Okudingeka ukwazi ngama-hallucinogens

Wake wezwa ukuthi abanye abantu babona izinto ezingekho, bezwa imisindo engekho? Noma ukuthi bazizwa sengathi babukelwa ngaphandle kwemizimba yabo? Lezi akuzona izinto ezicatshangwayo. Lezi zingabangelwa yimithi ye-psychotropic, noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, ``(Ama-Hallucinogens)''. Lezi ziyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi ziyini lezi zinto, ukuthi zenzani ebuchosheni, kanye nezingozi zazo.

Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zinto ezibangela ukungaboni kahle?

Imithi ye-psychotropic iyiqembu lemithi eshintsha ngokuphelele ukuqonda komuntu kanye nokuqonda kwakhe indawo emzungezile. Ibizwa nangokuthi "ama-Psychedelics." Uma isetshenziswa, imicabango nemizwa yomuntu iyashintsha ngokungalawuleki. Eminye imithi ye-psychotropic yenziwe ngokwenziwa, okusho ukuthi yenziwe emalabhorethri. Eminye iyizinto zemvelo ezitholakala ezitshalweni ezithile kanye nesikhunta.

Uma usebenzisa le mithi, uqala ukubona, ukuzwa, nokuzwa izinto ezingekho. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ama-hallucinations." Okusho ukuthi, ukuzwa izithombe, imisindo, kanye nemizwa engekho emhlabeni wangempela. Abanye abantu abakwazi ukuzibamba lapho bethatha lokhu, futhi bazizwa sengathi bahlukene nemizimba yabo kanye nendawo ebazungezile.

Nakuba imiphumela yale mithi ngayinye ihlukile, yonke ithinta izinzwa zakho, imicabango, kanye nesimo sakho sengqondo. Uma umuntu ethonywe yinye yale mithi, kubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhubeka." Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kungaba kuhle noma kubi. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kubizwa ngokuthi "uhambo oluhle," kanti okuhlangenwe nakho okuyingozi nokwethusayo kubizwa ngokuthi "uhambo olubi."

Ngokomlando, abantu bebesebenzisa le mithi amakhulu eminyaka emikhosini yenkolo nasekuphulukiseni izifo ezithile. Kodwa muva nje, abantu sebejwayele ukuyisebenzisa ngezinjongo zokuzijabulisa. Ngokwezokwelapha, le mithi ayiphephile nhlobo ukuyisebenzisa. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi manje baphenya ukuthi ingasetshenziswa yini ekwelapheni izifo ezithile zengqondo, njengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka, ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha.

Lezi zidakamizwa zithinta kanjani ubuchopho?

Kalula nje, izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic ziphazamisa amanethiwekhi ezithunywa zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni bethu. Kufana nokunikeza isithunywa umlayezo ongalungile bese siwusakaza yonke indawo.

Isibonelo, eminye imithi ye-psychotropic iphazamisa ikhemikhali ebuchosheni bethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-serotonin. Le serotonin iyi-neurotransmitter elawula izinto eziningi ezibalulekile emzimbeni wethu. Iyisithunywa esincane esithwala ulwazi emuva naphambili ebuchosheni.

Izinto ezilawulwa yi-serotonin yilezi:

• Ukulala kwethu
• Indlala
• Isimo sengqondo
• Izinga lokushisa lomzimba
• Ukuqonda okunezinzwa

Eminye imithi ye-psychotropic ithinta i-glutamate ye-neurotransmitter. Ukulawula i-Glutamate:

• Imizwa yethu
• Indlela ubuhlungu obuzwakala ngayo
• Ukufunda kanye nenkumbulo
• Indlela esisabela ngayo emvelweni

Uma lezi zinhlelo zemiyalezo ziphazamiseka, indlela ubuchopho obusebenza ngayo iyashintsha ngokuphelele. Yingakho sibona futhi sizwa izinto ezingezona ezangempela.

Izinhlobo ezivamile zemithi ye-psychotropic

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zale mithi. Ake sixoxe ngezinye zezidakamizwa eziyinhloko ngokwehlukana.

I-LSD (i-lysergic acid diethylamide)

I-LSD ingenye yamakhemikhali anamandla kakhulu ashintsha ingqondo emhlabeni. Yenziwe ngekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-lysergic acid, ekhishwa ku-fungus ekhula ezinhlamvini ezifana ne-rye. I-LSD, noma "i-acid," iyinto emhlophe engenambala. Ivame ukuthathwa ngokumunca uketshezi ezingcezwini ezincane zephepha, njengephepha elifiphazayo, bese ubeka izingcezu zephepha ("amathebhu") ngaphansi kolimi. Ngezinye izikhathi itholakala ngesimo sethebhulethi.

Ngaphansi kwethonya le-LSD, umuntu ulahlekelwa ukuxhumana neqiniso. Angaba nokuhlangenwe nakho okungaphezu kwemvelo futhi abone imibono. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinzwa ziyadideka. Isibonelo, imisindo ingabonakala njengephunga, kanti imibala ingazwakala njengemisindo. Imiphumela ingahlala cishe amahora angu-9 kuya kwangu-12.

Nakuba kuthiwa i-LSD ayibangeli umlutha, lokho akusho ukuthi ayiyona ingozi. Ngokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, umzimba uyajwayela (ukubekezelela). Bese kuthi, ukuze uthole ulwazi olufanayo nolwangaphambili, umthamo osetshenziswayo kumele wandiswe.

