Ngemva kokudlala ogwini lolwandle, ukudlala ikhilikithi, noma ukwenza ingadi, ingabe isikhumba sakho siba bomvu, sibe buhlungu, futhi silume uma usithinta? Ngezinye izikhathi, singakubona lokhu ngisho nalapho siphuma siyokwenza imisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke noma ngisho nalapho siphuma siyodla isidlo sasemini. Kalula nje, lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukushiswa yilanga, noma njengoba wonke umuntu azi, ukushiswa yilanga . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isikhumba sethu sichayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane, uma kuqhubeka, kungabangela ukuguga kwesikhumba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sikuqonde lokhu futhi sivikele isikhumba sethu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokushiswa yilanga?
Odokotela bahlukanisa ukushiswa yilanga ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngokuthi isikhumba sethu sinomonakalo ongakanani. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili esivame ukuzibona.
1. Ukushiswa yilanga ngezinga lokuqala: Lokhu kulimaza kuphela ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba sethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, isikhumba siba bomvu, sivuvuke kancane, futhi sibe buhlungu uma sisithintwa. Lokhu kuvame ukuphola ngokwako phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya esontweni.
2. Ukushiswa yilanga ngezinga lesibili: Lokhu kuhilela ukulimala kwengqimba engaphansi kwesikhumba (i-dermis). Ngaphezu kokubomvu, amabhamuza agcwele amanzi aqala ukwakheka. Lesi simo singathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuphola futhi ngezinye izikhathi singadinga ukwelashwa.
Kukhona nohlobo lokusha olubizwa ngokuthi ukusha kwelanga okunezinga lesithathu, kodwa akuvamile ukubangwa yilanga. Kuwukusha okukhulu kakhulu, okuvame ukubangelwa umlilo noma amakhemikhali. Kuyisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Ziyini izimpawu zokushiswa yilanga?
Izimpawu zokushiswa yilanga ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobunzima baso. Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba singase sizizwe sengathi siyasha. Kungase kube buhlungu futhi uma izingubo zikhuhla isikhumba. Ake sibheke ukuthi lezi zimpawu ziyahlukahluka kanjani kuye ngohlobo lwaso.
| Izinga lokusha | Izimpawu okufanele uzilindele |
|---|---|
| Izinga lokuqala |
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| Izinga lesibili |
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Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma amabhamuza esakazeke endaweni enkulu.
Yiziphi izimbangela zokushiswa yilanga?
Imbangela eyinhloko imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalezi: i-UVA kanye ne-UVB. Zombili izinhlobo zingashisa isikhumba sethu. Nakuba noma ubani engathola ukushiswa yilanga, izici ezithile zandisa ingozi.
- Isikhathi elangeni: Ngokusobala, uma uhlala isikhathi eside elangeni, kulapho ingozi iba nkulu khona.
- Isikhathi sosuku: Ilanga livame ukuba namandla kakhulu kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-4 ntambama.
- Imithi ethile: Eminye imithi oyithathayo, isibonelo, eminye imithi elwa namagciwane, imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu (ama-NSAID), ama-retinoids ezimweni zesikhumba, kanye neminye imithi yenhliziyo, ingenza isikhumba sakho sizwele ilanga.
- Uhlobo lwesikhumba nombala: Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo nesikhanyayo bavame ukushiswa yilanga kalula.
- Indawo: Ngenxa yokuthi sihlala eduze ne-equator, izwe lethu lithola ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe. Futhi, imiphumela yemisebe ye-UV inkulu ezindaweni ezinezintaba.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba: Ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi ashiswa isikhumba ngokwenziwa nakho kuyimbangela enkulu yokushiswa yilanga kanye nomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukushisa kwelanga ekhaya?
Esikhathini esiningi, singakwazi ukulawula ukushiswa yilanga okuncane kwezinga lokuqala kanye nezinga lesibili ekhaya. Kodwa khumbula, uma lokhu kwelashwa kungasizi noma uma isimo sibi kakhulu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
1. Pholisa isikhumba:Phuma elangeni ngokushesha okukhulu bese ugeza ngamanzi abandayo. Noma, faka indwangu ehlanzekile ecwiliswe emanzini abandayo endaweni eshile isikhashana.
2. Faka umswakama esikhumbeni: Ukusebenzisa ijeli ye-aloe vera kuhle kakhulu. Kunciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi kunikeza umphumela wokupholisa. Ukhilimu we-hydrocortisone, ongathengwa ekhemisi, ungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukubomvu nobuhlungu.
3. Ukuqeda ubuhlungu: I-Paracetamol noma eminye imithi yokubulala izinhlungu (ama-NSAID) ingathathwa njengoba udokotela eyalile ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.
4. Phuza amanzi amaningi: Ukushiswa yilanga kungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ngakho phuza amanzi amaningi kanye noketshezi usuku lonke.
5. Yini okufanele uyenze ngama-blister? Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu . Uma une-blister esikhumbeni sakho, ungawavuli nganoma yisiphi isizathu . Ukwenza kanjalo kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Zivumele ziphole zodwa.
