Ingabe ukukhiqizwa kwegazi lakho kuyehla? Ake sixoxe ngalesi simo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Aplastic Anemia!

Ingabe nawe uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukuphefumula ngisho nangemva kokwenza into encane? Noma uthola nje imivimbo futhi wopha yonke indawo emzimbeni wakho? Ngezinye izikhathi singase singakunaki kakhulu lokhu njengezinto ezivamile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nokuthile okungathi sína okufihliwe ngemuva kwalezi zimpawu. I-Aplastic Anemia ingenye yezifo ezingavamile, okungukuthi, ayibonakali njalo, kodwa ingaba yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula, ukuze nawe ukwazi ukuqonda kangcono lokhu.

Kalula nje, kuyini i-aplastic anemia?

Kalula nje, i-aplastic anemia yilapho umongo wamathambo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ungasebenzi kahle. Uyazi, ingxenye yamathambo ethu ebizwa ngokuthi umongo wamathambo yiyo eyenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama -platelet adingwa yimizimba yethu. Ngakho-ke, i-aplastic anemia yenzeka lapho umongo wamathambo ungakwazi ukwenza lawa maseli kahle.

Kufana nokuthi ifektri yegazi ivala ngokuzumayo. Kwenzekani-ke? Umzimba ulahlekelwa amaseli egazi owadingayo. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka okukhulu , kwenza kube nzima ukuyeka ukopha, futhi kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga ezifana nesifo senhliziyo. Kunezindlela zokwelapha zokulawula izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuyelapha ngokuphelele kungokufakelwa iseli le-stem .

Ingabe lesi simo sivame kangakanani? Ingabe kufanele sesabe kangaka?

Empeleni, lesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Aplastic Anemia singavamile . Lokho kusho ukuthi akusona isifo esithinta wonke umuntu. Isibonelo, e-United States, abantu abaphakathi kuka-300 no-900 kuphela abatholakala benalesi sifo minyaka yonke. EYurophu, izifundo zithi lesi simo sithinta abantu abangaba babili kwabayisigidi.

Nakuba kungathinta noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala, kuvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 nengu-25 kanye nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60. Ngakho-ke, ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile ngokuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi uzibuze ukuthi unalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Aplastic Anemia?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo azibonakali zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuvamile, lezi zimpawu zibonakala kancane kancane ngemva kwamasonto noma izinyanga. Ngakho-ke ungase ungawuboni umehluko ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima ngokuzumayo. Hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi unazo yini lezi zimpawu:

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane (njengomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane) kwenzeka kaningi, futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukiswa kunokujwayelekile.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ukhathele njalo.
• Kuvela imivimbo emzimbeni wonke, noma ngisho nesilonda esincane sithatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka ukopha.
• Ukuzwa ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya), ikakhulukazi uma wenza imisebenzi emincane.
• Umbala wesikhumba ubonakala umhlophe kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
• Isiyezi.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Imfiva.

Khumbula, ezinye zalezi zimpawu zingabangelwa nezinye izifo ezingatheni kangako. Isibonelo, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi unomkhuhlane uma unomkhuhlane. Ngakho-ke ungesabi uma unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu futhi ucabanga ukuthi une-aplastic anemia. Kodwa-ke, uma ubulokhu uzizwa ungaphilile amasonto amaningi futhi uhlala uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, kungcono kakhulu ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Kungani kwenzeka i-aplastic anemia? Ziyini izimbangela?

Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba ne-aplastic anemia. Kodwa ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi amasosha ethu omzimba—uhlelo olusivikela ezifweni—asiqondi kahle futhi luhlasela umnkantsha wethu, lubhubhise amangqamuzana okuqala lapho. Lawa maseli okuqala yiwo enza amangqamuzana amasha egazi.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, ezinye izizathu eziningana zingathinta lokhu:

Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha:

• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo , njenge -lupus, yizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ethu ehlasela khona imizimba yethu.
• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, isibonelo, amagciwane afana negciwane le-Epstein-Barr, i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), i-parvovirus B19 , kanye negciwane le-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) .
• I-Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria yisimo esitholakala lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ewohloka ngokushesha.
• Ukukhulelwa kungaba yimbangela yalokhu ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu.

