Ingabe udokotela wakho ukunike umuthi wokuvimbela amahlule egazi? Abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuthi 'ukwehlisa igazi'. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma uzwa ngalomuthi. Imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ingabe ukopha kuzophela uma ngisika ingalo noma umlenze wami?" ingase ifike engqondweni yakho. Kodwa empeleni lo muthi uyinto engasindisa impilo yakho. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngale mithi yokunciphisa igazi, noma 'ama-Anticoagulants', ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zinto ezivimbela ukugabha kwegazi?
Ama-anticoagulant ayizinhlobo zemithi ezinciphisa ikhono legazi lakho lokujiya. Asiza umzimba wakho ukuncibilikisa amahlule egazi akhona, noma avimbele ukwakheka kwamahlule amasha. Lawa akuwona amaphilisi nje kuphela.
- Imithi yomlomo
- Njengomjovo (Imijovo)
- Njengoketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (Intravenous - IV)
Le mithi iza ngezindlela eziningi, njengokuthi: Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelapha izimo ezimbi nezisongela ukuphila ezifana nohlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu.
Kungani sidinga lolu hlobo lomuthi?
Cabanga ukuthi unesilonda esincane engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyaphela. Kwenzeka kanjani lokho? Kungenxa yokuthi igazi liyaqhekeka. Lena indlela emangalisayo yokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu. Le nqubo ivimba ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile esilondeni bese isilonda siqala ukuphola.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga iqala lapho la mahlule egazi eba khona ngokungadingekile, ezindaweni ezingafanele, okungukuthi, ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Kwenzekani uma ihlule legazi elakheka ngale ndlela lihamba negazi bese libhajwa emthanjeni wegazi omncane ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni, noma emaphashini? Khona-ke ukugeleza kwegazi esithweni esinikezwa yilowo mthambo kuyama, futhi leso sitho siqala ukungasebenzi kahle futhi sonakale. Lena yinto eyingozi kakhulu.
Lezi ezinye zezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezingabangelwa ukuqhekeka kwegazi ngale ndlela.
| Isimo esiyingozi | Kwenzekani nje |
|---|---|
| Isifo sohlangothi | Ihlule legazi liya ebuchosheni bese livimba umthambo wegazi omncane lapho. Lokhu kungabangela ukuba amangqamuzana obuchopho afe. |
| I-Pulmonary Embolism (PE) | Ihlule legazi livimba umthambo omkhulu wegazi oholela emaphashini. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu, esingaba yingozi. |
| Isifo senhliziyo | Ihlule legazi livimba imithambo yenhliziyo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Lokhu futhi kulimaza imisipha yenhliziyo. |
Ubani lo muthi onikezwa kakhulu?
Odokotela banikeza lawa ma-'Anticoagulant' kubantu abasengozini yokuthola izimo eziyingozi okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Nazi ezinye zezimo zezokwelapha ezibabeka engozini:
- I-Atrial Fibrillation: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amakamelo amabili aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria) enganciphi kahle, kodwa kunalokho ashaya ngokungajwayelekile, njengokungathi ayathuthumela. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, igazi aliphampi kahle, futhi kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi amahlule egazi azokwakheka ngaphakathi kwalawo magumbi. Uma la mahlule egazi ephuma enhliziyweni futhi aye ebuchosheni, angabangela isifo sohlangothi.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Heart Valve: Uma ama-valve enhliziyo eshintshwa, ikakhulukazi nge-valve yomshini, kunengozi yokuthi ama-blood clots akheke ebusweni be-valve. Lo muthi ubalulekile ukuvimbela lokhu.
- Ukufakelwa Kwesinqe Noma Idolo: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu okufana nalokhu, kunengozi yokuthi kwakheke amahlule egazi emithanjeni ejulile yemilenze. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi 'Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).' I-Pulmonary Embolism yenzeka lapho ihlule legazi elakheka emlenzeni liphuka futhi lihlala emaphashini.
- Izinkinga Zokugoba Kwegazi: Abanye abantu banesifo sofuzo sokugoba kwegazi. Abantu abanjalo nabo bayawudinga lo muthi.
