Cabanga ngamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wakho 'njengesevisi yokulethwa' ethwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Manje, uma inani lala maseli abomvu egazi lincipha, noma uma engasebenzi kahle, izicubu zomzimba azitholi umoya-mpilo odingekayo. Lesi yisimo esisibiza ngokuthi 'i-anemia' noma 'ukuntuleka kwegazi'. Khona-ke uhlala uzizwa ukhathele, ubuthakathaka, futhi ungenampilo. Iningi lethu lijwayelene ne-anemia ebangelwa ukuntuleka kwensimbi. Kodwa kunezinhlobo ze-anemia ezikhula inani elincane kakhulu labantu futhi esingakazwa okuningi ngazo. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngezinye zezinhlobo ezingavamile ze-anemia.
Kuyini i-Aplastic Anemia?
Amaseli ethu egazi enziwe ngamaseli okuqala egazi emnkantsheni. Lawa yimbewu yokuqala yawo wonke amaseli egazi. Kumuntu one- anemia e-aplastic, lawa maseli okuqala egazi emnkantsheni ayalimala. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba awukwazi ukwenza amaseli amasha egazi anele (amangqamuzana abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelet) ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zawo.
Lesi simo singaba yinto yokuzalwa, okusho ukuthi singadluliselwa ngezakhi zofuzo ezivela kubazali. Noma singakhula ngesikhathi sokuphila. Lolu hlobo lwesibili luvame ukubonakala. Ngezinye izikhathi lungaba lwesikhashana.
Izimbangela zangaphandle:
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo njenge-lupus kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
- Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anjengezibulala-zinambuzane, i-arsenic, ne-benzene. (Uma usola ukuthi udle ikhemikhali, xhumana ngokushesha ne-National Poisons Information Center e-Colombo National Hospital.)
- Izifo ezifana ne-hepatitis, i-Epstein-Barr virus, kanye ne-HIV.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy yomdlavuza.
Izimpawu zalesi sifo zifaka phakathi ukuphefumula kanzima, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isikhumba esikhanyayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, i-tachycardia, kanye nokubanda kwezandla nezinyawo. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokufakelwa amaseli okuqala.
I-Sideroblastic Anemia
Lokhu futhi kuyisifo segazi. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi, yize umzimba unensimbi, awukwazi ukusebenzisa leyo nsimbi ukwenza i-hemoglobin. I-hemoglobin iyiprotheni esiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yokuthi insimbi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa, insimbi iqoqana emnkantsheni wethambo bese yakha uhlobo olungavamile lweseli elibomvu legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-sideroblast.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu. Enye ibangelwa ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali noma umuthi ovela ngaphandle. Enye ibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, okuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela yesifo. Uma lesi simo sibangelwa umuthi noma ikhemikhali ethile, kufanele sigwenywe ngeseluleko sikadokotela.
Ukwelashwa nge-Vitamin B6 kanye nokufakelwa umnkantsha nakho kuyindlela yokwelapha lokhu.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile ze-anemia
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana ze-anemia esingakazizwa kangako ngazo. Ake sibheke kafushane nazo.
| Uhlobo lwe-anemia | Incazelo elula | Izici ezivamile |
|---|---|---|
| Izifo ze-Myelodysplastic (MDS) | Isimo lapho umongo wethambo wonakele futhi ungakwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi anempilo. Lokhu kubhekwa njengohlobo lomdlavuza. | Ukudumba, ukopha, ukutheleleka, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukukhathala, ukwehla kwesisindo. |
| I-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia | Amasosha akho omzimba abhubhisa amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi, awabhubhise ngokushesha kunokuba angashintshwa. | Ukukhathala, isikhumba esikhanyayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, isiyezi, ukubanda, ubuhlungu emhlane, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba (i-jaundice). |
| I-Megaloblastic Anemia | Amaseli abomvu egazi enziwa umnkantsha wamathambo makhulu ngendlela engavamile futhi awavuthiwe. Lokhu kuwavimbela ekuthwaleni umoya-mpilo. Kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 noma i-B9 (i-folate). | Isiyezi, ukukhathala, isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ubuhlungu bemisipha, isicanucanu. |
| I-Fanconi Anemia | Isifo sofuzo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Umnkantsha awukhiqizi amangqamuzana egazi anele. | Izinzwane ezinkulu ezingajwayelekile, ukuphuka/ukopha kalula, izifo ezithathelwana njalo, izinkinga zenhliziyo, izinso, amathambo, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba. Ingozi eyengeziwe yokuba nomdlavuza (ikakhulukazi i-AML). |
Ezinye izimo ezingavamile njengeDiamond-Blackfan kanye ne-CDA
- I-Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: Lokhu kubangelwa futhi izinguquko zofuzo. Umnkantsha awukwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele. Laba bantwana bafushane, banamathambo abuthakathaka, futhi bangase babe nokububula kwenhliziyo.
- I-Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia (CDA): Lolu futhi uhlobo lwe-anemia oluzuzwa njengefa. Lunciphisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi anempilo. Abanye abantu bangase bangadingi ukwelashwa, kodwa izimo ezimbi kakhulu zingadinga ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukufakelwa amaseli okuqala.
Wenzani esimweni esinjengalesi?
Njengoba ubona, izimpawu ezivamile zazo zonke lezi zinhlobo ze-anemia ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuphaphatheka, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Ngakho-ke uma unalezi zimpawu njalo, ungazinaki nje.
Ukuzicabangela nokuthatha amaphilisi ensimbi ekhemisi ngeke kuxazulule inkinga ejulile njengale. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxilongwa okufanele.
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela wakho. Uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa komnkantsha, uma kudingeka, ukuthola imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo. Ukwelashwa kuzoncika embangela. Nakuba ezinye izimo zingelashwa ngemithi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi welashwe kakhulu njengokufakelwa umnkantsha. Uma unezimpawu ezinzima (isib. ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu besifuba), kubalulekile ukuya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) esibhedlela ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- 'I-anemia' ayibangelwa njalo ukuntuleka kwensimbi. Kunezinhlobo ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína.
- Uma uqhubeka nokuzwa izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukukhathala, isikhumba esimpunga, kanye nesiyezi, ungazinaki.
- Ukuxilongwa okunembile kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze uthole lokho, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ofanelekayo. Ungazami ukuzelapha.
- Eziningi zalezi zifo ziwufuzo, okusho ukuthi zingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onezinye zalezi zifo zegazi, yazisa udokotela wakho ngakho.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele, eziningi zalezi zimo zingalawulwa kanti ezinye zingelapheka ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke ungesabi futhi ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
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