Cabanga ngemisebenzi elula oyenzayo nsuku zonke, njengokuthatha indebe, ukukama izinwele zakho, noma ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, iba nzima kakhulu. Ingabe uzizwa sengathi izitho zakho zomzimba ziyaphela amandla, imisipha yakho iyathuthumela, noma amazwi akho ayathuthumela uma ukhuluma? Lezi yizibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo esibi abantu abaningi abangasinaki, kodwa zingaba njalo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esisodwa esinjalo, okuyi-ALS, noma i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Kalula nje, iyini i-ALS?
I-ALS yisifo esithinta uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, yisifo esonakalisa amangqamuzana ezinzwa, noma ama-neurons, ebuchosheni bethu nasemgogodleni. Sibiza lawa ma-neurons ngokuthi ama-motor neurons. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuthatha imiyalezo ebuchosheni bethu bese uyithumela emisipheni yethu. Zonke izinyakazo ezifana nokuthi "phakamisa isandla sakho", "beka umlenze wakho phambili", "vula umlomo wakho" zilawulwa yile miyalezo.
Cabanga ngakho njengomugqa wocingo osuka ebuchosheni bakho uye emisipheni yakho. Lapho i-ALS ikhula, le migqa yocingo iyaphuka kancane kancane. Bese imiyalezo ethunyelwa ebuchosheni ayifinyeleli kahle emisipheni. Imiyalezo iyaphazamiseka. Ekugcineni, ukuxhumana kuyalahleka ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, imisipha ayitholi umyalo wokusebenza, ngakho-ke iyancipha kancane kancane futhi iphele. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-atrophy .
Lesi sifo sake saziwa ngokuthi isifo sikaLou Gehrig. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi umdlali we-baseball odumile ngawo-1920 no-30 wahlushwa yilesi sifo. Akukabikho ikhambi lalesi sifo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, sekwenziwe izindlela zokwelapha ukusiza ukulawula lesi sifo, ukunciphisa izimpawu, nokuphila impilo ekhululekile.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo se-ALS.
Lesi sifo singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi senzeka kanjani.
| Uhlobo lwe-ALS | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-ALS engavamile | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Cishe ama-90% eziguli ezine-ALS analolu hlobo. Luvela ngokungahleliwe, ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi aludluliselwa kumalungu omndeni. |
| I-ALS Yomndeni | Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Cishe yi-10% yeziguli ezikulolu hlobo. Lokhu kuyifa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sifo singadluliselwa kubazali siye ezinganeni ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo. |
Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele?
Izimpawu ze-ALS zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi lesi sifo singaqala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile.
| Isibonakaliso | Kwenzekani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ubuthakathaka bemisipha | Uzizwa ungezwani ezingalweni zakho, emilenzeni nasentanyeni. Kuba nzima ukuphakamisa izinsimbi noma ukuhamba. |
| Ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha nokuthuthumela | Kuzwakala sengathi imisipha ezingalweni zakho, emilenzeni, emahlombe, nasolimini iyanyakaza ngokungazi. |
| Ukuqina kwemisipha (i-Spasticity) | Imisipha iba lukhuni kakhulu kangangokuthi izitho azikwazi ukugoba noma ukwelulwa. |
| Ubunzima bokukhuluma | Amagama ayaxaka, kuba nzima ukukhuluma ngokucacile, futhi izwi liyashintsha. |
| Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia) | Ukudla neziphuzo kungase kubambeke lapho kugwinywa. Amathe angaphuma emlonyeni. |
| Ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa okungalawulwa | Kungazelelwe ngikhale noma ngihleke ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ukukhathala | Ngizizwa ngikhathele kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokwenza umsebenzi omncane. |
Lezi zimpawu zingase ziqale engalweni noma emlenzeni owodwa bese zisakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinga lokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo alifani kuwo wonke umuntu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kungase kube nobunzima bokuphefumula. Uma uzizwa sengathi unenkinga yokuphefumula, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
Kungani i-ALS ikhula? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?
Eqinisweni, abacwaningi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile ye-ALS, kodwa kunezici eziningana okucatshangwa ukuthi zinegalelo kuyo.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Uhlobo lomndeni lwe-ALS esixoxe ngalo ngaphambili lubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo. Kutholakale nokuthi iphesenti elincane leziguli ezine-ALS ezingahleliwe lingase libe nethonya lezakhi zofuzo.