Izimo ezivela ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane:

Kwabanye abantu, i-aplastic anemia ingahlotshaniswa ne-inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi 'inherited bone marrow failure syndromes'. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• I-Fanconi anemia
• I-Dyskeratosis congenita
• Isifo se-Shwachman-Diamond
• I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia
• I-Pearson syndrome

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha:

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha nazo zandisa ingozi yalesi simo.

• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy yomdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha enamandla kakhulu, kungalimaza umongo wethambo.

Futhi, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali athile abizwa ngokuthi ama-carcinogen , njenge -arsenic ne -benzene , kungandisa le ngozi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Umuntu one-anemia engapheli angase abe nezinkinga ezifana nalezi, ezinye zazo ezingasongela ukuphila:

• I-anemia: Lokhu kusho ukwehla komthamo wegazi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangela izinto ezifana nokukhathala okukhulu kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu: Njengoba amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ehla, ikhono lokumelana nezifo liyancipha.
• Ukopha ngokweqile: Ngenxa yokwehla kwama-platelet, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi igazi lijiye.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia) noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• I-Myelodysplastic syndrome yisimo lapho amangqamuzana emnkantsheni wamathambo ekhula ngendlela engavamile.

I-Aplastic Anemia ihlolwa kanjani?

Odokotela baxilonga lesi sifo ngokukuhlola, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kofuzo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) okunomehluko: Lokhu kulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu, zonke izinhlobo ezinhlanu zamaseli amhlophe, kanye nama-platelet egazini lakho.
• I-smear yegazi elingaphandle: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola ukubukeka nesimo samaseli egazi nama-platelet.
• Inani lama-reticulocyte: Lokhu kulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi asanda kwakheka, angakavuthwa (ama-reticulocyte).
• Ukufuthwa komnkantsha wethambo kanye ne-bone marrow biopsy: Kulokhu, kuthathwa isampula encane yomnkantsha wethambo, ngokuvamile ethanjeni lesinqe, ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia. Bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale kahle ukuthi isimo somnkantsha wethambo sinjani. Lesi yisilingo esiyinhloko sokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Izinketho zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sakho. Isibonelo, abanye abantu baba ne-aplastic anemia ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza noma ukwelashwa kwezifo ezizimele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela bangase bazame ukushintsha lezo zindlela zokwelapha.

Uma inani lamaseli egazi lakho liphansi kunejwayelekile kodwa ungenazo izimpawu ezinkulu, udokotela wakho angase athi une-anemia elinganiselayo ye-aplastic. Kulesi simo, udokotela wakho cishe uzoqapha impilo yakho kanye nenani legazi njalo. Ngale ndlela, ungathatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma isimo sakho sibonakala siba sibi kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwamacala abucayi kakhulu e-aplastic anemia kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-immunosuppressants: Le mithi isebenza ngokulawula ukusebenza kwesimiso sakho somzimba futhi iwuvimbele ekuhlaseleni umongo wakho wamathambo. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka phakathi i-antithymocyte globulin injection (Atgam®) kanye ne-cyclosporine (Sandimmune®) .
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi:Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka esikhundleni amaseli abomvu egazi nama-platelet aphelile. Lokhu akusiqedi lesi sifo, kodwa kusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu.
• Ama-antibiotic: Abantu abane-aplastic anemia basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, ama-antibiotic anikezwa ukwelapha izifo.
• Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-Allogeneic stem: Lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha lesi sifo. Kule nqubo, amaseli e-stem aphilile avela kumnikeli onempilo (ngokuvamile ilungu lomndeni noma umnikeli ohambisanayo) afakwa emnkantsheni wethambo wesiguli owonakele. Ngemva kwalokhu, amaseli egazi amasha anempilo aqala ukwakheka.

Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Imiphumela emibi nayo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokwelashwa:

• Isifo se-graft-versus-host: Lesi yinkinga engenzeka ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kweseli le-stem allogeneic . Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana atshaliwe asebenza ngokumelene nomzimba wesiguli.
• Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba yandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
• Ukwanda kwamazinga ensimbi emzimbeni ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi njalo (i-hemochromatosis / i-iron overload).

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-aplastic anemia.

Ingabe ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Yebo, kwezinye izimo, ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic stem cell okuphumelelayo kungasiqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo. Ngokuvamile, izingane nabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 banamathuba amaningi okuphumelela kulokhu kwelashwa kunabantu abadala.

