Wake wazizwa ukwesaba okukhulu noma ukwesaba okukhulu? Noma uzizwa sengathi unamandla amakhulu ngokushesha lapho ucindezelekile kakhulu? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona abantu benza izinto ezimangalisayo lapho besesimweni esiphuthumayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kunezindlala ezimbili ezincane, ezingonxantathu ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso zakho. Lezi sizibiza ngokuthi izindlala ze-adrenal . Abanye abantu bazibiza nangokuthi izindlala ze-adrenal. Nakuba zingase zibe zincane ngegama, umsebenzi wazo awuncane nhlobo. Lawa maqhawe amabili amancane alawula imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke yomzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalezi zindlala ze-adrenal ezincane kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ziyini ngempela izindlala ze-adrenal?
Kalula nje, izindlala ze-adrenal ziyizindlala ezimbili ezincane, ezifana ne-cap ezitholakala phezu kwezinso zethu . Ziyingxenye yesistimu ye-endocrine yomzimba wethu.
Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi luyini uhlelo lwe-endocrine. Cabanga ukuthi kukhona inethiwekhi enkulu yokuxhumana ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Ezindaweni ezahlukene kule nethiwekhi, kunezindlala ezifana nezimboni ezincane. Lezi zimboni zenza izithunywa ezikhethekile bese zizikhipha egazini. Lezi zithunywa zihamba egazini emzimbeni wonke futhi zitshele izitho ezahlukene ukuthi zenzeni nokuthi zikwenze nini. Sibiza lezo zithunywa ngokuthi ama-hormone .
Ngakho-ke, yonke le nethiwekhi yokuxhumana, okungukuthi, zonke lezi zindlala nama-hormone ndawonye, siyibiza ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-endocrine. Ezinye izindlala ezingaphansi kwalolu hlelo yilezi:
- I-Hypothalamus
- Indlala ye-pituitary
- Indlala yegilo
- I-Pancreas
- Ama-ovary abesifazane
- Amasende esilisa (amasende)
Zonke lezi zindlala zisebenza ndawonye njengeqembu elisebenza kahle, lilawula izinto eziningi emizimbeni yethu. Izindlala ze-adrenal ziyilungu elibaluleke kakhulu kuleli qembu.
Yiluphi usizo olunikezwa yilezi zindlala ezincane emizimbeni yethu?
Izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqiza izinhlobo eziningana zama-hormone ezibalulekile empilweni yethu. Elinye lala ma-hormone linomsebenzi ohlukile. Ake sibheke ama-hormone ayinhloko nokuthi enzani.
| I-hormone | Umsebenzi wayo nje |
|---|---|
| I-Cortisol | Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi “i-hormone yokucindezeleka.” Uma sizizwa sicindezelekile kakhulu, kungaba ngokwengqondo noma ngokomzimba, le hormone isinika amandla okubhekana nalesi simo. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa futhi ilawula indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amafutha, amaprotheni, nama-carbohydrate ekudleni esikudlayo, inciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, ilawula umfutho wegazi, ikhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini, futhi isize ekulawuleni ukulala kwethu nokuvuka. |
| I-Aldosterone | Kufana nomphathi olinganisela ukucindezeleka komzimba wethu, usawoti, namanzi. Le hormone ibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni amazinga e-sodium ne-potassium (ama-electrolyte) egazini lethu nokugcina ukucindezeleka kwegazi kusezingeni elifanele. |
| I-DHEA kanye ne-Androgenic Steroids | Lawa aziwa ngokuthi ama-hormone wesilisa abuthakathaka. Nakuba engenawo umphumela oqondile, aguqulwa abe ama-hormone wesifazane (ama-estrogen) ema-ovari abesifazane kanye nama-hormone wesilisa (ama-androgen) emasendeni amadoda. |
| I-Adrenaline ne-Noradrenaline | Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-hormone "okulwa noma ukubaleka". Cabanga ukuthi uhamba emgwaqweni bese ngokuzumayo inja ikuhlasele. Ngaleso sikhathi, inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, umzimba wakho uzizwa unesifiso sokugijima, namehlo akho evuleka, akunjalo? Lawa ma-hormone amabili akulungisela leso simo esiphuthumayo. Andisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, andise ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni nasemisipheni, futhi akusize usebenzise ushukela egazini. |
Kalula nje, izindlala ze-adrenal zihileleke ngqo ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa umfutho wegazi womzimba wakho, ibhalansi kasawoti namanzi, indlela obhekana ngayo nokucindezeleka, indlela osebenzisa ngayo amandla, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezici zobulili.
Ingabe izindlala ze-adrenal zenza lo msebenzi zodwa?
Cha. Izindlala ze-adrenal azizona izinto ezizimele. Zithola imiyalelo evela ezikhungweni zokulawula ebuchosheni.
Lokhu kufana nenkampani enkulu.
- Isikhulu Esiphezulu (i-CEO): UbuchophoI-hypothalamus iyi-CEO. Yiyona eqonda isimo futhi ithumele umlayezo.
- Umphathi: Umphathi uyindlala ye-pituitary ebuchosheni. Lapho ethola umyalezo ovela ku-CEO, nguyena otshela izindlala ze-adrenal ukuthi, "Kulungile, qala ukusebenza manje."
- Isisebenzi: I-adrenal gland yiyo ekhiqiza ama-hormone afanele (isib. i-cortisol) bese iwakhipha egazini, njengoba kuyalelwe umphathi.
Lena yindlela uhlelo olusebenza ngayo. Futhi, izindlala ze-adrenal zinquma ukuthi ingakanani i-aldosterone okufanele yenziwe ngokusekelwe ezimpawini ezivela ezinso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi konke lokhu kuxhunywe ndawonye ukuze kulondolozwe ibhalansi emzimbeni.
