Ukufakwa Kwevalvu Ye-Aortic Yokuhlinzwa - Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula

Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi udinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kufakwe i-valve yakho ye-aortic ngoba ayisebenzi kahle, ungase uzizwe wesaba futhi ukhathazekile. Lokho kuyinto evamile. Kodwa lokhu ukuhlinzwa abantu abaningi abakwenzayo futhi kunemiphumela ephumelelayo. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kuhlinzwa, okungukuthi i-Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR), ngendlela elula kakhulu ezosusa konke ukungabaza kwakho.

Kuyini ngempela ukuhlinzwa kokushintsha i-aortic valve (SAVR)?

Kalula nje, i-SAVR yilapho ivalvu ye-aorta enhliziyweni yakho yonakele kangangokuthi ayisasebenzi kahle, bese kufakwa ivalvu entsha ngokuhlinzwa endaweni yayo.

Cabanga ukuthi i-aortic valve 'iyisango' lapho umthambo wegazi oyinhloko emzimbeni wakho (esiwubiza ngokuthi i-aorta) uxhumana khona nenhliziyo yakho. Njalo lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya, lo mnyango uyavuleka bese upompa igazi emzimbeni wakho. Bese umnyango uvaleka.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yobudala noma ezinye izizathu, kungavela izinkinga ngalo mnyango.

• Iminyango engavuli kahle: Njengesihinji somnyango esigqwalile, le valve ingase ingavuli ngokuphelele. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-aortic stenosis . Khona-ke, noma inhliziyo ishaya, igazi elanele alikhishwa liye emzimbeni.
• Umnyango awuvaleki kahle: Njengomnyango omdala wokhuni ongavaleki kahle, le valve ingahluleka ukuvala ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-aortic regurgitation . Lokhu kubangela ukuthi elinye igazi elimpontshelwa emzimbeni liphinde livuze enhliziyweni.

Uma i-valve ingasebenzi kahle, inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile ukuze ipompe igazi elidingwa ngumzimba wakho. Kufana nephampu yamanzi ezama ukupompa amanzi ngepayipi elivalekile. Lo mzamo owengeziwe ungalimaza inhliziyo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungase futhi ube nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba nobunzima bokuphefumula. Uma ingelashwa, lesi simo singaba yingozi empilweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-SAVR iwukuhlinzwa okuvulekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-incision esifubeni sakho ukuze afinyelele inhliziyo yakho. Njengoba lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kunezingozi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ngokucacile izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?

Kuzodingeka wenze izivivinyo eziningana ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuzosiza ithimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi lihlole kahle isimo senhliziyo yakho futhi linqume ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukulungele. Isibonelo, bazonquma ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-SAVR noma ukusikwa okuncane okubizwa nge-TAVR kungcono kuwe.

Nazi ezinye izivivinyo ongase ufune ukuzicabangela:

• Ukufakwa kwe-Catheterization Yenhliziyo
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-CT Scan
• I-Echocardiogram (I-Echocardiogram - I-Echo)
• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram - i-EKG)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo

Konke lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usukulungele ngokuphelele ukuhlinzwa nokuthi umzimba wakho uyakwazi ukukusingatha. Ngemva kwalokho, uzonikezwa imiyalelo ecacile yokuthi ungalungiselela kanjani usuku lokuhlinzwa.

• Kufanele ngiyeke ukudla nokuphuza isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
• Ingabe udinga ukuyeka okwesikhashana noma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo njengamanje?
• Sekuyisikhathi sokufika esibhedlela.
• Okufanele ulethe uma ufika esibhedlela nokuthi yini okufanele uyishiye ekhaya.

Uma kukhona okungacacile ngale miyalelo, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela noma umhlengikazi wakho. Uma ubhema, ukuyeka ukubhema ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yezinkinga.

Ukukhetha i-valve yokufakelwa: Yiziphi izinketho?

Esinye sezinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu ozozenza lapho ulungiselela ukuhlinzwa kwe-SAVR ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-valve ozolufaka. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-valve. Ake sibheke izinzuzo nezingozi zalo ngalinye ukuze sikusize uliqonde kangcono.

Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzoxoxa nawe ngazo zombili izinketho futhi ancome i-valve ekulungele kangcono ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, impilo yakho, nendlela ophila ngayo. Ngokuvamile, i-valve yemishini inconywa kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50, kanti i-valve yemvelo inconywa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65. Kulabo abaphakathi, ungakhetha noma iyiphi ngokusekelwe kulokho okuthandayo nezidingo zakho.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-SAVR kuvame ukuthatha cishe amahora amabili kuya kwamane. Ngeke uzwe lutho phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekuhlinzeni yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. I-Anesthesia: Okokuqala, ithimba lakho lokunakekela lizokunikeza i-anesthesia. Lokhu kuzokufaka ebuthongweni obukhulu. Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ukhumbule noma yini eyenzekayo.

2. Ukuxhuma emshinini wenhliziyo namaphaphu: Okulandelayo, uzoxhunywa emshinini wenhliziyo namaphaphu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi lakho aliyi enhliziyweni nasemaphaphu akho ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kodwa kunalokho lidlula kulo mshini, lapho lihlanzwa khona bese libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kufana nokunikeza inhliziyo namaphaphu akho ikhefu elincane. Lo mshini uphinde umise inhliziyo yakho okwesikhashana. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ohlinzayo ukuthi enze ukuhlinzwa ngokuphephile enhliziyweni engashayi.

3. Ukusikwa: Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusikwa okuqondile (i-sternotomy) okungaba amasentimitha angu-1.5 ubude phakathi kwesifuba sakho, eduze kwethambo lesifuba.

4. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwevalvu: Okulandelayo, ivalvu ye-aorta endala, eyonakele iyasuswa, ithathelwe indawo yivalvu entsha bese ithungwa kahle.

5. Ukuvalwa kwesifuba: Okulandelayo, izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene ze-sternum zixhunywa kabusha kusetshenziswa izintambo. Lezi zintambo zivame ukushiywa endaweni yazo impilo yonke. Ekugcineni, ukunqunywa kwesikhumba kuyathungwa kuvaliwe.

Izinketho ezingangeni kakhulu

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela benza lokhu kuhlinzwa besebenzisa imicu emincane. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngokuthi lokhu kulungile yini kuwe.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Sinjani isikhathi sokululama?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ithimba lezokwelapha lizoqapha inhlalakahle yakho. Bazokusiza ukuthi ujwayele ukuhamba kancane nsuku zonke nokubuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile.

Kungathatha amasonto amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukululama ngokuphelele ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathele phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Umzimba wakho udinga ukuphumula. Ngakho ungasheshi ukubuyela emisebenzini yakho yakudala. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.

Uma usululame ngokuphelele (ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-6-8), udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi uhlolwe inhliziyo. Lolu uhlelo oluqondisiwe olukusiza ukuthi ubuyele kancane kancane ekuzivocavoceni ngokuphephile. Uzonikezwa nesiqondiso mayelana nokushintsha indlela yokuphila, njengokulandela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo nokuyeka ukubhema.

Ziyini izinzuzo, izingozi, kanye namazinga empumelelo alokhu kuhlinzwa?

Ukushintsha ivalvu engasebenzi kahle kungasindisa impilo. Lesi simo singaba yingozi uma singelashwa.

Kubantu abaningi, ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu njengokufa noma isifo sohlangothi iphansi kakhulu. Lokho kuphansi njengo-1% kuya ku-2%. Le ngozi ingahluka kuye ngezici ezifana neminyaka yakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela izinga lakho lobungozi.

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kungaba nezinkinga ezithile.

• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia)
• Kudingeka ukuthi kufakwe i-pacemaker ehlala njalo
• Ukopha
• Izifo
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ukufa

Lezi zingozi azifani kuwo wonke umuntu. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukunciphisa lezi zingozi.

Kufanele ukhulume nini nodokotela?

Ngesikhathi usalulama ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu eziyingozi. Qaphela kakhulu lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi udinga ukushintsha ivalvu yenhliziyo. Kodwa khumbula, lena isevisi esiza inhliziyo yakho, njengokulungisa into ephukile ekhaya lakho. Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa, inhliziyo yakho izokwazi ukusebenza kalula, futhi uzozizwa ungcono. Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ukhululeke.