- Izici zemvelo: Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi njenge-lead kanye ne-mercury, amagciwane athile, noma ukulimala okukhulu ngokomzimba nakho kucatshangwa ukuthi kunegalelo kulokhu.
Izici ezandisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo:
- Ubudala: Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-55 no-75 basengozini enkulu.
- Ubulili: Phakathi kwabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-55, amadoda anamathuba amancane okuthola lesi sifo kunabesifazane.
- Inkonzo yezempi: Ucwaningo oluthile lubonise ukuthi labo abaye bakhonza empini (ikakhulukazi phesheya kwezilwandle) basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-ALS. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi noma ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
I-ALS ayisona isifo esingatholakala ngokuhlolwa okukodwa. Kunezinye izifo eziningi ezinezimpawu ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angase enze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuze anqume ezinye izifo.
Lezi yizivivinyo ezivame ukwenziwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Hlola ezinye izimo zezokwelapha emzimbeni.
- I-Electromyogram (EMG): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwemisipha.
- Ucwaningo Lokuqhutshwa Kwezinzwa: Lulinganisa isivinini imiyalezo ehamba ngaso ngemizwa.
- Isithombe Sokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic (MRI):Kwenziwa i-MRI scan ukuze kuhlolwe noma yimuphi umonakalo noma izimila ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-ALS?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, akukho ukwelashwa kwe-ALS noma ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezinganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu futhi zisize iziguli ziphile ngokunethezeka nangokuzimela.
Udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lakho lezokwelapha bangase batuse izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:
Imithi
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokulawula ezinye zezimpawu. I-'Riluzole' kanye ne-'Edaravone' zimbili zemithi eyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunikezwa imithi ehlukile yezinto ezifana nokuqina kwemisipha, ukuvuza amathe, ubuhlungu, kanye nokucindezeleka.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvuselelwa
- Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Kunikeza izivivinyo nezeluleko zokusiza ukugcina imisipha iqinile, kuvimbele ukuqina kwamalunga, futhi kukusize usebenze ngokuzimela isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa amadivayisi anjengezihlalo zabakhubazekile kanye nezinsiza zokuhamba kanye nendlela yokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke kalula.
- Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo: Ukuqeqeshwa kokulondoloza ikhono lokukhuluma isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ukugwinya ukudla ngokuphephile, nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana uma kudingeka.
Ukusekelwa Kokudla Okunempilo
Ubunzima bokugwinya bungabangela ukwehla kwesisindo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela iseluleko sikachwepheshe wezokudla nokudla ukudla okulula ukugwinya futhi okuhlinzeka ngokudla okunomsoco okudingekayo. Kwezinye izimo, ipayipi lokudla lingasetshenziswa ukuletha ukudla ngqo esiswini ngekhala noma esiswini.
Ukusekelwa Kokuphefumula
Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, imisipha yokuphefumula iba buthakathaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, imishini efana ne-'Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV)' ekhipha umoya ngemaski egqokwe ekhaleni nasemlonyeni, ingadingeka. Ezigabeni zokugcina, kungadingeka usizo lomshini opompa umoya emaphashini (umoya womoya wemishini).
Impilo yakho yengqondo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukufunda ukuthi unesifo esifana ne-ALS nokuphila naso kungaba yinto ekucindezelayo kakhulu. Imizwa efana nokukhungatheka, ukuphelelwa yithemba, intukuthelo, ukucindezeleka kanye nokukhathazeka ingenzeka.
Kujwayelekile ukuzizwa ngalezi zinhlobo zemizwa. Ngakho-ke, njengoba nje ukhathalela impilo yakho yomzimba, kufanele futhi ukhathalele impilo yakho yengqondo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho, umndeni, noma umngane omethembayo mayelana nendlela ozizwa ngayo. Funa usizo kumeluleki wezempilo yengqondo uma kudingeka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ALS yisifo esonakalisa amangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni, okwenza kube buthaka ukulawula imisipha.
- Izimpawu zingase ziqale kancane (njengokuba ndikindiki esandleni) bese zisakazekela emzimbeni wonke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliphelele lalokhu, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezinganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo futhi zenze impilo ibe ntofontofo.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula buyisimo esiphuthumayo . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho engokomzimba. Khuluma nodokotela wakho kanye nabantu obathandayo ngendlela ozizwa ngayo.
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