Angakanani amathuba okusinda?

Lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningi ngempela. Ubudala bakho, ukwelashwa okutholayo, ubukhali besifo sakho, njll. Ucwaningo olulodwa lubonise ukuthi sekukonke, abantu abangu-96% basinda ngemva kokufakelwa i-stem cell. Ucwaningo olufanayo luphinde lwathola ukuthi izingane nabantu abadala abangu-100% abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-40 babephila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokwelashwa.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zibalo zisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kweqembu elikhulu labantu. Zingase zingakuthinti ngendlela efanayo. Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakunikeza ulwazi oluhambisana nesimo sakho.

Uma ngine-Aplastic Anemia, ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma unalesi simo, kubalulekile ukuzinakekela kahle. Kubalulekile ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa lukadokotela wakho ngqo nokunaka izimpawu zakho. Ungenza nalezi zinto:

• Gwema imisebenzi engabangela ukulimala okwengeziwe. Usengozini enkulu yokopha. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyeka imidlalo efana ne-rugby, i-hockey, kanye ne-wrestling.
• Zivikele kumagciwane namagciwane.Unamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimiphi imijovo efanele wena. Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi uhlale kude nabantu abagulayo (njengalabo abanomkhuhlane, i-flu, noma isisu esibuhlungu).
• Phumula ngokwanele. Njengoba i-anemia iyinkinga yalokhu, ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu futhi uphelelwa umoya. Kungase kube nzima nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, phumula futhi ulale kahle uma kudingeka, hhayi uma ukwazi.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Ukudla okulinganiselayo okuhlanganisa inyama engenamafutha amaningi, imifino, izithelo, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele kungasiza ekukhuliseni amazinga akho amandla. Uma ungathola iseluleko kuchwepheshe wezokudla, ungafunda ukuthi ungazuza kanjani ekudleni okudlayo.
• Zivocavoce. Ukuzivocavoca okulula kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo entsha yokuzivocavoca.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma lokhu kwenzeka:

• Uma unomkhuhlane ongama-degree Celsius angu-38 (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu .
• Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma une-anemia engapheli, ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Yini okungenzeka ukuthi iyimbangela enkulu yesimo sami?
• Ingabe isimo sami sibucayi?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Anginazo izimpawu. Ingabe ngizodinga ukwelashwa?
• Nginezimpawu. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha engingakhetha kuzo?

Ingabe i-Aplastic Anemia ingumdlavuza?

Cha. I-Aplastic anemia ayiwona umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abane-aplastic anemia basengozini yokuthola uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi olubizwa ngokuthi i-leukemia .

I-aplastic anemia iyisifo segazi esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile senzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela umnkantsha wakho, ewuvimba ekwenzeni amaseli egazi nama-platelet adingwa ngumzimba wakho. Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona, ngakho-ke ungase ukhathazeke futhi wesabe ngakho. Kodwa-ke, yize odokotela bengase bangakwazi ukuthola imbangela ethile, lesi simo singelashwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi selapheke. Uma une-aplastic anemia, udokotela wakho uzochaza izinketho zokwelapha ezifanele wena nemiphumela yazo emibi. Ngakho-ke, yiba nesibindi futhi ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

Umyalezo Ovela Kithi Okufanele Uwuthathe Ekhaya

I-Aplastic Anemia ingaba yinto eyesabekayo uma uzwa igama. Ngoba kuyisimo esibucayi. Kodwa khumbula, kukhona ukwelashwa kwaso. Uma ubona izimpawu kusenesikhathi, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha, bese uqala ukwelashwa, uvame ukulawula lesi simo, futhi uze usiphulukise.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ukhathala ngendlela engachazeki, ukugula njalo, noma ukopha okungajwayelekile, ungamane nje ungakunaki bese ubona udokotela ukuze akuhlole. Uma usheshe ukuqaphela, kulapho ukwelashwa kuzophumelela khona. Awuwedwa, futhi odokotela, umndeni, nabangane bakhona ukukusiza kulolu hambo.

I- Aplastic Anemia, I-Aplastic Anemia, I-Anemia, I-Bone Marrow, Izifo Zegazi, Ukufakelwa Kwamaseli Esiqu, Isistimu Yokuzivikela Esikhumbeni