Ingabe amangqamuzana omzimba wakho ayazibulala? Ake sixoxe nge-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)!

Ingabe uhlala uzizwa ukhathele futhi ubuthakathaka? Ingabe uyaba nesiyezi uma uhamba ibanga elincane noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi? Isikhathi esiningi, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-anemia" noma "i-anemia." Kuyiqiniso. Kodwa, wake wacabanga ukuthi uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho, okungukuthi, uhlelo lokuzivikela, lungase luhlasele futhi lubhubhise amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi? Namuhla sikhuluma ngesifo esingavamile wonke umuntu okubaluleke kakhulu ukuba asiqaphele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia , noma (AIHA) ngamafuphi.

Kalula nje, iyini le AIHA?

Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi iyini i-anemia. I-anemia ukwehla kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wakho athwala umoya-mpilo. Lawa maseli abomvu akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Ngokuvamile, iseli elilodwa elibomvu legazi liphila cishe izinsuku ezingu-120. Uma lawa maseli encishisiwe, izitho zomzimba azitholi inani elidingekayo lomoya-mpilo. Yingakho sizizwa sikhathele futhi sibuthakathaka.

Manje, kwenzeka into exakile kakhulu ku-AIHA. Uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba , oluvikela imizimba yethu ezifweni, luhlonza ngephutha amangqamuzana alo abomvu egazi anempilo ngokuthi “izitha.” Kufana nebutho lezwe elihlasela abantu balo. Lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luqala ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngale ndlela, alahleka ngesivinini esingenakukwazi ukumelana naso umnkantsha wethambo. Ngezinye izikhathi, isikhathi sokuphila kweseli elibomvu legazi sinqunyelwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA).

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-AIHA?

I-AIHA ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Enye isekelwe esibangweni. Enye isekelwe ekushiseni lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abhujiswa khona. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezi.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Izimpawu eziningi ze-AIHA zifana nezezinye izifo zokuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, kodwa abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu uma ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kukhulu ngokwanele.

Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:

• Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala: Ukukhathala okukhulu kuzwakala ngisho nangemva kokwenza umsebenzi omncane.
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile: Ukuphaphathekile kwesikhumba, izindebe, kanye nezinzipho.
• I-Tachycardia: Umuzwa wokuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha ngisho noma umile nje.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Lokhu kwenzeka uma ukhathele kancane.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba (i-Jaundice): Lesi yisimo esisibiza ngokuthi i-jaundice.
• Umchamo omnyama: Umchamo omnyama ngombala, njenge-cola.
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele: Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwe-spleen.

Abantu abane-cold-type AIHA (CAD) bangase babe nalezi zimpawu ezengeziwe:

• Izandla nezinyawo zihlala zibanda.
• Izandla nezinyawo ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/zibomvu uma zibekwe emakhazeni.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu emhlane nasemilenzeni.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-AIHA?

Esikhathini esiningi, kunzima ukuthola imbangela ethile yalesi simo (i-AIHA Eyinhloko). Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ingabangelwa ezinye izimo zezokwelapha (i-AIHA Yesibili).

• Ezinye izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba: Isibonelo, izifo ezifana ne-lupus.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza:Ikakhulukazi umdlavuza ohlobene negazi njenge-leukemia (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) kanye ne-lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma).
• Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane njenge-*Mycoplasma pneumoniae*.
• Amagciwane: Amagciwane afana negciwane le-Epstein-Barr, i-HIV, kanye ne-hepatitis.
• Eminye imithi: Lokhu kungenzeka futhi njengokusabela emithini ethile efana ne-penicillin kanye ne-methyldopa.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?

Uma unezimpawu ze-anemia, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha . Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo, futhi uzokuhlola. Uma kudingeka, uzokudlulisela kudokotela we-hematologist.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unesifo yini.

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kuhlola inani lamaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelet. Ukubalwa kwamaseli abomvu aphansi kuyisibonakaliso se-anemia.
• Ukuhlolwa kukaCoombs: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuqondile kakhulu kwe-AIHA. Kuhlola ukuthi umzimba wakho wenza yini ama-antibodies ngokumelene namaseli abomvu egazi.
• I-Peripheral Smear: Isampula yegazi ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bilirubin: Uma amangqamuzana abomvu ebhujiswa, izinga lento ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin liyakhuphuka egazini. Yilokhu okubangela umbala ophuzi.
• Inani lama-reticulocyte: Lokhu kulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi amasha angakavuthwa akhiqizwa umnkantsha. Inani eliphezulu lisho ukuthi umnkantsha usebenza kanzima kakhulu ukwenza amaseli amasha ukuze athathe indawo yalawo abhujiswayo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-AIHA?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ebunzimeni bezimpawu zakho, uhlobo lwe-AIHA, kanye nembangela. Uma izimpawu zakho zingebucayi, ukwelashwa kungase kungadingeki.

• Ama-Steroids: Imithi yama-steroid efana ne-Prednisolone iyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha. Lokhu kusebenza ngokucindezela umsebenzi wesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokusivimba ekubhubhiseni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
• Ezinye Izithiyo Zokucindezela Amasosha Omzimba: Uma lesi sifo singasabeli kuma-steroid, kusetshenziswa eminye imithi efana ne-Rituximab.
• Ukususwa kwe-spleenectomy: Esikhathini esiningi, ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kwenzeka e-spleen. Ngakho-ke uma imithi ingawulawuli, odokotela bangase banqume ukuwususa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukufakwa Kwegazi: Uma i-anemia inzima kakhulu, ukumpontshelwa igazi kungadingeka ukuze kusindiswe impilo.
• Ukuzivikela emakhazeni (nge-Cold AIHA/CAD): Uma une-cold AIHA, ukuzivikela emakhazeni kubalulekile.
• Gqoka amagilavu ​​​​uma ukhipha izinto esiqandisini.
• Uma uphuma uma kubanda, gqoka izigqoko, ama-scarves, namajazi.
• Uma uya endaweni ene-AC eningi, gqoka izingubo ezifudumele.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi akuncome ukuthi uthathe isithasiselo se-folic acid (i-vitamin B9) , njengoba le vithamini iyadingeka ukuze kukhiqizwe ngokushesha amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalesi simo?

Uma i-AIHA ingelashwa kahle, kungase kube nezinkinga ezithile.

• Amahlule egazi: Amahlule egazi angakheka emithanjeni, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni. Uma lokhu kuhamba kuye emaphashini (Pulmonary Embolism), kuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu.
• Ukulimala kwezinso: I-AIHA engalawulwa ingabangela ukulimala kwezinso.
• Isifo senhliziyo: I -anemia yesikhathi eside ibangela ukuthi inhliziyo isebenze kanzima, okungenza inhliziyo ibe buthaka.