Izinhlobo zama-anticoagulant nokuthi asebenza kanjani
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-anticoagulant. Uhlobo ngalunye luphazamisa inqubo yokujiya kwegazi ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
Imithi Yomlomo
1. I-Warfarin
Lona umuthi osekuyisikhathi eside usebenza ngokuvimbela ikhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa i-vitamin K, i-vitamin ebalulekile ekuqiniseni igazi.
Inselele enkulu nge-warfarin ukuthi umthamo wayo uyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu futhi udinga ukulawulwa ngokunembile.Uma umthamo ukhushulwa kancane, ingozi yokopha iyanda, futhi uma uncishiswa, amahlule egazi awavinjelwa ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, abantu abathatha i-'Warfarin' kufanele bahlolwe igazi njalo ('ukuhlolwa kwe-INR') ukuze bahlole ukuthi umthamo ulungile yini.
2. Imithi yesimanje (Ama-Direct Oral Anticoagulants - ama-DOAC)
Lezi yizidakamizwa ezintsha kakhulu. Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-`Dabigatran`, `Rivaroxaban`, `Apixaban` zingaphansi kwaleli qembu. Inzuzo enkulu yalezi ukuthi azidingi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile njenge-`Warfarin`. Zihlose ama-enzyme athile ahilelekile enkambisweni yokujiya kwegazi (isib. `Thrombin` noma `Factor Xa`) bese ziyeka umsebenzi wazo.
Imithi Ejovwayo Neye-IV
I-Heparin nemithi ehlobene nayo
Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezibhedlela lapho kudingeka imiphumela esheshayo. I-`Heparin` isebenza ngokusebenzisa iphrotheni yemvelo (`Antithrombin`) emzimbeni wethu evimbela ukujiya kwegazi, futhi imise inqubo yokujiya kwegazi. I-`Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH)` iyinguqulo ethuthukisiwe kakhulu yalokhu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ngisho nasekhaya.
Yiziphi imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi?
Ingozi enkulu nelindelekile yanoma iyiphi i-anticoagulant ukopha . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le mithi ilawula ukujiya kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokulimala okuncane kungabangela ukopha okungaphezulu kunokujwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, eminye imithi ingaba neminye imiphumela emibi eqondene nayo ngqo.
| Uhlobo lomuthi | Imiphumela emibi ekhethekile ephawulekayo |
|---|---|
| I-Warfarin |
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| I-Heparin |
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| Ama-DOAC (izidakamizwa zesimanje) |
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Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela? - Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyazi nakanjani!
Njengomuntu othatha lo muthi, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu. Ngoba ungase ungaboni ngisho nokopha kwangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke qaphela kakhulu ngezinto ezilandelayo.
| Izimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezimo lapho kufanele kufunwe khona iseluleko sezokwelapha | |
|---|---|
| Uma unalezi zimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho. | |
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| Uma unalezi zimpawu, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha! | |
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Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukutshela wonke udokotela nodokotela wamazinyo abakwelaphayo ukuthi uthatha umuthi wokulwa nokuvuvukala kwamazinyo. Kubalulekile ukwazisa lokhu ngisho nangaphambi kokukhishwa kwezinyo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-anticoagulant uhlobo lomuthi osindisa impilo okuvikela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nesifo sohlangothi kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngakho-ke ungesabi le mithi.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uphuza umthamo onqunyiwe, ngesikhathi onqunyiwe, njengoba udokotela wakho ekutshela. Ungadluli ngisho nosuku olulodwa.
- Ngenxa yokuthi kunengozi yokopha igazi ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi, qaphela ngangokunokwenzeka ngemisebenzi engabangela ukuwa nokulimala, kanye nemidlalo eyingozi.
- Uma kwenzeka ukopha okungajwayelekile, ukuphuka, noma ukulimala ekhanda, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala .
- Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi omunye umuthi (kufaka phakathi ama-painkiller), tshela udokotela wakho ukuthi uthatha ama-anticoagulant, njengoba eminye imithi ingasebenzisana nalokhu.
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