ukwelashwa, noma ukuhlola ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kwamanje kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Ngezinye izikhathi ungadinga ukuhlolwa okungaphezu kokukodwa kwezimpawu zesimila.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola umbiko wokuhlolwa?

Lokhu kuncike nasezicini eziningana, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwe-tumor marker okuyalelwe udokotela wakho. Ungathola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi, umchamo, indle, noma amathe ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, uma udinga i-biopsy , kungathatha isonto noma ngaphezulu ukuthola imiphumela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nesineke futhi ungesabi.

Yiziphi izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zezimpawu zomdlavuza?

Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayibuzayo. Eqinisweni, njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimpawu zomdlavuza, ububanzi obujwayelekile besinye nesinye buhlukile. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngamanani ezimpawu zomdlavuza wohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Kusho ukuthini uma izimpawu zomdlavuza ziphakanyisiwe?

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezimpawu zesimila ikhombisa ukuthi izimpawu ziphakeme, kungase kuphakamise izinsolo zokuthi umdlavuza ungase ube khona. Noma, kungase kusho ukuthi umdlavuza usukhulile noma usakazekele kwezinye izindawo (ezinama-metastasized) .

Kodwa-ke, khumbula lokhu: iqiniso lokuthi uphawu lwesimila luphakeme alanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza.

Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa iphezulu, udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi izinombolo zisho ukuthini. Bangase futhi ba-ode ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Kusho ukuthini uma izimpawu zomdlavuza zincipha?

Ukwehla kwezimpawu zesimila ngokuvamile kungasho ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle ngempela. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zesimila ngezinye izikhathi zingakhuphuka futhi zehle phakathi nokwelashwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungaba nzima kancane ukuzilinganisa njalo. Yingakho odokotela besebenzisa izivivinyo zezimpawu zesimila kanye nezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga.

Ingabe izimpawu zomdlavuza zingaphakanyiswa ngaphandle komdlavuza?

Yebo, kungakwenza lokho! Leli futhi iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye izimo eziningi zempilo ezingewona umdlavuza nazo zingabangela amazinga aphezulu omaka wesimila. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• I-anemia
• Isifo se-thyroid
• Ama-cyst esibeletho (angabi yingozi, okusho ukuthi awawona umdlavuza)
• Isifo sezinso
• Amatshe ezinso
• I-Hepatitis (ukuvuvukala kwesibindi)
• I-Sarcoidosis ( isifo sokuvuvukala esivame ukuvela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba)

Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ngoba nje uphawu lwesimila luphakeme. Udokotela wakho uzothola imbangela eqondile bese ekutshela.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungadala ukwanda kwezimpawu zomdlavuza?

Abanye abantu bakhuluma ngalokhu futhi. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungandisa ingozi yokuphinda kuvele umdlavuza kubantu asebeke belashwa umdlavuza ngaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ukucindezeleka kuyawandisa yini ngqo amamaki omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ukugcina impilo enhle yengqondo kubalulekile kuzo zonke izici.

Ngakho-ke, umyalezo wokugcina okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya:

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngezimpawu zomdlavuza namuhla, akunjalo? Ngicabanga ukuthi uyaqonda kahle lezi zinto. Okokugcina, khumbula la maphuzu:

• Izimpawu zomdlavuza ziyithuluzi elibalulekile elisiza odokotela ukuxilonga, ukwelapha, nokuqapha umdlavuza.
• Kunezimpawu zomdlavuza ezahlukene zezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Akuwona wonke umdlavuza onezimpawu.
• Ukuthi nje uphawu lwesimila luphakanyisiwe akwanele ukuqinisekisa umdlavuza. Kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngalokho.
• Izimpawu zesimila zingakhuphuka ngenxa yezinye izimo ezingezona umdlavuza.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezimpawu zakho zomdlavuza. Bangachaza ulwazi ngendlela efanele kakhulu kuwe.

Khumbula, ukuqwashisa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nanoma iyiphi inkinga yezempilo. Ngikufisela impilo enhle!

Umdlavuza , izimpawu zesimila, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza, ukuxilongwa komdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ukuqwashisa ngezempilo