I-Peyote

I-Peyote iyi-cactus encane, engenameva. Isithako esiyinhloko esisebenzayo kuyo yi-mescaline. Iyinto yemvelo etholakala kule cactus. Abantu bayawaphula ama-pod, bawomise, bese bewahlafuna. Noma bawacwilise emanzini bese bewaphuza.

Kuthatha cishe amagremu angu-0.3-0.5 e-mescaline ukukhiqiza imiphumela yayo ethinta ingqondo, futhi imiphumela yayo ihlala cishe amahora ayi-12. Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okubabayo, abanye abantu babilisa i-cactus amahora amaningi bese beyiphuza njengetiye. Kukhona nezinhlobo zokwenziwa ze-mescaline.

I-Psilocybin - Amakhowe Omlingo

I-Psilocybin iyikhemikhali etholakala ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwamakhowe akhula ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-United States, eMexico, nakwamanye aseNingizimu Melika. Lawa abizwa nangokuthi "amakhowe omlingo" noma "ama-shrooms."

Leli khowe lingadliwa liphekiwe, libiliswe, noma lidliwe liluhlaza. Ukuze kuqedwe ukunambitheka okubabayo, abanye abantu balixuba noshokoledi bese belidla.

I-Psilocybin ingaba nemiphumela ehlukahlukene. Ingasukela ekuzweleni okukhulu kwezinzwa kuya ekungakwazini ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle. "Uhambo olubi" lungafaka phakathi ukubona izinto ezesabekayo, ukuzwa ukwesaba okukhulu, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuhlaselwa uvalo.

I-PCP (i-phencyclidine)

Nakuba ifushanisiwe ngokuthi i-PCP, igama layo eliphelele yi-phenylcyclohexyl piperidine. Ibizwa nangokuthi "i-angel dust". Iza ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa uketshezi, impuphu, amaphilisi, nama-capsule. Abantu bayayigwinya, bayayikhafulela, bayayijova, noma bayibheme.

Ngokumangalisayo, ngawo-1950, umuthi i-PCP wethulwa njengesidambisi-zinhlungu, okungukuthi, umuthi obangela ukungazi. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwamiswa ngokuphelele ngo-1965 ngenxa yemiphumela yawo emibi emibi.

I-PCP ibangela umuzwa wokuba ngaphandle komzimba womuntu. Njengoba imiphumela iphela, umuntu uyacasuka kakhulu futhi acabange, enomzimba ongenamandla. Uma kukhulunywa kakhulu, ukuxhuzula, i-coma, ngisho nokufa kungenzeka.

I-Ketamine

I-Ketamine iyisidakamizwa sokubulala izinzwa esisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kubantu nasezilwaneni. Iningi le-ketamine esetshenziswa ngokungemthetho yebiwa ezibhedlela zezilwane. Abantu bayayihogela njengempuphu, bayigwinye njengephilisi, noma bayijove njengoketshezi. I-Ketamine ingabangela nomuzwa wokuthi ungaphandle komzimba wakho.

Imiphumela emibi eyingozi yale mithi

Imiphumela emibi yokusebenzisa le mithi ethinta ingqondo ivame kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqukethe amakhemikhali amaningi athinta ingqondo. Le miphumela incike enanini elisetshenzisiwe. Ake sibheke eminye yemiphumela emibi evamile.

Imiphumela emibi ethile ye-PCP

I-PCP umuthi obangela imiphumela emibi eminingi eyingozi kakhulu.

• Ngemithamo ephansi nephakathi: Izinga lokuphefumula liyanda kancane, umfutho wegazi kanye nezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyanda kakhulu. Ukuba ndikindiki ezithweni zomzimba, ukulahlekelwa ukuhambisana kwemisipha nakho kungase kwenzeke.
• Ngemithamo ephezulu: Umfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nokuphefumula kungase kwehle ngokuzumayo. Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukubona okufiphele, ukuqunjelwa amathe, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, kanye nesiyezi kungenzeka.

Ukweqisa i-PCP kungabangela ukuquleka, i-coma, kanye nokufa. Ukufa okuningi kwenzeka ngesikhathi udakiwe, kungaba ngezingozi noma ukuzibulala. I-PCP ingabangela nokudakwa, ngakho-ke uma ithathwa kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka kwesistimu yezinzwa, njengotshwala, ingozi ye-coma iphezulu kakhulu.

Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa?

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu bafuna ukwelashwa ngenxa "yohambo olubi," ngoba basengozini yokuzilimaza.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwelashwa kuyasekela. Udokotela uzobeka isiguli ekamelweni elithule elinomsindo omncane kanye nokuvuselela imizwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, umuthi onjenge-benzodiazepine unganikezwa ukulawula ukucasuka noma ukuxhuzula ngokweqile.

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwesifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD). Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwasekhaya kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kungaba usizo kakhulu kubantu abanalezi zinkinga.

Ingabe lezi zingasetshenziswa njengomuthi?

Lona ngumbuzo obalulekile. Muva nje, ucwaningo lwe-psychedelic luye lwavela kabusha ezindaweni ezivamile. Izifundo eziningana zezokwelapha zikhombisile ukuthi i-psilocybin yamakhemikhali ingaba yindlela yokwelapha ethembisayo kwezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi i-psilocybin ingase isebenze kahle ekwelapheni lezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu leqembu
• Ubuhlungu obumangalisayo bemilenze
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli

Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kusesesigabeni socwaningo. Uma lokhu kusetshenziswa njengemithi, kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kwezokwelapha.