Uke wezwa nge-Blood-Brain Barrier, umvikeli omkhulu wobuchopho bakho?

Ubuchopho buyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu nesiyinkimbinkimbi emzimbeni wethu, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke ukugcina lobu buchopho buphilile kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba nje indlu yethu inodonga nesango lokubuvikela, ubuchopho bethu bunohlelo olukhethekile lokuphepha. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi isithiyo segazi nobuchopho noma "isithiyo segazi nobuchopho" ngamafuphi, "(BBB)". Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo mvikeli omuhle kakhulu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa .

Iyini isithiyo segazi nobuchopho?

Kalula nje, isithiyo sakho segazi nobuchopho (i-BBB) ​​siwungqimba oluvikelayo lwamaseli oluhlanganisa ingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho. Kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza kobuchopho bethu kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa.

Nakuba igama lithi "umgoqo," empeleni akulona nje udonga. Kufana kakhulu nesihlungi, njengomlindi ebuchosheni . Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuvimbela izinto eziyingozi nokugcina ezinhle. Liphinde lilawule indlela amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene (lawo esiwenzayo nalawo esiwathatha ngaphandle) angena futhi aphume ngayo ebuchosheni. Akumangalisi lokho?

Kwenzekani emgoqweni wegazi nobuchopho (BBB)?

Ngaphakathi kwemithambo yethu yegazi, kukhona ungqimba olukhethekile lwamaseli olubizwa ngokuthi i-endothelium. Kodwa-ke, emithanjeni yegazi engaphakathi kobuchopho, le endothelium ihlukile kancane.

Lawa maseli endothelial azungeze ingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngokuqinile kangangokuthi akukho ngisho nendawo encane. Yileyo ndlela isithiyo sakho segazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB) ​​esakheka ngayo. Lawa maseli ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile kangangokuthi akukho lutho olungadlula kuwo ngaphandle kosizo. Ulwelwesi lwangaphandle lwala maseli lwenziwe ngezinto ezisekelwe ku-lipid. Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, futhi ake sibone ukuthi kungani.

Yiziphi izinto ezingadlula emgoqweni wegazi nobuchopho (i-BBB)?

Ezinye izinto zincane kakhulu, okungukuthi, zingadlula kule `(BBB)`. Ezinye izinto zingadlula ngoba `(zincibilika kuma-lipid)` . Okusho ukuthi, ungqimba olunamafutha lomgoqo wegazi nobuchopho lungazifaka ngaphandle kokuxoshwa. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ngezinhlayiya ezinkulu, noma ngezinhlayiya ezincibilika emanzini, ukudlula kule `(BBB)` zodwa.

Cabanga ngakho, izinhlayiya ezinkulu azikwazi ukungena kulawo maseli endothelial aqinile, ngoba awekho indawo eyanele. Izinhlayiya ezincibilika emanzini zinobunzima bokungena ku-BBB, ngoba ulwelwesi lwamaseli e-BBB lusekelwe ku-lipid, futhi luxosha izinto ezincibilika emanzini. Ngakho-ke, uma izinhlayiya ezinkulu, ezincibilika emanzini njengezakhamzimba zifuna ukungena ebuchosheni, zidinga usizo olukhethekile lokuthuthwa .

Nazi ezinye izinhlobo zezidakamizwa nezinto ezingadlula kwi-BBB (kungaba zodwa noma ngosizo):

• Utshwala
• Imithi yokubulala izinzwa
• Imithi yokucindezeleka
• I-Anxiolytics
• Imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo
• Imithi yokwelapha ukuxhuzula noma isifo sokuwa
• I-caffeine
• I-Acetaminophen kanye nemithi eminingi engeyona eye-steroidal yokulwa nokuvuvukala (ama-NSAID)
• Amaphilisi okulala kanye nemithi yokudambisa (isib. ama-barbiturates, ama-benzodiazepines)

Lolu hlu luhlanganisa kuphela amakilasi ambalwa ezidakamizwa angadlula i-BBB. Amanye amakilasi amaningi ezidakamizwa angakwenza lokhu. Eqinisweni, uhlu lwezinto ezingadlula i-BBB lude kakhulu. Ngokwezindlela zamanje, cishe izinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezingu-5,000 (kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa) sezitholakale ezingadlula i-BBB. Lezi zitholakala kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms nezinhlelo zekhompyutha eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, yini engakwazi ukudlula esivimbelweni segazi-ubuchopho (BBB)?

Ngokuvamile, amagciwane , njengebhaktheriya noma amagciwane, kanye nezinto eziningi ezinobuthi, azikwazi ukudlula kwi-BBB. Lesi yisivikelo esikhulu kunazo zonke i-BBB enaso.

Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho?

Nakuba isithiyo sakho segazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB) ​​siphephile kakhulu, asiphelele ngokuphelele. Singenziwa buthaka yizimo ezifana nokuvuvukala. Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha nazo zinganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-BBB. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izinto eziyingozi noma amagciwane angangena ebuchosheni. (Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba wusizo. Isibonelo, ama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zobuchopho angangena kalula uma i-BBB ibuthakathaka.)

Izimo ezenza buthaka ubuqotho be-BBB zifaka phakathi kokubili izimo ezibukhali nezingamahlalakhona.

Izimo ezinciphisa ngokushesha amandla e-`(BBB)`

Lezi yizinkinga zempilo ezivele ngokuzumayo noma ezisanda kwenzeka. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Umdlavuza wobuchopho
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho (isib. i-Encephalitis, i-Meningitis)
• Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukubhajwa kwekhanda kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (TBI)
• Ukwanda kwamazinga e-carbon dioxide egazini (i-Hypercapnia)
• I-cerebral hypoxia (ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni ngenxa yamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini)
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ukuquleka, ikakhulukazi isimo sokuquleka esiqhubekayo esibizwa ngokuthi "Status Epilepticus"

Izimo ezinciphisa amandla e-`(BBB)` ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Lezi yizimo ezihlala isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi izinyanga, iminyaka, noma ngisho nokuphila konke. Izibonelo:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• I-hypercapnia engapheli ebangelwa yizimo ezifana ne-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu)
• Isifo Sokuxhuzula
• I-Frontotemporal Dementia
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
• Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini (i-Hyperglycemia) kanye nezimo ezihlobene nazo ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini (i-Hyperlipidemia)
• I-Multiple Sclerosis
• I-Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)
• Isifo sikaParkinson

Ochwepheshe basola ukuthi ezinye izimo eziningi ezingamahlalakhona zingase zithinte i-BBB, kodwa kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa lokhu.

Yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu ezivamile zokuwohloka kwesithiyo segazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB) ​​?

Eqinisweni, okwamanje ayikho indlela ecacile yokuxilonga ngqo inkinga nge-BBB. Ezinye izivivinyo zelebhu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlola uketshezi lomgogodla, zingabonisa ngokungaqondile inkinga nge-BBB. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile izimo ezihilela ukuwohloka kwe-BBB zitholakala zinezinye izimpawu ezingahlobene nomgoqo.

Ochwepheshe manje bazama ukubona ukuthi bangayibuthakathaka yini i-BBB okwesikhashana besebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound. Uma lokho kungenziwa, ezinye izinhlayiya ebuchosheni zizokwazi ukuhlangana negazi futhi zitholakale kalula. Mhlawumbe lezo zinhlayiya zingaba yisihluthulelo sokuthola izinto ezinjengomdlavuza wobuchopho, isifo i-Alzheimer's, kanye nesifo sikaParkinson. Kungasiza futhi eminye imithi ukuthi ingene ebuchosheni ukuze yelaphe izinto ezinjengomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo lusesezigabeni zalo zokuqala. Kudingeka ucwaningo oluningi ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngempela.

Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa okuvamile okuhloselwe isithiyo segazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB)?

Okwamanje, azikho izindlela zokwelapha eziqondisa ngqo isithiyo sakho segazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB). Esikhundleni salokho, odokotela belapha izimo zezokwelapha ezingaphansi ezingaphazamisa i-BBB. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• Imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, noma amazinga kashukela aphezulu egazini.
• Ukwelashwa kokubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, okwenzeka lapho ukuphakelwa kwegazi engxenyeni yobuchopho kuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuvaleka komthambo wegazi.
• Imithi yokulwa nokuxhuzula.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wobuchopho.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngilondoloze impilo yesithiyo sami segazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB)?

Eqinisweni, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngqo ukuphazamiseka kwe-`(BBB)`. Kunalokho, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukugwema izimo noma izimo ezingaphazamisa i-`(BBB)`. Nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza:

• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo. Izimo ezithinta impilo yokujikeleza kwegazi, ikakhulukazi isifo sohlangothi, zingaphazamisa isithiyo segazi nobuchopho. Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele nokulungisa ukudla kwakho ngokweseluleko sikadokotela wakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni isifo sohlangothi, noma okungenani ukubambezeleka noma ukunciphisa ubukhali baso. Kuphinde kusize ekuvikeleni i-BBB yakho.
• Ungakushayi indiva ukutheleleka.Ukutheleleka ezindaweni ezinjengamehlo nezindlebe kungasakazeka futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala, kuphazamise i-BBB. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ukutheleleka kungangena ebuchosheni futhi kubangele izimo ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho nezibulalayo.
• Gqoka izimpahla zokuphepha. Ukulimala ekhanda kungaphazamisa i-BBB. Ukugqoka izimpahla zokuphepha - ikakhulukazi izigqoko zokuzivikela kanye namabhande esihlalo (noma ezinye izibopho zokuphepha) lapho ugibela izimoto - kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala ekhanda okungalimaza i-BBB yakho.
• Lawula izimo zakho zempilo. Izimo zesikhathi eside ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nesifo sokuwa kungafaka engcupheni i-BBB kanye nemithambo yegazi ezungezile. Ukulawula lezi zimo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngemithi noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ongasithatha ukuvikela isithiyo sakho segazi nobuchopho.

Odokotela basebenzisa kanjani lokho abakwaziyo ngesithiyo segazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB)?

I-"(BBB)` yakho iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho welapha izimo eziningi zezokwelapha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kobuchopho. Ngoba, uma ukwelashwa okuningi - ikakhulukazi imithi - kungadlula ku-"(BBB)``, kungathinta ubuchopho bakho ngokungaqondile.

Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela kufanele basebenze eduze kwe-BBB. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi i-BBB ngezinye izikhathi yenza lokho okufanele ikwenze! Imithi engelapha izifo noma umdlavuza ngaphakathi kobuchopho ingase ingakwazi ukudlula kwi-BBB.

Njengesixazululo, ochwepheshe basebenzisa izidakamizwa eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukugwema i-BBB. Njengendlela "yehhashi leTrojan," izidakamizwa "zilayishwa" kumaseli omzimba noma kwezinye izinhlayiya ezingadlula kwi-BBB bese zilethwa ebuchosheni. Kuhlakaniphe kakhulu, akunjalo?

Siphinde sisebenzise izinqubo zethu zamakhemikhali zemvelo ukuze sigweme i-BBB. Isibonelo esihle salokhu ukusetshenziswa komuthi i-levodopa ukwelapha isifo sikaParkinson. Isifo sikaParkinson senzeka lapho izingxenye zobuchopho zintula i-dopamine yamakhemikhali eyanele, edingekayo ukulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha. I-Dopamine ayikwazi ukuwela i-BBB, kodwa i-levodopa ingakwazi. Uma isingene ebuchosheni, i-levodopa iguqulwa ibe yi-dopamine. Lokhu kuqeda izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson.

Ubani owathola umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho (BBB)? Bawuthole kanjani uma wawumncane kangaka?

Imithombo eminingi ithi ukutholakala kwalesi sivikelo kuvela kososayensi abanjengoPaul Ehrlich noma uMax Lewandowsky ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1900. Kodwa-ke, igama elithi "isivikelo segazi nobuchopho" laqala ukusetshenziswa ephepheni lika-1921 nguLina Shtern (ngezinye izikhathi elibhalwa ngokuthi "Stern") waseRussia (manje eyiLatvia) nodokotela waseSwitzerland uRaymond Gautier.

Ucwaningo lukaStern noGautier lusekelwe yizithombe zokuqala ze-electron microscope ezathathwa ngawo-1960 nawo-1970, ezazichaza ngokucacile isakhiwo se-BBB ebuchosheni bezilwane nobomuntu.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isithiyo sakho segazi nobuchopho (i-BBB) ​​siwungqimba lwamaseli azungeze imithambo yegazi ezindaweni eziningi zobuchopho bakho futhi asebenza njengesihlungi. Luwudonga olubaluleke kakhulu lokuvikela ubuchopho bethu. Lusiza ekuvimbeleni izinto eziningi ezimbi kanye nezinto eziningi ezinhle.

Nokho, lokhu akuphelele. Izimo eziningi zezokwelapha zingathinta lokhu. Futhi, odokotela kudingeka baqaphele ngalokhu ``(BBB)`` lapho belapha isifo noma kuphi emzimbeni, hhayi ebuchosheni kuphela.

Nakuba ochwepheshe bethole okuningi nge-BBB, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwayo kwangaphakathi kungavula ithuba lokuthola ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwezifo eziningi ezihlobene nobuchopho. Khona-ke, i-BBB yakho izoba yisithiyo ezintweni ezikulimazayo, hhayi isithiyo ekwelashweni okukusizayo. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukunakekela impilo yakho iyonke kuzosiza ngokungaqondile ukuvikela impilo yale BBB!

Isivikelo Segazi Nobuchopho, Ukuvikelwa Kobuchopho, Imithambo Yegazi Yobuchopho, Isimiso Sezinzwa, Imithi Yobuchopho, Umsebenzi We-BBB