Ingaphakathi le-adrenal gland lakheka kanjani?
Nakuba i-adrenal gland ibukeka njengento eyodwa uma uyibheka ngaphandle, inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Ifana nesithelo esincane. Ingxenye yangaphandle nengxenye engaphakathi zihlukile.
1. I-Cortex - Ingxenye engaphandle: Lena yingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yendlala. Ifana nesikhumba kanye nomgogodla wesithelo. Le ngxenye engaphandle ikhiqiza ama-hormone e-steroid njenge-cortisol kanye ne-aldosterone.
2. I-Medulla - Ingxenye engaphakathi: Lena yingxenye engaphakathi yendlala. Ifana nomgodi wesithelo. Ama-hormone "okulwa noma ukubaleka" i-adrenaline kanye ne-noradrenaline enziwa kule ngxenye engaphakathi.
Izinhlobo zama-hormone akhiqizwa yilezi zingxenye ezimbili kanye nemisebenzi yazo kuhluke ngokuphelele.
Kungenzeka yini ukuphila ngaphandle kwezindlala ze-adrenal?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Ama-hormone afana ne-cortisol, akhiqizwa yizindlala ze-adrenal, abalulekile empilweni yethu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezimo ezithile zezokwelapha (isib. umdlavuza), kunezikhathi lapho zombili izindlala ze-adrenal zidinga ukuhlinzwa (i-adrenalectomy).
Uma lokho kwenzeka, lowo muntu kuzodingeka asebenzise lawo ma-hormone ngaphandle njengomuthi impilo yakhe yonke . Uma ewasebenzisa kahle lawo ma-hormone, angaphila impilo ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma engenazo izindlala, ngeke akwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwama-hormone akhe.
Ingabe izifo ze-adrenal gland zingaba khona?
Yebo. Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitho, kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezingathinta izindlala ze-adrenal. Lezi zinkinga zenzeka kakhulu ngezizathu ezimbili:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ngokweqile: Uma indlala iqalisa ukusebenza ngokweqile futhi ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi kunokudingekile.
- Ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwama-hormone: Uma indlala ingakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elidingekayo lama-hormone, kungaba ngenxa yomonakalo noma ngesizathu esithile.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani lezi zimo zingase zenzeke:
- Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo - Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu luhlasela izindlala ze-adrenal.
- Ukwakheka kwezimila.
- Ukulimala kwezindlala ngenxa yengozi, ukutheleleka, noma ukopha.
- Inkinga nge-hypothalamus noma i-pituitary gland ebuchosheni. (Khumbula, uma uMphathi enenkinga, uMsebenzi akakwazi ukusebenza kahle.)
- Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile yama-steroid.
Ezinye zezimo zezokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Isifo sika-Addison: Lesi yisimo lapho ama-hormone i-cortisol ne-aldosterone engakhiqizwa khona ngobuningi obanele. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa inkinga ngesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- I-Cushing's syndrome: Lesi yisimo lapho umzimba ukhiqiza khona i-cortisol eningi kakhulu. Lesi simo singabangelwa umdlavuza noma imithi ethile.
- I-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Lesi yisimo esiba khona lapho umuntu ezalwa. Le nkinga ivela ngoba umzimba awunayo i-enzyme edingekayo ukwenza ama-hormone.
- I-aldosteronism eyinhloko: Kulesi simo, kukhiqizwa i-hormone i-aldosterone eningi kakhulu.
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginenkinga ngezindlala zami ze-adrenal?
Izimpawu zezinkinga ze-adrenal gland ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi i-hormone engalingani. Izimpawu eziningi zifana nezezinye izifo ezivamile, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukuzixilonga.
Ungathola umbono ngalokhu kuthebula elingezansi.
| Uhlelo oluthintekile | Izimpawu ezingaba khona |
|---|---|
| Ukuguqulwa kwe-Metabolism | Ukukhuluphala noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukwanda noma ukwehla njalo koshukela egazini, kanye nobuthakathaka. |
| Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela | Ukugula njalo kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo. |
| Ukushaya kwegazi | Umfutho wegazi ophezulu noma umfutho wegazi ophansi. |
| Izici zocansi | Abesifazane babhekana nokukhula kwezinwele ebusweni, ukuqothuka kwezinwele, izinduna, kanye nokujula kwezwi. |
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu sezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, ikakhulukazi izinguquko zesisindo ezingachazeki, ukukhathala ngokweqile, noma izinguquko ezingavamile ekucindezelekeni kwegazi , sicela ungamane nje ungakunaki bese ucabanga ukuthi, 'Lezi yizinto ezivamile.'
Okufanele ukwenze ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho (GP) bese ukhuluma ngalokhu ngokucacile.
Udokotela wakho uzohlola amazinga akho ama-hormone ngokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo okuningana, uma kudingeka. Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka kulezo zivivinyo, angakuthumela futhi ukuze uthole izivivinyo ezifana ne-CT scan noma i-MRI scan. Uma kudingeka, uzokuthumela kudokotela we-endocrinologist, udokotela ogxile ohlelweni lwe-endocrine nama-hormone.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izindlala ze-adrenal ziyizindlala ezimbili ezincane, kodwa ezibalulekile, ezikhiqiza ama-hormone ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso zethu.
- Izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, njengokubhekana nokucindezeleka, ukulawula umfutho wegazi, kanye nokuphatha amandla, zilawulwa ama-hormone akhiqizwa yilezi zindlala.
- Izinkinga ziyavela uma la ma-hormone ekhiqizwa kakhulu noma enganele.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukukhathala ngokweqile, izinguquko zomfutho wegazi, noma izinguquko zesikhumba, ungazinaki.
- Uma unemibuzo noma izimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko. Ukuthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi kulula kakhulu ekwelapheni.
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