Uma ungumama okhulelwe, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukucele ukuthi wenze 'ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP'. Uma uzwa leli gama, ungase uzizwe wesaba futhi ukhathazekile. Izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Kuyini lokhu? Kungani kwenziwa lokhu? Ingabe kukhona okungahambi kahle ngengane?" zingase zifike engqondweni yakho. Kodwa ungesabi nhlobo. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokubalulekile okuvame ukwenziwa komama abakhulelwe. Kusetshenziselwa ukuthola umbono omncane ngempilo yengane. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizothola izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni mayelana nalokhu kuhlolwa kwe-AFP.
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP kalula?
Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwe-Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola amazinga eprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-AFP egazini lakho.
Manje cishe ucabanga ukuthi, "Iyini le phrotheni ye-AFP?" Kulula kakhulu. Yiphrotheni ekhiqizwa yisibindi sengane yakho encane esibelethweni sakho. Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, enye yale phrotheni ingena ku-amniotic fluid ezungeze ingane yakho, bese isuka lapho ingena egazini lakho. Ngakho-ke, ngokuthatha ingxenye encane yegazi lakho bese uyihlola, ungalinganisa ukuthi unamaphrotheni engakanani e-AFP onawo.
Ngokuvamile, amazinga e-AFP kufanele abe ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma izinga liphansi kakhulu noma liphezulu kakhulu , linganikeza odokotela umbono omncane wokuthi ingane esibelethweni ingaba nesifo sofuzo noma isici sokuzalwa.
Khumbula, lokhu kumane nje kuyinkomba . Ukuthi nje lo mphumela wokuhlolwa awujwayelekile akusho ukuthi kunethuba eliyi-100% lokuthi ingane yakho ibe nenkinga. Kusho ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP kungenziwa kumuntu ongakhulelwe?
Yebo, lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungavamile, kodwa odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bacela abantu abangakhulelwe ukuthi benze ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP. Kodwa inhloso yalokhu ihluke ngokuphelele.
Amazinga e-AFP avame ukuba phansi kakhulu kumuntu omdala noma enganeni engakhulelwe (ngaphandle kosana olusanda kuzalwa). Uma leli zinga liphakanyisiwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo , kungaba uphawu lwesimo esithile sezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukusiza ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana nomdlavuza. Kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP tumor marker .
Izimo ezingase ziboniswe amazinga aphezulu e-AFP:
- Umdlavuza wesibindi
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho noma umdlavuza wamasende
- I-cirrhosis yesibindi
- Izimo zokuvuvukala kwesibindi, njenge-hepatitis A, B noma C
Futhi, lapho belapha isiguli esinomdlavuza, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa lolu vivinyo lwe-AFP ukuze babone ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyaphumelela yini. Uma izinga le-AFP lehla ngokwelashwa, kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyaphumelela.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP kwenziwa nini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa? Kubaluleke kakhulu kubani?
Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-AFP kuvame ukwenziwa kumama okhulelwe phakathi kwamasonto ayi-16 nama-22 okukhulelwa . Lesi yisikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthola imiphumela enembile.
Empeleni, wonke owesifazane okhulelwe angenza lokhu kuhlolwa. Kodwa udokotela wakho angancoma lokhu kuhlolwa ikakhulukazi uma unezinye zezici ezilandelayo eziyingozi:
- Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 ubudala.
- Uma othile emndenini wakho ebe nengane enesifo sokuzalwa .
- Uma unesifo sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus) .
Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, ingozi yokuthi umntwana abe nezinkinga ezithile iphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa.
Zifunani lezi zivivinyo?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP kufana nomphenyi. Kwembula izinkomba eziningana ezibalulekile mayelana nempilo yomntwana. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isimo esiphenywayo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube | Lokhu kubhekisela enkingeni yokukhula kobuchopho bomntwana noma komgogodla. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne -spina bifida ( isici emgogodleni) noma i-anencephaly (izingxenye zobuchopho ezingakhuli). |
| Izinkinga zofuzo | Izimo ezibangelwa izinguquko ezithile kuma-chromosome engane. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu salokhu yi -Down syndrome . |
| Ingabe usuku lokuzalwa komntwana lungalungile? | Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nephutha elincane ekubaleni usuku lokukhulelwa. Njengoba amazinga e-AFP eshintsha phakathi nokukhulelwa, inani elihlukile ezingeni elilindelekile lingabonisa nokuthi usuku lokukhulelwa alulungile. |
| Amawele noma ngaphezulu | Uma unezingane ezingaphezu kweyodwa esibelethweni sakho (isib. amawele), iphrotheni ye-AFP ikhiqizwa ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke uma izinga le-AFP liphezulu kakhulu, kungasho ukuthi uthwele izingane ezingaphezu kweyodwa. |
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kanjani futhi yini engiyidingayo ukuze ngilungiselele?
Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngalokhu nhlobo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP kuyindlela elula kakhulu yokuhlola igazi njalo.
Ukuze kube sobala, elabhorethri, umhlengikazi noma udokotela uzothatha inani elincane legazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho . Kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokwesaba okuncane kwezinaliti. Uma unokwesaba okufanayo (i-trypanophobia), tshela umuntu othatha igazi kusengaphambili. Ungenza okuthile phakathi nalesi sikhathi, njengokuphefumula okujulile nokubheka eceleni.
Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo kulokhu kuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthola umthambo wakho futhi ukukhishwa kwegazi kuzoshesha.
Ungayiqonda kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-AFP?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma uthola umbiko wakho wokuhlolwa kwe-AFP, ungakhathazeki ngezinombolo. Udokotela wakho ukhona ukukusiza ukuthi uwuqonde.
Khumbula: Umphumela we-AFP ongavamile akusho ukuthi ingane inenkinga!
Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kuphela. Okusho ukuthi, kuhlola kuphela ukuthi kukhona yini ingozi. Uma kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ingozi, kuzodingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
Ake sibone ukuthi imiphumela engavamile ingasitshelani.
| Umphumela | Amacebiso angaba khona (lawa awacacisi!) | Ezinye izizathu ezingaba khona |
|---|---|---|
| Izinga le-AFP liphakeme kunejwayelekile | Uphawu lokuthi ingane ingase ibe nesici se-neural tube , njenge-spina bifida. |
|
| Izinga le-AFP lingaphansi kwejwayelekile | Icebiso lokuthi ingane ingaba nesifo sofuzo njenge- Down syndrome . |
|
Njengoba ubona, umphumela ongavamile akusho ukuthi ingane inenkinga. Ngakho-ke into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukungesabi bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha nje lapho ubona umbiko.
Uma umbiko we-AFP ungavamile, kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo?
Uma imiphumela yakho ye-AFP ingaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzoqala akuqinisekise. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase batuse ukuhlolwa okumbalwa okwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa umphumela noma ukuthola imbangela eqondile.
- Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ngezinye izikhathi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-AFP, kwenziwa okunye ukuhlolwa kwamahomoni, njengokuhlolwa kwesikrini kathathu . Lokhu kunganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe.
- Ukuskena Okuningiliziwe Nge-Ultrasound: Udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe ukuze askenwe ngokuningiliziwe. Lokhu kuzohlola umgogodla wengane yakho, ubuchopho, kanye nezinye izitho ukuze kubhekwe noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa okuqinisekile: Uma usakungabaza ngemva kokuhlolwa okungenhla, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuhlolwa okufana ne -amniocentesis noma i-chorionic villus sampling (CVS) . Lokhu kuthatha isampula yamaseli engane bese kuyawahlola, ukuze uqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi kukhona yini isifo sofuzo noma cha.
Yini enye ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela?
Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngalokhu. Unganqikazi ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho. Isibonelo:
- "Dokotela, yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuba ngithole lolu hlolo lwe-AFP?"
- "Lithini ngempela inani elisembikweni wami we-AFP?"
- "Ingabe ngidinga ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ngokusekelwe kulo mbiko?"
- "Yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele sizithathe ngokulandelayo?"
Udokotela wakho uzochaza konke kuwe futhi akunike isiqondiso osidingayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP kuwukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa okusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nempilo yomntwana, hhayi ukuxilongwa kokugcina.
- Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-16 nama-22 okukhulelwa .
- Ungakhathazeki uma umphumela wokuhlolwa ungavamile. Kungaba yinto elula njengokuthola amawele noma ukuthola umntwana ngosuku olungafanele .
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho. Uzokunikeza isiqondiso esicacile ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo okufanele uzithathe.
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