6. Vikela isikhumba sakho: Gwema ukuphinde uveze indawo eshile elangeni kuze kube yilapho iphola. Uma uphuma ngaphandle, gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ezimboza indawo kahle.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Nakuba ukushiswa yilanga okuningi kungelashwa ekhaya, kwezinye izimo, kudingeka usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, iya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) noma ubone udokotela ngokushesha.
| Isikhathi sokuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha | |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zesikhumba ezingathi sína | Uma amabhamuza esakazeke endaweni enkulu yomzimba (isb., umlenze wonke, umhlane wonke) noma evuvukele kakhulu. |
| Umkhuhlane kanye nokubanda | Uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba liphakeme kune-39 degrees Celsius (102 Fahrenheit) noma uma umzimba uthuthumela (ubanda). |
| Ubuhlungu obukhulu | Uma unezinhlungu ezingabekezeleleki. |
| Izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni | Izimpawu zifaka phakathi isiyezi (vertigo), umlomo owomile, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukoma kakhulu, kanye nokuncipha kokuchama. |
| Izimpawu zokutheleleka | Uma uketshezi olufana nobovu luphuma emaqabungeni. |
| Izingane ezincane | Uma ingane engaphansi konyaka ubudala ishiswa yilanga, noma ngabe kuncane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela. |
Imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokushiswa yilanga kanye nengozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba
Ubuhlungu bokushiswa yilanga bungaphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa umonakalo owenzeka emaseli esikhumba sethu awupheli. Kalula nje, imisebe ye-UV ilimaza i-DNA engaphakathi kwamaseli esikhumba sethu. Nakuba imizimba yethu ingalungisa lo monakalo ngezinga elithile, umonakalo uyanqwabelana futhi ube unomphela uma siqhubeka nokusha elangeni.
Njalo uma ushiswa yilanga, wandisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wesikhumba esikhathini esizayo. Kufana nokufaka imali ebhange, kodwa ngendlela elimaza thina.
Ezinye izinkinga ezingavela ngenxa yokushiswa yilanga okuqhubekayo:
- Ukuguga kwesikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Amabala esikhumba, amabala ansundu, imibimbi, kanye nesikhumba esiwohlokayo kungenzeka esemncane.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo: Imisebe ye-UV yandisa ingozi yokuthola ama-cataract.
- Izilonda zesikhumba ezingaphambi komdlavuza: Amabala aqinile, anamabala angase avele esikhumbeni, okungase kamuva kube umdlavuza.
Ungazivikela kanjani ekushisweni yilanga?
Ukuvimbela kungcono njalo kunokwelapha. Ukushiswa yilanga nakho kuyinto esingayivimbela ngokuphelele.
- Faka umuthi wokuvikela ilanga nsuku zonke: Noma nini lapho uphuma ngaphandle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunelanga noma cha, faka umuthi wokuvikela ilanga obizwa ngokuthi 'Broad Spectrum' (ovikela kokubili i-UVA ne-UVB) futhi okungenani une-'SPF 30'. Phinda uwufake njalo ngemizuzu engama-90, futhi uma ujuluka noma ungena emanzini.
- Phuma ngesikhathi esifanele: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, gwema ukuba selangeni elishisayo phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama.
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela:Gqoka izingubo ezikhanyayo nezikhululekile ezimboza isikhumba sakho kahle, njengemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade. Isigqoko esinompheme obanzi singavikela ubuso bakho, izindlebe kanye nentamo.
- Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezivikela i-UV: Ukuvikela amehlo akho nakho kubalulekile.
- Funa umthunzi: Uma ungaphandle, zama ukuhlala ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma kwenye indawo enomthunzi.
Ukushiswa yilanga kuyinto esingayithola kalula, kodwa umonakalo okubangelayo awubalulekile. Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha kusukela sisebancane kuzosisiza kakhulu ekusivikeleni ezifweni ezinkulu ezingase zivele esikhathini esizayo. Nakekela isikhumba sakho, ngoba siyimpahla eyigugu kakhulu ozoba nayo impilo yakho yonke.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukushiswa yilanga kuwumonakalo esikhumbeni obangelwa imisebe ye-UV evela elangeni. Kubangela ukubomvu, ubuhlungu, kanye nokuvuvukala.
- Ukushiswa yilanga okuncane kungelashwa ekhaya ngokugeza ngamanzi abandayo, ukusebenzisa i-aloe vera, nokuphuza amanzi amaningi.
- Uma unezimbobo, ungalokothi uzivule . Lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelekeni.
- Uma unezimbobo endaweni enkulu, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma ingane engaphansi konyaka ubudala ishiswa yilanga, qiniseka ukuthi ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukushiswa yilanga ukusebenzisa isivikelo selanga nsuku zonke, ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, nokugwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
- Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukushiswa yilanga ngakunye kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba esikhathini esizayo.
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