Uma uzwa igama elithi 'anthrax', cishe uzizwa wesaba kancane, akunjalo? Sikubonile kumabhayisikobho nasezindabeni njengento eyingozi kakhulu, isikhali sebhayoloji, ngakho-ke kuyinto evamile ukuba nokwesaba okunjalo. Kodwa iyini ngempela i-anthrax? Ingasithinta kangakanani? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele uyesabe? Kulungile, ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu namuhla, ngaphandle kokufihla lutho, ngendlela ongayiqonda kalula.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Anthrax?
I-anthrax igciwane eliyingozi elibangelwa yibhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi i-Bacillus anthracis . Leli bhaktheriya likhethekile kakhulu. Lingahlala lilele enhlabathini iminyaka eminingi njengezinhlamvu ezincane, njengembewu encane. Njengembewu yesitshalo eyomile ngesikhathi sesomiso, lezi zinhlamvu zilinda enhlabathini nasothulini kuze kutholakale indawo efanele.
Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu izilwane ezidla utshani. Lapho izilwane ezifana nezinkomo, izimbuzi, nezimvu zidla utshani, lawa ma-bacterial spores asemhlabathini angena emizimbeni yezilwane. Bese kuthi, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wesilwane, ama-bacteria alele "avuke" abe asebenzayo, ahlukane ngokushesha futhi abangele lesi sifo.
Lesi sifo asivamile kakhulu kubantu, kodwa kunezindlela eziningana esingadluliselwa ngazo.
- Ngokuphefumula ama-spores ebhaktheriya.
- Ngokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle evela esilwaneni esinegciwane.
- Amabhaktheriya angena emzimbeni ngesilonda esikhumbeni.
Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi ingelashwa ngempumelelo ngama-antibiotic . Kukhona futhi nomuthi wokugomela lesi sifo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-anthrax, kuye ngokuthi idluliselwa kanjani.
I-anthrax ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana, kuye ngokuthi igciwane lingena kanjani emzimbeni wakho. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezimpawu ezahlukene kanye nobukhali obuhlukile.
| Uhlobo lwe-anthrax | Ukwakheka kanye nencazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Anthrax Yesikhumba | Lolu uhlobo lwe-anthrax oluvame kakhulu futhi olungeyona ingozi kakhulu . Luvela lapho ama-spores ebhaktheriya engena emzimbeni ngokuphuka kwesikhumba, njengokusikwa noma ukuklwebheka. Abantu abasebenza nemfuyo, abashuki besikhumba, kanye nodokotela bezilwane basengozini enkulu. |
| I-Anthrax Yesisu | Lolu hlobo lwe-anthrax lwenzeka uma udla inyama engaphekiwe kahle (eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle) evela esilwaneni esine-anthrax. Ibhaktheriya ithinta umphimbo wakho, umphimbo, isisu, kanye namathumbu. Emazweni amaningi, lolu hlobo lwe-anthrax aluvamile ukubonwa ngoba izilwane ziyagonywa futhi inyama iyahlolwa. |
| I-Anthrax Yokuphefumula | Lolu uhlobo lwe-anthrax oluyingozi kakhulu nolubulalayo . Luyenzeka uma kuhogela ama-spores e-anthrax aphefumula emoyeni. Lungabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula ngisho nokufa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi luthinta abantu ababesebenza ezigayweni zoboya esikhathini esidlule. Yingakho lubizwa nangokuthi 'isifo se-woolsorter'. |
| I-Anthrax Yomjovo | Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Kuye kwabikwa kubantu abafaka izidakamizwa ezifana ne-heroin. Uma kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa noma izinaliti ezingcoliswe yi-bacteria, leli gciwane lingangena ngqo ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma emisipheni bese libangela ukutheleleka. |
Ziyini izimpawu ze-anthrax?
Izimpawu ze-anthrax zincike kuhlobo lwe-anthrax onayo. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela zingakapheli isonto ngemuva kokuchayeka kubhaktheriya. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokuphefumula i-anthrax, izimpawu zingathatha izinyanga ezimbili ukuvela.
Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile:
- Izimpawu zesikhumba:
- Amaqhubu amancane noma amaqhubu alumayo.
- Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, i-blister izokhula ibe isilonda sesikhumba esingenabuhlungu esinendawo emnyama phakathi. Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-cutaneous anthrax.
- Izici zomsele wokudla:
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza (mhlawumbe ngegazi).
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu.
- Uhudo olunegazi.
- Izici zesistimu yokuphefumula:
- Ekuqaleni, izimpawu zomkhuhlane ovamile njengomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nokukhathala.
- Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, isimo saba sibi kakhulu, sabangela ubuhlungu esifubeni kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
- Ezinye izici ezivamile:
- Umkhuhlane kanye nokujuluka ngokweqile.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha.
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma usola ngisho nokuncane ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yi-anthrax futhi waba nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .
Ingabe i-anthrax ingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Impendulo elula ithi, cha . I-anthrax ayisona isifo esithathelwanayo njengomkhuhlane ovamile noma i-chickenpox. Awukwazi ukuyithola ngokuba seduze nomuntu one-anthrax, ukukhuluma naye, noma ukuthinta into ayisebenzisile.
Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, kube nemibiko yokuthi umuntu onesilonda se-anthrax esikhumbeni sakhe angangenwa yilesi sifo uma ehlangana ngqo nalesi silonda. Kodwa-ke, amathuba okuba lokhu kwenzeke mancane kakhulu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Ingozi yokuthola i-anthrax emphakathini jikelele iphansi kakhulu, kodwa le ngozi iphakeme kakhulu kubantu abenza imisebenzi ethile kanye nemisebenzi ethile.
- Abalimi kanye nalabo abasebenza ngemfuyo .
- Odokotela bezilwane kanye nalabo abasebenza kulowo mkhakha.
- Abantu abasebenza ngoboya bezilwane nezikhumba (isib., izimboni zoboya, izindawo zokushuna izikhumba, abenzi bezigubhu).
- Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni zokubulala .
- Izisebenzi zaselabhorethri zicwaninga ngebhaktheriya ye-anthrax.
- Abahambi noma izisebenzi zempi eziya emazweni lapho i-anthrax ivame khona.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo
Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi utheleleke nge-anthrax, angase enze izivivinyo eziningana ukuze aqinisekise lokho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
- Uma kukhona isilonda sesikhumba, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yaso bese ihlolwa (i-Biopsy)
- I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan
- Ukuhlola amasampula esikhwehlela noma indle
- Ukubhoboza kwe-Lumbar (umpompi womgogodla)
Izindlela zokwelapha
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni i-anthrax ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu . Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, ngokuvamile kungalapheka ngokuphelele.
Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:
1. Ama-antibiotic: Lokhu ukwelashwa okuyinhloko. Ama-antibiotic anikezwa njengamaphilisi, imijovo, noma ngemithambo yegazi ukubulala ukutheleleka. Lokhu kwelashwa kungadinga ukuthathwa isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-60. I-'Ciprofloxacin' kanye ne-'doxycycline' yimithi emibili yama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu.
2. Ama -Antitoxin:Ama-antibodies aklanywe ngokukhethekile anikezwa njengomjovo wokuqeda ubuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya emzimbeni. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa kanye nama-antibiotic.
3. Umuthi Wokugoma: Umuthi wokugoma we-anthrax usetshenziselwa ukuvimbela lesi sifo kanye nokwelapha umuntu oke wabhekana nalesi sifo. Imithamo eminingana yomjovo, kanye nama-antibiotic, kukhulisa amasosha omzimba.
Khumbula, i-anthrax, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lokuphefumula, ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa. Ngakho-ke uma unenkinga, ungayinaki. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Ungazivikela kanjani ku-anthrax?
Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax usebenza kahle ngaphezu kwama-90% ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, lo muthi awunikezwa umphakathi jikelele. Unikezwa kuphela labo abaseqenjini eliyingozi esixoxe ngalo ngaphambili.
Uma uya ezweni lapho i-anthrax ivame khona, qaphela lezi zinto:
- Gwema ukudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle ngokuphelele.
- Gwema ukuphatha noma ukuthenga izikhumbuzo ezenziwe ngesikhumba sezilwane, uboya, noma amathambo.
- Ungazithinti noma uzifuye izilwane ongaqiniseki ukuthi ziphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-anthrax igciwane eliyingozi elibangelwa yibhaktheriya ehlala enhlabathini, edluliselwa kakhulu yizilwane.
- Lesi akusona isifo esidluliselwa kalula sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye njengomkhuhlane.
- Izimpawu zincike endleleni yokungena (isikhumba, ukuhogela, ukugwinya), kanti isilonda esimnyama esiphakathi esikhumbeni siyisici esiyinhloko.
- Uma usebenza emsebenzini onobungozi obukhulu noma usola ukuthi uke wabhekana nalesi sifo, bona udokotela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
- I-anthrax ingelapheka ngempumelelo uma ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kuqalwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
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